Chemistry Lab Report 4 (Chromatography)

8/13/2019 Chemistry Lab Report 4 (Chromatography)

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Title

Separation of Cations by Paper Chromatography

Aim

1. To determine the component (ions) present in different solutions.

2. To separate cations of different solutions by paper chromatography method.

Results and Observation

Distance between origin and solvent front: 60mm

Solutions of Known Ions

Solution Ion Colour Distance From Origin (mm)

A Dark Steel Blue 60 1.00

B Rust Brown 49 0.82

C Apple Green 43 0.72

D

Dark Steel Blue 60 1.00

Rust Brown 49 0.82

Apple Green 43 0.72

Solutions of Unknown Ions

Solution Unknown No.

E 1 No Yes Yes

F 2 Yes Yes No

Calculation

=


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For solution A: ()=

= 1.00

For solution B: ()=

= 0.82

For solution C: ()=

= 0.72

For solution D: ()=

= 1.00

()=

= 0.82

()=

= 0.72

Discussion

Pattern of the Experiment

1. The ions present in Solution A and Solution D have the strongest

penetration of the paper by the solvent system because they have the highest


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value of which is 1.00. The ions present in Solution B and Solution D

have medium penetration of the paper by the solvent system because they

have a value of which is 0.82. For the ions present in Solution C and

Solution D, they have the lowest penetration of the paper by the solvent

system because they have the least value of which is 0.72.

2. For solution E, which was Unknown 1, the rust brown colour spot and apple

green colour spot present above the mark E on the chromatography paper

which indicates that only ions and ions present in the solution E.

3. For solution F, which was Unknown 2, the dark steel blue colour spot and rust

brown colour spot present above the mark F on the chromatography paper

which indicates that only ions andions present in the solution F.

Safety Assessment

1. Acetone is flammable and its vapors will ignite even the liquid is at a

considerable distance from an open flame, so be sure that there are no flame

operation in the vicinity of the work area.

2. Concentrated hydrochloric acid is corrosive upon skin or eye contact. It

causes burning of skin upon contact. Therefore, the experimenter should be

used in the hood to avoid spilling of hydrochloric acid.

3. Acetone exhibited slightly toxicity. However, at very high vapor

concentrations, acetone may cause irritation. It may affect thecentral nervous

system.It may cause blindness when contact with eyes. Therefore, we should

always wear safety goggle when carrying out the experiment.

Question

1. If the experimenter used a ball pen instead of a pencil to mark the

chromatography paper, the mixture of the ink of the ball pen may dissolve in

the solvent which will cause chromatism.
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2. The beaker should be covered while the solvent is moving up towards the

paper in order to provide an optimum environment for the reaction between

the solvent and the chromatography paper to occur. Otherwise the solvent will

become contaminate.

3. Distance of solvent front from the origin = 27mm

Distance of the Spot from Origin = 19mm

=

=

= 0.70

Conclusion

The ions present in Solution A and Solution D have the strongest

penetration of the paper by the solvent system because they have the highest

value of which is 1.00. The ions present in Solution B and Solution D

have the medium penetration of the paper by the solvent system because the

values of for the ions are 0.82. For the ions present in Solution C and

Solution D, they have the least penetration of the paper by the solvent system

because they have the lowest value of which is 0.72.

For solution E, which was Unknown 1, the rust brown colour spot and apple

green colour spot present above the mark E on the chromatography paper

indicates that only ions and ions present in the solution E. For solution

F, which was Unknown 2, the dark steel blue colour spot and rust brown colour

spot present above the mark F on the chromatography paper shows that only

ions andions present in the solution F.


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Therefore, the determination of component (ions) present in different solutions

and separation of cations of different solutions could be done by using paper

chromatography method.

Chemistry Lab Report 4 (Chromatography)

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