Chemistry is important!Chemistry is important!

…”you can remain ignorant of matter, to allow changes to occur without considering the effect on your life, or allow others to decide what changes will be made in the matter that makes up your world and that of future generations”1

1 Hall, T. et al, Chemistry, DC Heath and company, Ma. 1993, p.5.

http://antoine.fsu.umd.edu/chem/senese/101/matter/slides/sld001.htm

Nomenclature of Binary Nomenclature of Binary CompoundsCompounds

by Marta de Ortiz de Zevallosby Marta de Ortiz de Zevallos

To understand the formulas and their names is to learn the “universal language of Chemistry”.

The Periodic TableThe Periodic Table

Metals are at the left (red) Non-metals at the right, except for H

(blue)

http://antoine.fsu.umd.edu/chem/senese/101/matter/slides/sld013.htm

What are binary What are binary compounds?compounds?

Examples: NaCl = sodium chloride. CO2 = Carbon dioxide.

Binary compounds are chemical compounds formed only by two elements.

There areThere are two types of two types of binary binary compcompounds...ounds...

B inary Ionic

Compounds

B inary c ompounds

formed betw een a metal

and a non metal

B inary Molec ular or

c ovalent c ompounds

B inary c ompounds

betw een tw o non metals

B inary c ompounds

Binary Ionic Compounds (a Binary Ionic Compounds (a metalmetal and a and a non metalnon metal))

The metal looses electrons becoming positive (+)

The non metal gains electrons becoming negative (-)

•I’m hit, I’m hit, I’ve lost an electron!!!•Are you sure?•I’m POSITIVE!!! +

http://www.shef.ac.uk/chemistry/web-elements/webelements/elements/text/key/Na.html

PositivePositive and negative ions and negative ions attractattract each other... each other...

Perhaps one of you gentlemen

would mind telling me

just what is it outside the window

that you find so attractive….?

http://www.shef.ac.uk/chemistry/web-elements/webelements/elements/text/key/F.html

What isWhat is the charge? the charge?

Group 1: 1+ Group 17: 1-

1+ 2+3+ 4- 3- 2- 1-

Group 2: 2+

Group 13: 3+

Group 16: 2-Group 15: 3-Group 14: 4-

?

http://antoine.fsu.umd.edu/chem/senese/101/matter/slides/sld013.htm

???

For example, how For example, how do we write thedo we write the formula of a formula of a compound betweencompound between

calcium calcium and fluorine ?and fluorine ?

Write the positive element (metal) first with its charge (top right)

Ca2+

Then write the negative element (non-metal) with its charge

F1-

Do a cross multiplication

Ca2+ F1-

CaF2

Is the right ANSWER!

Simplify if it is necessary

•For example, suppose you want to write the formula of the compound formed between Gallium and Nitrogen…

Ga3+ N 3- Ga3N3GaNANSWER!

Do you wantDo you want toto try by try by yourself?yourself?

•Write the formulas of the ionic compounds formed between:•1) Lithium and Oxygen Li2O•2) Potassium and Chlorine KCl•3) Aluminum and Sulfur Al2S3

•4) Barium and Carbon Ba2C

HowHow do do we name these we name these compcompounds?ounds?

Name the metal first Then the “root” of the non-metal Finally add the ending “ IDE ” Example Li2O Metal= Lithium Non-metal= Oxygen Root=Ox

Answer: Lithium Oxide

Let’s practiceLet’s practice again… again… write the write the names names of:of:

CaF2 Calcium Floride GaN Gallium Nitride KCl Potassium Chloride Al2S3 Aluminum Sulfide Ba2C Barium Carbide

But thereBut there are some metals are some metals that that have morehave more than one than one

possible chargepossible charge

Copper can be Cu1+ or Cu2+ Mercury can be Hg1+ or Hg2+ Iron can be Fe2+ or Fe3+ Cobalt can be Co2+ or Co3+

Tin can be Sn2+ or Sn4+

Lead can be Pb2+ or Pb4+

How do youHow do you combine for example combine for example Iron, Copper, and LeadIron, Copper, and Lead with with

Oxygen?Oxygen? You have two possibilities

for each: Fe 2+ +O2- -> FeO Fe 3+ + O2- ->Fe2O3

Cu1+ + O2- -> Cu2O Cu2+ + O2- ->CuO Pb 2+ + O2- ->PbO Pb 4+ + O2- ->PbO2

What doWhat do we do in this we do in this case?case?

Between the metal and the non metal, write the charge of the metal, in roman numerals and between parenthesis.

FeO is Iron (II) oxide

Fe2O3 is Iron (III) oxide

ReadyReady to practice? to practice? Write the formula of: Iron (II) Chloride FeCl2 Iron (III) Nitride FeN Mercury (I) Fluoride HgF

Easy?Easy?

Now theNow the otherother way aroundway around

????????

Write the formula of the following compounds:

CuS Copper (II) Sulfide CoCl3 Cobalt (III)Chloride Sn3 N4

Tin (IV) Nitride

Binary molecularBinary molecular or or covalent covalent compounds...compounds...

Name the first element + the root of the second + ide…

But, before each element, use prefixes to indicate the amount of atoms of each type..

Prefixes mono 1 di 2

tri 3 tetra 4

penta 5 hexa 6

hepta 7 octa 8

nona 9 deca 10 Note: don't use mono for the first element

http://tqd.advanced.org/3310/lographics/textbook/u01s04.html#BinaryCovalentCompounds

How do weHow do we do do that???that???

Let’s see some examples:

CO2

Carbon dioxide

N2O5

Dinitrogen pentaoxide P2O7

Diphosphorous heptaoxide

Let's try the other way Let's try the other way around...around...

CO Carbon Monoxide

N2O5

Dinitrogen pentoxide

CCl4 Carbon tetrachloride

NO2

Nitrogen dioxide

Remember!!!Remember!!! Binary compounds

(two elements) Can be ionic

(metal+non-metal) or molecular (two

non-metals)

For molecular compoundsuse prefixes indicating the amount of atoms of eachtype

Remember!!!Remember!!!Remember!!!Remember!!!

Dinitrogen trioxide

N2O3

In ionic, the metal can In ionic, the metal can have one or more than have one or more than

one chargeone charge

If it has only one, just name: Metal+non-metal+ide NaCl = Sodium

chloride

SnO2 =Tin (IV) oxide

If it has more than one charge, use roman numerals to indicate the charge of the metal.

Good Job!!!Good Job!!!

If you want more practice go to http://dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us/Nomenclature/Nomenclature.html