Chemistry

Chapter 2Matter and Change

SECTION 2.1

Matter and its Properties

Matter: Composition/ Arrangement

Mass: a measure of the amount of _______________

Matter: anything that has _____ (weight) and takes up _______ (volume)

The Basic Building Blocks of Matter:

Atom: smallest ____________________

that maintains the properties of

that element

Matter: Properties

___________________: properties that depend on how much you havee.g. Volume, Mass

___________________: do not depend on how much you havee.g. Density, boiling pt, conductivity, color, odor, luster, conductivity

Matter: States of…

: has definite Volume and Shape

: has definite Volume, but no definite shape

: has no definite Volume or definite Shape

Matter:

Physical Propertycharacteristic that can ____________________without

changing the identity of the substance

_________________: - changes that do not affect the identity of the

substancee.g. melting (from solid liquid)

boiling (from liquid gas)tearing a piece of paper

SECTION 2.4

Chemical Reaction

Matter: :- A chemicals ability to undergo changes that

transform it into one or more different chemicalse.g. Iron can combine with Oxygen to form Rust

Chemical Change/Reaction: When one or more substances are converted

into different substances Substances that react are called ____________ Substances that are formed are called

______________i.e. Sugar (burning) Carbon & Water Vapor

reactants products

Section 2.2Mixtures

Mixtures - a physical blend of _________________kinds of matter,

each of which retains its own properties / identities.e.g. Salt & Sugar mixed together2 Types:

1.___________________: the component substances are evenly distributed throughout the mixture.

The composition is uniform.e.g. any solution, like Salt/Sugar dissolved in Water

2. ___________________: the components are unevenly distributed with a non-uniform composition.e.g. Sand in Water (or mud), granite, ceasar dressing.What about milk? Hetero/Homogeneous?

Pg. 44 47

Separation of Mixtures:__________: separates solids from liquids

- e.g. coffee grounds, tea leaves

______________: separates liquids from liquids, or liquids from dissolved solids- e.g. “Moonshine” - alcohol from water- e.g. water from a KoolAid ® drink

____________: Magnetic from non magnetic solids- e.g. Magnetite from beach sand

________________: separates different density liquids/solids- e.g. blood

Section 2.3If something is not a mixture it is a pure substance

Pure Substance: (not a mixture)- homogeneous (even throughout) and has

fixed composition- Every part has the same _________________- Every part has the same _________________- A substance can be written as a ___________** Can be Elements or Compounds

e.g. Sugar- every part of the sample tastes the same- every part is made up of C12H22O11

p.40

Pure Substance:

Water consists of elements combined in _____________proportions.

Homogeneous Mixture:

is a mixture in which the composition is ____________throughout

Heterogeneous Mixture: a mixture in which the composition is _____uniform throughout

Elements :pure ___________ that ________ be decomposed

(broken down) by a chemical change.the building blocks of matter. There are _______naturally occurring elements in the

universe; and 10 artificial radioactive elements.The elements are arranged in a manner called “the

Periodic Table” that is accepted around the worldThe 18 vertical columns are called _______ (or _______).The 7 horizontal rows are called ____________.

Periodic Table:

Metals make up ¾ of the TableGood conductors of ___________able to be made into flat sheets

(___________)able to be stretched into wire (_______)grayish luster (except which two?)

Non-Metals make up ¼ of the Table.very brittle (________________________)Poor conductor of heat/electricity

Nobel Gases: group 18. This family is extremely stable (___________) so it took a long time to prove they existed.

Not all pure substances are elements…

__________: pure substance made up of only one kind of atom.

Oxygen (O2) Diamond (Carbon)

___________: pure substance that is made from the atoms of 2 or more elements that are chemically bonded / combined.

Water (H2O)

Salt (NaCl)