Chemical Control in IPM fileWhat is chemical control of pests? • It is the pest control using...
Transcript of Chemical Control in IPM fileWhat is chemical control of pests? • It is the pest control using...
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Chemical control in IPM
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What is chemical control of pests?
• It is the pest control using
chemical pesticides.
• A pesticide is a chemical used to
prevent, destroy or repel insect
pests.
• They combat pests and diseases
occurring on our crops, livestock
and our possessions.
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HISTORY OF CHEMICAL CONTROL
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons: DDT, Lindane, Chlordane, dieldrin, Heptachlor
Lethane
Arsenic compound, lead arsenate was first used against Gypsy moth in USA
Paris green for the control of Colorado potato beetle in USA 1867
1892
1940
1936
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Contd…,
New chemistry insecticides : neonicotinoids, IGR’s, spinosyns, fiproles, avermectines, oxadiazine, pymetrozine, diamides,
pyrroles, phenyl pyrazoles, tetrazines, tetronic acid derivatives and ketoenols
Synthetic pyrethroids: Bioresmethrin, phenothrin, allethrin, permethrin, deltamethrin, cypermethrin
Formamidines
Carbamates: Aldicarb, methomyl, carbaryl, pirimicarb, bendiocarb
Organophophates: Malathion, parathion, dichlorvos, metasystox 1946
1965
1972
Since 1992
1956
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• 260 pesticides registered for use and 585
pesticide formulations(11/08/2015)
• Pesticide consumption in India - very low
• World wide pesticide: 45,390 MT (2012-13)
Taiwan 17
China 13
Japan 12
USA 7
Korea 7
France 5 UK
5
India 0.6
Per capita consumption of pesticides (Kg/ha) (2012)
50
18 14 8 7
2 1
Crop wise pesticide consumption, 2012 AP, 24%
Maharashtra, 13%
Punjab, 11% Karnataka,
7%
Gujarat, 7%
MP & Chattisgarh,
8%
Tamil Nadu, 5%
Haryana, 5%
West Bengal, 5%
Others, 15%
State wise pesticide consumption, 2012
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Indian scenario
World
Consumption of pesticides
2014
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Pesticides are classified in different ways
1. Based on usefulness
• Acaricides : Ticks and Mites eg: Carbophenthion
• Insecticides: Insects eg: Carbofuron
• Fungicides: Fungal diseases eg: Mancozeb
• Herbicides: Weeds eg: 2,4-D, betachlor
• Nematicides: Nematodes eg: Phenamiphos
• Rodenticides: Rats eg: Coumarin
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2. Mode of action
• Contact poison: eg: Carbaryl
• Stomach poison: eg: Zinc phosphide
• Systemic poison: eg: Carbofuran
• Fumigants: eg: Methyl bromide
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Chemical constituents
• Botanical compounds
• Synthetic organic compounds
• Microbial compounds
• Insect Growth regulators
• Synthetic pyrethroids
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Organochlorines (DDT, aldrin, HCH,
endrin)
Organophates (Dichlorvos, parathion, chlorpyrifos, acephate)
Carbamates (carbaryl, aldicarb, isolan, carbofuran)
Synthetic pyrethroids (allethrin, cypermethrin,
cyfluthrin)
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Drawback of Conventional insecticides
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New Chemistry insecticide classes
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New Insecticide classes
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Contd…,
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Contd…,
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Contd…,