Chartbook 2015

@ASEAN

ASEAN

www.asean.org one vision one identity

one community

ASEAN Economic CommunityChartbook 2015

ASEAN Economic Community

The ASEAN SecretariatJakarta

Chartbook 2015

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was established on 8 August 1967. The Member States of the Association are Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam. The ASEAN Secretariat is based in Jakarta, Indonesia.

For inquiries, contact:

The ASEAN SecretariatCommunity Relations Division (CORD)70A Jalan SisingamangarajaJakarta 12110IndonesiaPhone : (62 21) 724-3372, 726-2991Fax : (62 21) 739-8234, 724-3504E-mail : [email protected]

Catalogue-in-Publication Data

ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015Jakarta: ASEAN Secretariat, April 2016

339.9591. ASEAN – Statistics2. Economics – Trade – Investment

ISBN 978-602-0980-69-0

General information on ASEAN appears online at the ASEAN Website: www.asean.org

The text of this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted, provided proper acknowledgement is given and a copy containing the reprinted material is sent to the Community Relations Division of the ASEAN Secretariat, Jakarta

Copyright Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) 2016.All rights reserved

iASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015

1 ASEAN in the Global Economy 1.1 Total Population 1 1.2 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (at current price) 2 1.3 GDP per capita (at current price) 3 1.4 GDP per capita (PPP*) 4 1.5 Trade in Goods 5 1.6 Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) 6

2 ASEAN Economy 2.1 Annual GDP Growth 7 2.2 GDP per Capita (at current price) 8 2.3 Consumer Price Index in ASEAN6 (base year = 2005) 9 2.4 Consumer Price Index of Transport and Housing in ASEAN6 (base year = 2005) 10 2.5 Rate of Change Currencies-to-US Dollar (period average) 11 2.6 Currencies-to-US Dollar (period average) 12

3 ASEAN Trade Liberalisation 3.1 Average Tariff Rates on Intra-ASEAN Imports 13 3.2 Commodity Items with Zero Tariff 14

4 ASEAN Trade Performance 4.1 Trade in Goods 15 4.2 Trade in Goods as Share of GDP 16 4.3 Intra- and Extra-ASEAN Trade in Goods 17 4.4 ASEAN Member States Exports of Goods by Destination, 2014 18 4.5 ASEAN Member States Imports of Goods by Origin, 2014 19 4.6 Top Ten Export Commodities in 2 Digit-HS*, 2014 20 4.7 Top Ten Import Commodities in 2 Digit-HS*, 2014 21 4.8 Intra-ASEAN Top 5 Trade Commodities in 2-digit HS*, 2014 22 4.9 Extra-ASEAN Top 5 Trade Commodities in 2-digit HS*, 2014 23

5 ASEAN Trade with Dialogue Partners 5.1 Total Trade with Dialogue Partners 24 5.2 Share of Trade with Dialogue Partners in ASEAN’s Total Trade 25 5.3 Exports of Goods to Dialogue Partners 26 5.4 Imports of Goods from Dialogue Partners 27 5.5 Trade Balance with Dialogue Partners 28 5.6 Top 5 Trade Commodities with Australia-New Zealand, 2014 29 5.7 Top 5 Trade Commodities with Canada, 2014 30

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ii ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015

5.8 Top 5 Trade Commodities with China, 2014 31 5.9 Top 5 Trade Commodities with EU-28, 2014 32 5.10 Top 5 Trade Commodities with India, 2014 33 5.11 Top 5 Trade Commodities with Japan, 2014 34 5.12 Top 5 Trade Commodities with Republic of Korea, 2014 35 5.13 Top 5 Trade Commodities with Russian Federation, 2014 36 5.14 Top 5 Trade Commodities with USA, 2014 37

6 ASEAN Trade in Services 6.1 Trade in Services 38 6.2 Exports of Services by Broad Headings 39 6.3 Imports of Services by Broad Headings 40 6.4 Intra-ASEAN Exports of Services by Broad Headings 41 6.5 Intra-ASEAN Imports of Services by Broad Headings 42

7 Investments in ASEAN 7.1 NetInflowsofFDIbyASEANMemberStates 43 7.2 NetInflowsofFDIsasShareofGDPbyASEANMemberStates 44 7.3 NetInflowsofFDIbySourceCountries 45 7.4 NetInflowsofFDIbySourceCountries 46 7.5 NetInflowsofFDIbyActivity,2014 47

8 Other Developments in the ASEAN Economic Community 8.1 Internet Subscribers/Users and Cellular Phone Density (per 100 persons) 48 8.2 Ratio of Paved Road to Total Road Length 49 8.3 Tourist Arrivals 50

iiiASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015

ASEAN Economic Community

Chartbook 2015

INTRODUCTION

CAVEAT

CONTENTS

The ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) Chartbook 2015, provides statistical updates on the various dimensions of the ASEAN economic community based primarily on data submitted by the ASEAN Member States (AMS). It covers the period of 2007, the year the Declaration on the ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint was signed, to 2014.

The AEC Chartbook, now in its 9th edition, aims to walk its readers through the different developments taking place in the ASEAN region ranging from demography, economy, international trade, investment to infrastructure, in eight sections as follows:

1. ASEAN in the Global Economy situates the region in the global economy in terms of its population, economic size and growth, trade, and investment.

2 ASEAN Economy looks into key macroeconomic trends and developments within the region.

3 ASEAN Trade Liberalisation illustrates the progress made by the member states in promoting and facilitating free flow of goods within the region through tariff liberalisation.

4 ASEAN Trade Performance examines the trends of exports and imports of goods, composition and direction of trade within the region and with the rest of the world.

5 ASEAN Trade with Dialogue Partners maps the region’s trade position and the concentration and dependencies of traded commodities with its dialogue partners

6 ASEAN Trade in Services describes the trends of export and import of services within ASEAN and with the rest of the world.

7 Investment in ASEAN highlights the inflows of foreign direct investment into the region.

8 Other Developments in the ASEAN Economic Community examines other important elements characterising the regional economy i.e.information and communications technology, infrastructure, and tourism.

The charts presented in this publication are based on data available in the various databases being maintained by the ASEAN Secretariat as submitted through relevant ASEAN working groups and/or data sharing schemes and/or as gathered from official publications and websites of the AMS and international organisations, as of 31 December 2015.

Some data were derived/estimated using basic statistical approaches employed by the ASEAN Secretariat. Unless otherwise stated, these figures are in no way considered as official statistics, and are used only to give indicative information.

iv ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015

1ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015

1 In

mill

ion

pers

ons

China India ASEAN UnitedStates

Indonesia Brazil Pakistan Nigeria Bangladesh Russia Japan

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

1,368

622

319 252 203 186 174 158 146 127

1,276

20132007 2014

After China and India, ASEAN’s population was the third largest in the world at 622 million in 2014, an increase of almost 10% from 566 million in 2007.

Source: ASEAN Secretariat and IMF World Economic Outlook October 2015

1.1 Total Population

ASEAN in the Global Economy

2 ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015

1 1 ASEAN in the Global Economy

1.2 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (at current price)

ASEAN is the seventh richest economy in the world and third among the Asian countries. In 2014, the region’s share to the world’s GDP at 3%, was at par with Brazil, Italy and India.


in m

illio

n US

dol

lars

Share to World GDP, 2014

India2.7%

Italy2.8%

Brazil3.0%

ASEAN3.2%

France3.7%

UnitedKingdom

3.8%Germany

5.0%

Japan6.0%

China13.4%

UnitedStates22.4%

Rest of the world

33.9%

GDP at current price

India

Italy

Brazil

ASEAN

France

United Kingdom

Germany

Japan

China

United States

0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000

2,051

2,148

2,347

2,574

2,834

2,950

3,874

4,602

10,357

17,348

2013

2007

2014


11 ASEAN in the Global Economy

Qatar

Luxembourg NorwaySwitzerland Australia

United States

San MarinoIreland

ASEAN

Denmark Sweden

119,488

96,93093,990

86,468

61,066 60,947 58,53856,820

54,411 54,370

4,135

105,82384,904

69,167 63,630

45,056 58,655

53,122

82,008

61,635

47,955

2,341

In US dollars

2007 20

13 2014

ASEAN GDP per capita has increased by 76% from US$2,341 in 2007 to US$4,135 in 2014.


1.3 GDP per capita (at current price)



Qatar Luxembourg Singapore BruneiDarussalamUnited ArabEmirates

San Marino Switzerland Hong KongSAR ASEAN

2007 20

13 2014

Kuwait Norway

137,162

97,639

83,06679,890

70,68667,166 66,347

60,88758,149

55,097

10,725

116,969

90,636

64,42180,698

66,616 61,89972,892 84,307

51,335

43,143

6,953

The region’s GDP per capita (PPP) has increased to US$10,725 in 2014, from US$6,953 in 2007. Two ASEAN countries, Singapore and Brunei Darussalam were among the top 5 economies with the highest GDP per capita (PPP) in the world.

* Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) dollar takes into account the differences in the purchasing power of the US dollar in the countries. PPP $1 in a country, say Cambodia, has the same purchasing power as PPP $1 in all other countries in the world.


1.4 GDP per capita (PPP*)



1.5 Trade in Goods

With a total trade of US$2.5 trillion in 2014, ASEAN accounted for 7% of the world’s total trade in 2014, placing it fourth after China, USA and Germany.

Source: ASEAN Secretariat and UNComtrade

In b

illio

n US

dol

lars

Total Trade

Netherlands

Republic of Korea

United Kingdom

France

Japan

Hong Kong

ASEAN

Germany

USA

China

1,079

1,099

1,224

1,233

1,502

1,633

2,529

2,713

4,186

4,445

2013

2007

2014

1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,0000

Rest of the world

41.6%

Share to World Total Trade, 2014

Germany7.3%

ASEAN6.8%

Hong Kong4.4%

Japan4.1%

France3.3%

United Kingdom

3.3%

Republic of Korea

3.0%

Netherlands2.9%

China12.0%

USA11.3%



1.6 Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)

In 2014, comprising 11% of the world total inflows, ASEAN was the top recipient of FDI in the world, followed by China and Hong Kong.

Source: ASEAN Secretariat and UNCTAD

In b

illio

n US

dol

lars

Total FDI Inflows

Australia

Canada

British Virgin Islands

Brazil

Singapore

United Kingdom

United States

Hong Kong

China

ASEAN

52

54

57

62

68

72

92

103

129

136

2013

2007

2014

50 100 150 200 2500

Share to World Total FDI Inflows, 2014

Rest of the world

32.8%

Australia 4.2%Canada

4.4%

British Virgin Islands 4.6%

Brazil 5.1%

Singapore 5.5%

United Kingdom

5.9%

United States 7.5%

Hong Kong 8.4%

China 10.5%

ASEAN 11.1%

54


2 ASEAN Economy

2.1 Annual GDP Growth

The region’s GDP grew at 4.6% in 2014, lower by 2.0 percentage points from 2007. GDP growth in CLMV remained higher than in ASEAN6 during the same period.

Note: ASEAN6 = Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand; CLMV = Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Viet Nam Source: ASEAN Secretariat

In p

erce

nt

15

10

5

0

-5

20132007 2014

0.5

-2.3

10.2

7.06.3

5.16.0

7.56.3 6.0

12.0

8.7

6.66.1

9.1

2.9

5.0

0.7

7.16.0 6.3

4.3

8.7

6.9 6.6

4.6

Cam

bodi

a

Indo

nesi

a

Lao

PDR

Mal

aysi

a

Mya

nmar

Philip

pine

s

Sing

apor

e

Thai

land

Viet

Nam

ASEA

N6

CLM

V

ASEA

N

Brun

ei

Daru

ssal

am


2 ASEAN Economy

2.2 GDP per capita (at current price)

Member States’ GDP per capita varied widely. In 2014, GDP per capita in Singapore and Brunei Darussalam reached more than US$40,000; while GDP per capita in Cambodia stood at US$1,100. In Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand, the GDP per capita ranged from US$2,800 to US$10,700.“

Note: Myanmar’s data is based on the exchange rate in the IMF-WEO database of October 2015, which is US$1 = 995 kyats (for 2014).


In U

S do

llars

60,000

50,000

40,000

30,000

20,000

10,000

0

2007 2013 2014

Brun

ei

Daru

ssal

am

Cam

bodi

a

Indo

nesi

a

Lao

PDR

Mal

aysi

a

Mya

nmar

Philip

pine

s

Sing

apor

e

Thai

land

Viet

Nam

ASEA

N6

CLM

V

ASEA

N

41,535

1,105 3,901 1,730

10,784

1,278 2,816

56,287

5,4362,053

5,0051,709 4,135


2 ASEAN Economy

2.3 Consumer Price Index in ASEAN6 (base year = 2005)

From 2013 to 2014, overall prices in Indonesia and Philippines grew considerably by 8.4% and 4.2% respectively. Similarly, Indonesia’s food prices increased by 7.8 %, followed by Philippines (6.7%), Malaysia (3.3%), and Singapore (3.0%).

Source: ASEAN Secretariat

200

180

160

140

120

100

200

180

160

140

120

100

Overall Food

2005 20052006 20062007 20072008 20082009 20092010 20102011 20112012 20122013 20132014 2014

IndonesiaIndonesia

PhilippinesPhilippines

Thailand

Thailand

Malaysia

Malaysia

BruneiDarussalam

BruneiDarussalam

SingaporeSingapore


2 ASEAN Economy

2.4 Consumer Price Index of Transport and Housing in ASEAN6 (base year = 2005)

Transport and housing prices in Indonesia registered an increase of 11.7% and 8.3%, respectively in 2014. On the other hand, Singapore’s transport prices fell by 1.2% while housing prices in Brunei Darussalam slightly dropped by 0.7%.


180

160

140

120

100

180

160

140

120

100

Transport Housing

Indonesia

Indonesia

Philippines

Philippines

Thailand

Thailand

Malaysia

Malaysia

BruneiDarussalam Brunei

Darussalam

Singapore

Singapore

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014


2 ASEAN Economy

2.5 Rate of Change Currencies-to-US Dollar (period average)

Except for the Indonesian Rupiah, ASEAN Member States’ currencies vis-à-vis the US dollar depreciated in 2014. The Myanmar Kyat and Thailand Baht depreciated the most, by 6.1% and 5.9%, respectively.

Note: Myanmar’s Kyat-to-dollar exchange rate is based on the IMF World Economic Outlook Database as of October 2015


In p

erce

nt

15

10

5

0

-5

2013 2014

BruneiDarussalam Cambodia Indonesia Lao PDR Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Viet Nam

A positive (+) rate of change connotes currency depreciation while a negative (-) rate of change indicates currency appreciation.

1.20.3

2.3

3.8

6.1

3.4

1.3

5.9

0.9

1.0


2 ASEAN Economy

2.6 Currencies-to-US Dollar (period average)

Note: Myanmar’s Kyat-to-dollar exchange rate is taken from the IMF World Economic Outlook October 2015


60

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

25.000

20.000

15.000

10.000

5.000

0

2013 20132007 20072014 2014

Philip

pine

s

Cam

bodi

a

Indo

nesi

a

Lao

PDR

Mya

nmar

Viet

Nam

Thai

land

32.5

44.3

4,041

10,485

8,030

995

21,1314

3

2

1

0

20132007 2014

Brun

ei

Daru

ssal

am

Mal

aysi

a

Sing

apor

e

1.27

3.28

1.27per U

S do

lar

per U

S do

llar

per U

S do

llar


3 ASEAN Trade Liberalisation

3.1 Average Tariff Rates on Intra-ASEAN Imports

Average tariff rate on intra-ASEAN imports in CLMV has dropped to 0.54% in 2015 from 1.3% in 2014, bringing the ASEAN average rate on intra-ASEAN imports down to 0.23% in 2015 from 0.54% in 2014.

Note : From 2007-2009, based on Common Effective Preferential Tariff; 2010 onward, based on ASEAN Trade in Goods Agreement


In p

erce

nt

7.00

4.50

4.00

3.50

3.00

2.50

2.00

1.50

1.00

0.50

0.002007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

CLMV, 0.54

ASEAN, 0.23ASEAN6; 0.03

CLMV, 4.44

ASEAN, 2.58

ASEAN6; 1.32


3 ASEAN Trade Liberalisation

3.2 Commodity Items with Zero Tariff

Since 2010, ASEAN6 has applied zero tariff to nearly 100% of the agreed commodity list. In the CLMV countries, tariff duties have been eliminated for more than 90% of the agreed commodity list in 2015, compared to 72.5% in 2014.

Note : From 2007-2009, based on Common Effective Preferential Tariff; 2010 onward, based on ASEAN Trade in Goods Agreement


In p

erce

nt

Num

ber

100

75

50

25

0

105,000

85,000

65,000

45,000

25,000

5,000

-15,0002007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

bar chart: in percentline chart: in absolute number

ASEAN ASEAN6 CLMVASEAN ASEAN6 CLMV


4 ASEAN Trade Performance

4.1 Trade in Goods

In 2014, the region’s total trade in goods grew slightly by 0.7% reaching US$2,529 billion compared to US$2,512 billion in the previous year.


In b

illio

n US

dol

lar

3,000

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0

Total Trade, 2,529

Extra-ASEAN, 1,920

Intra-ASEAN, 608

Total Trade, 1,611

Extra-ASEAN, 1,209

Intra-ASEAN, 402

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014



4.2 Trade in Goods as Share of GDP

In 2014, total trade in goods accounted for 98% of GDP. Intra-ASEAN trade share to GDP remained relatively stable at 24%.


In p

erce

nt o

f GDP

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Total Trade, 98%

Extra-ASEAN, 75%

Intra-ASEAN, 24%

Total Trade, 122%

Extra-ASEAN, 92%

Intra-ASEAN, 30%

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014



4.3 Intra-and Extra-ASEAN Trade in Goods

Intra-ASEAN trade has steadily accounted for nearly 25 percent of the region’s total trade in recent years.


2014

Extra-ASEAN 75.9%

Intra-ASEAN 24.1%

2013

Extra-ASEAN 75.8%

Intra-ASEAN 24.2%

2007

Extra-ASEAN 75.0%

Intra-ASEAN 25.0%

In percent share



4.4 ASEAN Member States Exports of Goods by Destination, 2014

Lao PDR, Myanmar and Singapore exported most of its products within the region while Viet Nam, Cambodia and Philippines shipped most of their commodities outside ASEAN.


0 10 20 30 50 50 60 70 80 90 100

In percent share

ASEAN

Brunei Darussalam

Cambodia

Indonesia

Lao PDR

Malaysia

Myanmar

Philippines

Singapore

Thailand

Viet Nam

Intra-ASEAN

Extra-ASEAN



4.5 ASEAN Member States Imports of Goods by Origin, 2014

Brunei Darussalam, Lao PDR and Myanmar imported most of their commodity items from within the region, accounting for more than 50% of these countries’ total imports of goods.


0 10 20 30 50 50 60 70 80 90 100

In percent share

ASEAN

Brunei Darussalam

Cambodia

Indonesia

Lao PDR

Malaysia

Myanmar

Philippines

Singapore

Thailand

Viet Nam

Intra-ASEAN

Extra-ASEAN



4.6 Top Ten Export Commodities in 2 Digit-HS*, 2014

Mineral fuels/oils and their related products, electrical-related products and nuclears-related equipment/appliances were the top three commodity exports, constituting almost 50% of ASEAN total exports.

*HS - Harmonized System


In percent share Natural or cultured pearls, precious or semi-precious stones, precious metals, metals clad with precious metal, and articles thereof; imitation jewellery; coin 2%

Rubber and articles thereof 3%

Organic chemicals 3%

Optical, photographic, cinematographic, measuring, checking, precision, medical

or surgical instruments and apparatus; parts and accessories thereof

3%Animal or vegetable fats and oils and

their cleavage products; prepared edible fats; animal or vegetable waxes

3%Vehicles other than railway or tramway rolling-

stock, and parts and accessories thereof 3%

Plastics and articles thereof 3%

Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof

11%

Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes

16%

Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles 22%

Others 31%



4.7 Top Ten Import Commodities in 2 Digit-HS*, 2014

Mineral fuels/oils and their related products, electrical-related products and nuclears-related equipment/appliances accounted for more than 50% of ASEAN imports.



In percent share Articles of iron or steel 2%

Natural or cultured pearls, precious or semi-precious stones, precious metals, metals

clad with precious metal, and articles thereof; imitation jewellery; coin

2%Organic chemicals

2%

Optical, photographic, cinematographic, measuring, checking, precision, medical or surgical instruments

and apparatus; parts and accessories thereof 2%

Vehicles other than railway or tramway rolling-stock, and parts and accessories thereof

3%

Iron and steel 3%


Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof

13%

Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes 22%


Others 27%



4.8 Intra-ASEAN Top 5 Trade Commodities in 2-digit HS*, 2014

Mineral fuels/oils and their related products were the major intra-ASEAN export and import commodity items, accounting for 26% and 30%, respectively.



In percent share

Export ImportMineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes 26%




Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof 12%




Vehicles other than railway or tramway rolling-stock, and parts and accessories thereof 4%

Others 35%


Others 33%



4.9 Extra-ASEAN Top 5 Trade Commodities in 2-digit HS*, 2014

The main export and import items of extra-ASEAN trade were electrical-related products and mineral fuels/oils and related products.



Animal or vegetable fats and oils and their cleavage products; prepared edible fats; animal or vegetable waxes 4%




Others 46%




Iron and steel 4%


Others 40%

Export Import


In percent share


5 ASEAN Trade with Dialogue Partners

5.1 Total Trade with Dialogue Partners

In 2014, the region’s total trade with China amounted to US$367 billion, followed by Japan (US$229 billion), USA (US$212 billion), and EU-28 (US$209 billion).


China Japan USA EU-28Australia-New Zealand India

RussianFederation Canada

2007 20

13 2014

Republic of Korea

366,526

229,042212,429 209,473

131,439

81,08167,708

22,54313,155

178,189187,307

61,20947,771

In million US dollars

37,2435,401

9,496

171,089 173,056



5.2 Share of Trade with Dialogue Partners in ASEAN’s Total Trade

China has continued to increase its share to ASEAN’s total trade, reaching 14.5% in 2014. Meanwhile, shares of EU-28, Japan and USA have declined in recent years.

Note: ANZ= Australia-New Zealand; ROK= Republic of Korea; Russia= Russian Federation


In percent share

2007 2013 2014ANZ3.0%

ANZ3.1%

ANZ3.2%

Canada0.6%

Canada0.5%

Canada0.6%

China10.6%

China14.0%

China14.5%

EU-2811.6%

EU-289.8% EU-28

8.3%

India2.3% India

2.7%

India2.7%

Japan10.7%

Japan9.6%

Japan9.1%

ROK3.9%

ROK5.4%

ROK5.2%

Russia0.3%

Russia0.8%

Russia0.9%

USA11.1%

USA8.2%

USA8.4%

Others45.9%

Others45.9%

Others47.2%



5.3 Exports of Goods to Dialogue Partners

China has become the top destination of ASEAN’s exports with share to total exports increasing from 9% in 2007 to almost 12% in 2014. In contrast, the shares of EU-28, Japan and USA have declined in recent years.



In percent share

2007 2013 2014ANZ 3.6%

ANZ 4.0%

ANZ 4.0%

Canada 0.6%

Canada 0.6%

Canada 0.6%

China 9.1% China

12.0%China 11.6%

EU-28 12.6% EU-28

9.8%EU-28 8.0%

India 2.9%

India 3.3%

India 3.4%

Japan 9.9%

Japan 9.7%

Japan 9.3%

ROK 3.4%

ROK 4.2%

ROK 4.0%

Russia 0.2%

Russia 0.4%

Russia 0.4%

USA 12.3%

USA 9.0%

USA 9.5%

Others 45.4%

Others 47.1%

Others 49.2%



In percent share

5.4 Imports of Goods from Dialogue Partners

In 2014, ASEAN’s imports of Chinese-made products have intensified while shipments from Japan and USA have moderated.



2007

ANZ 2.2%

Canada 0.6%

China 12.4%

EU-2810.5%

India1.7%

Japan11.7%

ROK4.2%

Rusia0.4%

USA9.6%

Others 46.6%

2013

ANZ 2.1%

Canada 0.5%

China 16.0%

EU-289.8%

India2.1%

Japan9.5%

ROK6.6%

Rusia1.2%

USA7.5%

Others 44.7%

2014

ANZ 2.4%

Canada 0.5%

China 17.5%

EU-288.5%

India2.0%

Japan8.8%

ROK6.5%

Rusia1.4%

USA7.3%

Others 45.2%


5.5 Trade Balance with Dialogue Partners

The region has consistently ran trade surplus with Australia, New Zealand, Canada, India, Japan, and USA. On the other hand, ASEAN has widened trade deficit with China, Republic of Korea, and Russian Federation since 2007.

Note: A positive value indicates trade surplus; the region is a net exporter.


In b

illio

n US

dol

lars

40,000

30,000

20,000

10,000

0

-10,000

-20,000

-30,000

-40,000

-50,000

-60,000

-70,000

-80,000

20132007 2014

ANZ Canada China EU-28 India Japan Republic of Korea

RussianFederation

USA

24,557

1,785

-65,713

-1,841

18,94411,406

-28,191

-11,713

32,321




5.6 Top 5 Trade Commodities with Australia-New Zealand, 2014

Mineral fuels, oils and related products were the major traded items, both exports and imports, with Australia and New Zealand.

Note: Based on 2-digit Harmonized System code


In percent share

Export Import



Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles 7%

Articles of iron or steel 4%

Others 32%



Cereals 8%

Nickel and articles thereof 6%

Meat and edible meat offal 4%

Others 52%

Dairy produce; birds’ eggs; natural honey; edible products of animal origin, not elsewhere specified or included 11%



5.7 Top 5 Trade Commodities with Canada, 2014

Exports to Canada were mainly electrical machinery/equipment and articles of apparel and clothing accessories. Imports consisted of fertilizers and nuclear reactors, boilers and mechanical appliances.



In percent share

Export ImportElectrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles 18%

Fertilisers 15%


Pulp of wood or of other fibrous cellulosic material; recovered (waste and scrap) paper or paperboard 11%

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted 5%

Cereals 10%



Others 51%

Others 43%

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted or crocheted 12%




5.8 Top 5 Trade Commodities with China, 2014

Electrical machinery/equipment, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts thereof accounted for nearly 30% of the region’s trade with China.



In percent share




Iron and steel 6%




Articles of iron or steel 3%

Others 38%

Others 39%





5.9 Top 5 Trade Commodities with EU-28, 2014

Exports to EU-28 mainly consisted of electrical machinery/equipment, television image and sound recorders/reproducers, and parts thereof, while imports chiefly comprised nuclear reactors, boilers and mechanical appliances.



In percent share



Footwear, gaiters and the like; parts of such articles 5%

Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof 7%



Optical, photographic, cinematographic, measuring, checking, precision, medical or surgical instruments and apparatus; parts and accessories thereof 4%


Others 50%

Others 45%





5.10 Top 5 Trade Commodities with India, 2014

Similar to trade with Australia and New Zealand, the region’s export and import items with India mostly consisted of mineral fuels, oils and related products.



In percent share






Natural or cultured pearls, precious or semi-precious stones, precious metals, metals clad with precious metal, and articles thereof; imitation jewellery; coin 5%


Cereals 4%

Others 34%

Others 48%





5.11 Top 5 Trade Commodities with Japan, 2014

Mineral fuels, oils and related products were the region’s primary exports to Japan, while nuclear reactors, boilers and mechanical appliances topped the list of its imported items from Japan.



In percent share





Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal 5%

Iron and steel 9%



Others 40%

Others 34%





5.12 Top 5 Trade Commodities with Republic of Korea, 2014

Exports to the Republic of Korea largely comprised mineral fuels, oils and related products while imports were mostly made up of electrical machinery/equipment, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts thereof.


Source of data: ASEAN Secretariat

In percent share





Others 35%




Iron and steel 6%


Others 28%




5.13 Top 5 Trade Commodities with Russian Federation, 2014

The region’s chief export products to Russian Federation were electrical machinery/equipment, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts thereof. On the other hand, mineral fuels, oils and related products accounted for three-fourths of ASEAN’s imported goods from Russian Federation.



In percent share




Nickel and articles thereof 6%


Fertilisers 5%


Natural or cultured pearls, precious or semi-precious stones, precious metals, metals clad with precious metal, and articles thereof; imitation jewellery; coin 1%

Others 43%

Others 6%


Iron and steel 7%


5.14 Top 5 Trade Commodities with USA, 2014

Electrical machinery/equipment, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts thereof comprised nearly one-fourth of ASEAN’s exports to USA. Imports from USA contained mainly of electrical machinery/equipment, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts thereof and nuclear reactors, boilers and mechanical appliances.




In percent share




Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof 9%





Others 42%

Others 39%




6 ASEAN Trade in Services

6.1 Trade in Services

ASEAN trade in services has increased significantly over time, with total import and export reaching US$314 billion and US$306 billion respectively, both accounting for approximately 12% of the region’s GDP in 2014.

Note: Based on IMF Balance of Payments Manual, 6th Edition.


In b

illio

n US

dol

lars

% o

f GDP

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

-50

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Total Import, 14.0%

Total Import, 314.0

Total Import, 12.2%

Total Export, 12.8%

Total Export, 305.8

Total Export, 11.9%

2007 20072008 20082009 20092010 20102011 20112012 20122013 20132014 2014

Total Import, 185.7

Total Export, 168.9



6.2 Exports of Services by Broad Headings

Travel, Transportation and Other business services were consistently the major exports of services in ASEAN, constituting a combined share of 80% of the region’s total exports of services.



In percent share

Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others.

Maintenance and repair services n.i.e.

Transport

Travel

Construction

Insurance and pension services

Financial services

Charges for the use of intellectual property n.i.e

Telecommunications, computer, and information services

Other business services

Personal, cultural, and recreational services

Government goods and services, n.i.e.

2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

21.1%

21.3%

23.0%

24.4%

26.4%

35.4%

35.8%

34.7%

33.5%

31.8%

23.2%

23.1%

22.7%

21.5%

21.7%

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100



6.3 Imports of Services by Broad Headings

With a total share of 76%, Transport, Travel, and Other business services continued to be the major sectors of ASEAN’s imports of services in 2014.



In percent share



Transport

Travel

Construction


Financial services






2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

33.4% 20.5% 22.0%

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

33.4%

35.2%

36.5%

35.7%

19.8%

20.0%

19.5%

20.3%

22.8%

21.2%

21.1%

20.8%



6.4 Intra-ASEAN Exports of Services by Broad Headings

Travel services along with Transport and Other business services have consistently comprised more than 85% of intra-ASEAN’s exports of services.



In percent share



Transport

Travel

Construction


Financial services






2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

15.0%

15.4%

16.4%

16.8%

16.9%

53.5%

53.1%

52.9%

54.6%

54.3%

16.1%

16.0%

16.1%

15.1%

14.4%

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100


6.5 Intra-ASEAN Imports of Services by Broad Headings

Similarly, Transport, Travel, and Other business services were the main sectors for intra-ASEAN’s imports of services, with a total share of 86% to ASEAN imports of services in 2014.




In percent share



Transport

Travel

Construction


Financial services






2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

25.4% 42.6% 17.8%

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

24.8%

26.5%

29.4%

29.9%

43.1%

43.1%

40.5%

40.6%

17.9%

16.7%

17.7%

17.2%


7 Investments in ASEAN

7.1 Net Inflows of FDI by ASEAN Member States

In 2014, Singapore continued to be the major recipient of FDI in ASEAN, with inflows amounting to US$72 billion. Meanwhile, Viet Nam led the CLMV countries with US$9.2 billion of FDI inflows.

Note: ASEAN6 = Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand; CLMV = Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Viet Nam


2010

2010

2011

2011

2012

2012

2013

2013

2014

2014

80,00070,00060,00050,00040,00030,00020,00010,000

0

10,000

8,000

6,000

4,000

2,000

0

In m

illio

n US

Dol

lars

Brunei Darussalam Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Singapore Thailand

Cambodia Lao PDR Myanmar Viet Nam



7.2 Net Inflows of FDI as Share of GDP by ASEAN Member States

In 2014, FDI inflows in Singapore accounted for 23.4% of the country’s GDP. During the same period, FDI inflows in Cambodia and Lao PDR have exceeded their shares to GDP in 2007 at 10.3% and 7.8%, respectively.


In p

erce

nt o

f GDP

BruneiDarussalam

Cambodia Indonesia Lao PDR Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Viet Nam ASEAN

3.3

10.3

2.3

7.8

3.3

1.52.2

23.4

3.14.9 5.3

20132007 2014

30

25

20

15

10

5

0



7.3 Net Inflows of FDI by Source Countries

FDI inflows in ASEAN reached US$136.2 billion in 2014, an increase of US$18.5 billion (16%) from 2013. After recording a huge drop in 2008, the FDI share to GDP has rebounded in 2010 and remained relatively stable in recent years. In 2014, FDI inflows in ASEAN was about 5.3% of its GDP; extra-ASEAN made up 4.3% while intra-ASEAN accounted for 0.9%.

Note: For 2012-2013, Lao PDR’s data on ‘by source country’ are not yet available; intra-/extra-ASEAN breakdowns for 2012-2013 were estimated by the ASEAN Secretariat. Source: ASEAN Secretariat

In m

illio

n U

S do

llars

160,000

140,000

120,000

100,000

80,000

60,000

40,000

20,000

0

35,000

30,000

25,000

20,000

15,000

10,000

5,000

02007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total, 136,181

Extra-ASEAN, 111,804

Intra- ASEAN, 24,377

In p

erce

nt o

f GD

P

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

02007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total, 5.3

Extra-ASEAN, 4.3

Intra-ASEAN, 0.9


35,000

30,000

25,000

20,000

15,000

10,000

5,000

02007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014


7.4 Net Inflows of FDI by Source Countries

The major source countries of FDI inflows in the region were EU-28, Intra-ASEAN, Japan, USA and China.

Note: For 2012-2013, Lao PDR’s data on ‘by source country’ are not yet available; intra-/extra-ASEAN breakdowns for 2012-2013 were estimated by the ASEAN Secretariat.


EU, 29,268

ASEAN, 24,377

Japan, 13,381

USA, 13,042

China, 8,869



7.5 Net Inflows of FDI by Activity, 2014

FDI inflows in financial and insurance activities comprised 33% of the region’s total FDI inflows, followed by manufacturing (17%), other services activities (15%), and wholesale and retail trade (13%).

Other services activities. 14.6%

Manufacturing 16.8%

Financial and Insurance activities 32.6%

Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motor cycles 12.9%

Real estate activities 7.6%

Mining and quarrying 5.5%

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing 3.4%

Information and communication 1.9%

Construction 0.9%

Professional, scientific and technical activities 0.8%Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply 0.3%Administrative and support service activities 0.2%Accomodation and food service activities 0.1%

Human health and social work activities 0.2%

Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities 0.1%

Education 0.0%

Public administration and defence; compulsory social security 0.0%

Arts, entertainment and recreation

0.0%

Transportation and storage 2.0%

In percent share



8 Other Developments in the ASEAN Economic Community

8.1 Internet Subscribers/Users and Cellular Phone Density (per 100 persons)

The number of internet subscribers/users in ASEAN Member States continued to increase in 2014. Similarly, there is a steady increase in the number of cellular phone users. In 2014, there are more than 100 number of cellular phones per 100 persons in all of the ASEAN Member States with the exception of Lao PDR and Myanmar.*

* This indicates that 1 person owns more than 1 unit of cellular phone in these countries.


Internet subscribers/users per 100 persons

Brunei Darussalam

Cambodia

Indonesia

Lao PDR

Malaysia

Myanmar

Philippines

Singapore

Thailand

Viet Nam

Brunei Darussalam

Cambodia

Indonesia

Lao PDR

Malaysia

Myanmar

Philippines

Singapore

Thailand

Viet Nam

Celullar phone per 100 persons

20 1000 040 20060 80 1002010 2011 2012 2013 20142010 2011 2012 2013 2014



8.2 Ratio of Paved Road to Total Road Length

There is a marked improvement in Myanmar’s road condition as shown by the increase in the ratio of paved road to total road length from 24% in 2013 to 52% in 2014 .


In p

erce

nt

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

02010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Singapore

Philippines

Malaysia

Indonesia

Myanmar

Lao PDRCambodia

Viet Nam

Thailand

Brunei Darussalam



8.3 Tourist Arrivals

Tourist arrivals in ASEAN grew by 2.8 percent, reaching 105 million in 2014 from 102 million in 2013. Malaysia maintained its top spot as the favorite tourist destination in the region, with a share of 26% of the total visitor arrivals, followed by Thailand (24%) and Singapore (14%).

Note: Prior to 2013, Brunei Darussalam data covered only visitor arrivals by air transport


In th

ousa

nd p

erso

ns

BruneiDarussalam

Cambodia Indonesia Lao PDR Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Viet Nam ASEAN

3,886 4,5039,435

4,159

27,437

3,081 4,833

15,095

24,780

7,874

105,084

120,000

100,000

80,000

60,000

40,000

20,000

0

20142007 2013

@ASEAN

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