MOVING FROM PRINT TO ELECTRONIC JOURNALS

A STUDY OF LIBRARIES AT INDIANA COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES

Jo McClamroch

Indiana University

Charleston Conference

November 2010

BRIEF HISTORY

• Skepticism in the early days (1990’s)

– Do users really want this format?

– How “full” is full-text?

– Fluidity of titles in aggregators

– Permanent archival access

• Growing acceptance (early 2000’s)

– Demand and preference for electronic format increasing

– Availability of remote access improving

– More confidence that full-text is truly “full”

– But… is the cost to support two formats sustainable?

BRIEF HISTORY

• Recognition that electronic is here to stay (mid-2000’s)

– Increasing number of e-journals

– Questions re sustainability of maintaining dual-format

– Archival access ongoing concern

• Now what about print?

– Acceptance that use of electronic journals far surpasses use of print

– Growth in electronic publishing; publishers phasing out print versions

– Reliable archival access available via publishers, Portico, JSTOR

DEMOGRAPHICS

PRIVATE or PUBLIC

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

Private Public

FTE ENROLLMENT

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

35.0%

40.0%

45.0%

Under 1,000 1,001 - 5,000 5,001 - 10,000 10,001 - 25,000 Over 25,000

Under 1,000 26.9%

1,001 - 5,000 42.3%

5,001 - 10,000 23.1%

10,001 - 25,000 3.8%

Over 25,000 3.8%

HIGHEST DEGREE OFFERED

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

35.0%

40.0%

Associate Bachelor Master Doctorate

Associate

Bachelor

Master

Doctorate

Associate 8.3%

Bachelor 20.8%

Master 37.5%

Doctorate 33.3%

DATA

TOTAL MATERIALS BUDGET

30.4%

17.4%

13.0%

17.4%

21.7%

$250,001 - $500,000

Over $1,000,000

$100,001 - $250,000

$500,001 - $1,000,000

Under $100,000

EXPENDITURE – PRINT JOURNALS

Under $50,000

$50,001 - $100,000

$100,001 - $250,000

$250,001 - $500,000

54.5%

22.7%

9.1%

13.6%

$100,001 - $250,000

$50,001 - $100,000

$250,001 - $500,000

Under $50,000

CURRENT SUBSCRIPTIONS – PRINT

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

Under 500 501 - 1,000 1,001 - 2,000 2,001 - 5,000

EXPENDITURE FOR ELECTRONIC RESOURCES (INCLUDING E-JOURNALS)

27.3%

18.2%

22.7%

18.2%

9.1%

4.5%

$250,001 - $500,000

Under $50,000

Over $1,000,000

$100,001 - $250,000

$500,001 - $1,000,000

$50,001 - $100,000

Under $50,000 $50,001 - $100,000 $100,001 - $250,000 $250,001 - $500,000 $500,001 -$1,000,000

Over $1,000,000

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

DECISION MAKING – WHO

CANCELLATION –PRINT JOURNALS

90.5%

52.4%

33.3%

14.3%

9.5%

Library Committee

Faculty

Librarians

Librarian/Faculty Committee

Library Administrators

CANCELLATION E-JOURNALS

95.2%

57.1%

33.3%

14.3%

4.8%

Library Committee

Faculty

Librarians

Librarian/Faculty Committee

Library Administrators

DECISION MAKING – WHY

GENERAL CANCELLATION FACTORS

81.8% 18

81.8% 18

63.6% 14

54.5% 12

45.5% 10

40.9% 9

31.8% 7

27.3% 6

27.3% 6

27.3% 6

Redundancy

Print used less than electronic

Usage statistics

Change in curriculum

Subscription cost

Space

Faculty recommendation

Electronic preferred by students

Budget reduction

Confidence in perpetual access

CANCEL PRINT WHEN INCLUDED IN AGGREGATOR

81.8%

81.8%

72.7%

54.5%

45.5%

40.9%

31.8%

31.8%

27.3%

18.2%

Subscription cost

Space

Faculty recommendation

Budget reduction

Confidence in perpetual access

Electronic preferred by students

Change in curriculum

Redundancy

Print used less than electronic

Usage statistics

SELECTED AGGREGATORS SUBSCRIBED

100.0%

90.5%

81.0%

81.0%

76.2%

71.4%

38.1%

33.3%

4.8%

4.8%

PsycArticles

JSTOR

Education Index Full-Text

Readers' Guide Full Text

BioOne

Business Source Premier

Academic Search Premier

ERIC

Universal Database of Social Sciences and

Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe

SUMMARY

• All libraries face the same issues and wrestle with the same concerns, “it’s just a

matter of scale”

• Primary decision-makers are the same across libraries

– Librarians

– Faculty

– Library administrators

• Cancellation decisions based on same criteria across libraries

– Subscription cost

– Electronic preferred by students

– Redundancy

– Budget cuts

– Print used less than electronic

FINAL THOUGHTS

• Some concerns have not been resolved even after 20 years or more of discussion

– Complete confidence in archival access

– Perpetual access to content in titles previously available in aggregators

– Cooperative collection development (either within or across consortia)

• Enduring issues

– Rising subscription costs outstrip budgets

– Space for bound journals is shrinking

• Need to repurpose library stack areas for new programs/initiatives

• Not practical to keep building more and more off-site storage facilities

• Future concerns?