Characteristics of Life Tuesday, December 08, 2015 1 © Ryan Barrow 2008.

Characteristics Characteristics of Lifeof Life

Friday, April 21, 2023 1© Ryan Barrow 2008

ObjectivesObjectives


Characteristics of LifeCharacteristics of Life

There is no one definition of life that There is no one definition of life that is accepted by scientists.is accepted by scientists.

However, life is defined by the However, life is defined by the properties and functions properties and functions characteristic of living thingscharacteristic of living things

Life Functions {Properties of Life} Life Functions {Properties of Life} are the various activities carried on are the various activities carried on by living things.by living things.


Properties of LifeProperties of Life

OrderOrder ReproductionReproduction Growth and Growth and

DevelopmentDevelopment NutritionNutrition

Energy UtilizationEnergy Utilization RespirationRespiration

Response to Response to StimuliStimuli


OrderOrder All other All other

characteristics of life characteristics of life emerge from an emerge from an organismorganism’’s complex s complex organizationorganization Made up of cellsMade up of cells

A single cell can be an A single cell can be an organismorganism BacteriaBacteria UnicellularUnicellular

Most organisms are Most organisms are multicellularmulticellular


Energy UtilizationEnergy Utilization

Energy is used to grow, develop and Energy is used to grow, develop and reproducereproduce

AnabolismAnabolism Process in a living thing that involves Process in a living thing that involves

putting things together, or synthesizing putting things together, or synthesizing complex substances from simpler complex substances from simpler substancessubstances PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis

Photo = LightPhoto = Light Synthesis = put togetherSynthesis = put together


Energy Utilization #2Energy Utilization #2

CatabolismCatabolism Changing complex substances into Changing complex substances into

simpler onessimpler ones Results in a release of energyResults in a release of energy Can animals perform photosynthesis?Can animals perform photosynthesis?

MetabolismMetabolism The total sum of all chemical reactions The total sum of all chemical reactions

in the bodyin the body The balance of anabolism and catabolismThe balance of anabolism and catabolism


Growth and DevelopmentGrowth and Development Growth involves the increase in cell number Growth involves the increase in cell number

and cell sizeand cell size What growth spurt are you going through What growth spurt are you going through

right now?right now? When does an organism stop When does an organism stop

growing/developing?growing/developing? What tells our body that it is time for a cell to die?What tells our body that it is time for a cell to die? How often do humans replace every cell in their How often do humans replace every cell in their

body?body? Growth-->Aging-->DeathGrowth-->Aging-->Death

How can you tell when a tree has died?`How can you tell when a tree has died?`


ReproductionReproduction The sexual or asexual The sexual or asexual

process by which process by which organisms generate new organisms generate new individuals of the same individuals of the same kind.kind. CellularCellular

AsexualAsexual The Cell CycleThe Cell Cycle

MitosisMitosis SexualSexual

MeiosisMeiosis

OrganismOrganism AsexualAsexual

BuddingBudding

Sexual ReproductionSexual Reproduction SexSex


Organism Sexual Organism Sexual Reproduction*Reproduction*

PlantsPlants DicotyledonDicotyledon

A type of A type of floweringflowering plant that contains plant that contains both sperm and both sperm and eggseggs


Organism Sexual Organism Sexual ReproductionReproduction

*Plants*Plants FertilizationFertilization

Self Self PollinationPollinationTransfer of Transfer of pollen (sperm) pollen (sperm) from an from an anther to a anther to a stigma of the stigma of the samesame flower. flower.


Sexual ReproductionSexual ReproductionPlantsPlants

FertilizationFertilization Cross Cross

PollinationPollination The transfer of The transfer of

pollen from an pollen from an anther of the anther of the flower of one flower of one plant to a stigma plant to a stigma of the flower of of the flower of anotheranother plant. plant.


Response to Response to Stimuli/EnvironmentStimuli/Environment

Involves behaviors, metabolism and Involves behaviors, metabolism and growthgrowth

What are some environmental What are some environmental pressures that you, as a human, pressures that you, as a human, respond to?respond to? OdorsOdors LightLight SoundSound TemperatureTemperature


Response to Response to Stimuli/Environment IIStimuli/Environment II

HomeostasisHomeostasis Process by which organisms respond to stimuli in ways Process by which organisms respond to stimuli in ways

that keep their body suitable for lifethat keep their body suitable for life Refers to an organismRefers to an organism’’s ability to maintain a constant or s ability to maintain a constant or

stable conditionstable condition Regulation mechanism to maintain an organisms Regulation mechanism to maintain an organisms

internal environmentinternal environment Provides capacity to evolve--Provides capacity to evolve--””micro-evolutionmicro-evolution””

How does the human body respond in a hot How does the human body respond in a hot environment?environment?

What household appliance provides a great What household appliance provides a great example of homeostasis?example of homeostasis?


Characteristics of Life Tuesday, December 08, 2015 1 © Ryan Barrow 2008.

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