Characteristics of a Roman Triumph - VROMA :: Homersellers/ovidtriumphpp.pdf · Triumph – the...
Transcript of Characteristics of a Roman Triumph - VROMA :: Homersellers/ovidtriumphpp.pdf · Triumph – the...
Triumph – the official procession (pompa triumphalis) of a Roman general who had won a major military victory
The senate had to give permission for the general to retain imperium inside the city
In the early days of the Roman Republic, a triumph could only be celebrated if 5000 enemy soldiers were killed and the war was terminated
Reserved for a praetor, consul, or dictator
In the late Republic and Empire, though, the rules were subject to interpretation
Procession entered Rome at the Porta
Triumphalis on the Campus Martius
Ended at the Temple of Jupiter on the
Capitoline Hill
The triumphator would dress in an elaborate
red or purple toga and paint his face red
Red face = Jupiter
Triumphator would ride in a four-horse
chariot (quadriga)
A slave would ride with him, holding a laurel
wreath over his head and reminding him of
his mortality
Te hominem esse
memento!
Other features of the triumph:
Prisoners of war
Spoils of war
Roman soldiers on parade
Animals for sacrifice
Musicians
Banners, paintings of battle landscapes, etc.
Those who celebrate a triumph temporarily stay the executions of the enemy's leaders so that the people of Rome can witness the beautiful spectacle and the reward of victory when these men are paraded in the triumph. But when the wagons in the procession begin their turn from the Forum to the Capitoline, they order the captive leaders to be led into the prison (carcer) to their death. Thus does one same day put an end to both the command of the victorious general and the life of the defeated foe.
Cicero, Against Verres 5.77
Slide 3 – Temple of Jupiter on Capitoline Hill:
http://www.robertabarresi.com/Vitruviusbook3Chap3.html
Slide 4 – Map of triumphal procession
http://hannibalbarca.webspace.virginmedia.com/rome-triumph.htm
Slides 5 and 6 – Triumph of Caesar in HBO’s Rome:
http://sites.duke.edu/clst182_01_f2012/?attachment_id=29
Slide 9 – The Triumph of Aemilius Paulus - Vernet, 1789:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Triumph_of_Aemilius_Paulus_%28detail%29.jpg
Slide 9 – Triumph of Bacchus – Mosaic, Sousse:
http://www.the-goldenrule.name/Dionysus_ART-Pagan.htm
Slide 10 – Triumphal procession on Arch of Titus:
http://legacy.earlham.edu/~vanbma/20th%20century/images/AAFXPMP0.jpg
Slide 11 – Chariot of Titus on the Arch of Titus:
http://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/titus/titus.html
Slide 12 – Illustration of the Arch of Titus in construction - Cambridge Latin Series, Stage 29:
http://www.cambridgescp.com/ws2_php/ws2_image_page.php?galleryNumber=5&image FileName=s29_arch_scaffold.jpg&imageTitle=Arch%20of%20Titus
Slide 12 – Arch of Titus illustration:
http://www.utexas.edu/courses/ancientfilmCC304/lecture31/detail.php?linenum=19
Slide 13 – Arch of Titus photograph:
http://culturedart.blogspot.com/2010/12/arch-of-titus.html
Slide 14 – Parc du Cinquantenaire, Brussels, Belgium:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/wrightfamilyarchives/5170914071/sizes/z/in/photostrea
m/
Slide 15 – Closeup of chariot on Parc du Cinquantenaire monument:
http://mjfenn.hubpages.com/hub/Visiting-the-Triumphal-Arch-at-the-Parc-du-
CinquantenaireJubelpark-Brussels-an-expression-of-confidence-in-Belgium
Slide 16 – Minnesota State Capitol, St. Paul, Minnesota, 1905:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Minnesota_State_Capitol.jpg
Slide 17 – Quadriga detail – Sculpture by Daniel Chester French and Edward French, 1906 - Copper,
with a gold covering
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Progress_of_the_State.jpg
Beard, Mary. The Roman Triumph. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2007.
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities:
http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/SMIGRA*/Triumphus.html