CHAPTER2 Beginning with the Self

8/7/2019 CHAPTER2 Beginning with the Self

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CHAPTER 2

BEGINNING WITH THE SELF


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U CS1393 Career in InformationSciences and Engineering 2

Four Development Areas of Self

1. Physical Self Appearance and condition of the body make upthe physical self.

Most employers are impressed with individualswho are clean and neat and who make an effort topresent their best appearance.

Wellness is a high degree of physical and mentalwell-being. Health is a significant factor in career success.


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Four Development Areas

of Self (cont.)

2. Mental/Cognitive Self Intelligence Can be thought of as mental ability and is usually

assessed on tests of language, mathematical, andreasoning abilities.

You may have a high IQ, which reflects a score on a

certain test; however, this probably wont matter asmuch as your eagerness to learn and your ability tosolve problems.


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Four Development Areas of Self (cont.)

Academic achievement is usually the result of a highdegree of motivation. Those who truly want to do well

frequently do. Employers tend to believe that if youwere motivated to achieve educational success, you willbehave similarly on the job.

Being curious or confused and then asking meaningfulquestions set the stage for learning. Asking questionson the job is expected. If youre hesitant about askingquestions, begin to look upon them as ways to learn andthen overcome your reluctance.


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of Self (cont.)

Thinking The ability to activate and then pursue mental activity,

is necessary in any job. Certain occupations demand creative thinking, the

ability to generate new ideas; others require criticalthinking, an aptitude for probing deeper and examining

the logic of differing points. Alertness, flexibility, and a keen desire to exercise your brain are critical elements in career development. Theyalso affect life satisfaction.


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of Self (cont.)

Attitude A state of mind that is reflected of how we approach

life. Creating and keeping a positive attitude toward your work, your employer, and life in general has the mostprofound impact on career success.

You can still have a positive attitude and realize that

life is not absolutely wonderful all the time. Beingpositive means that you look on the brighter side of events, that you are more up than down, and thatyou usually feel responsible and in control of yourself.


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Emphasize solutions, and not just problems. Positive people are generally energetic, motivated, and

alert, with a marvelous zest for life. People tend to avoid miserable and negative people. Employers want people with positive attitudes because

they personally contribute a great deal and also serve as

invaluable role models. A person with negative attitude can infect other employees.


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UCS1393 Career in InformationSciences and Engineering 8


Self-fulfilling Prophecies Beliefs about the self have a tremendous impact.

Self-fulfilling prophecies are beliefs that are acted outand, thus, confirmed.

Eg. Ali believed he was persuasive. He convinced hissupervisor to try an idea that could save money for the

company. Examine your self-fulfilling prophecies. Keep the ones

that are useful and change those that are not.


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Four Development Areas of

Self (cont.)

Cognitive Restructuring Thoughts also influence your emotions.

Your thoughts can either cause or at least contribute tothe feeling of depression or dejection.

Cognitive restructuring (or known as thought changing)is an effective technique to influence your emotion.

Think of a recent less-than-positive thought, thenchange it to a positive one. How could your emotionshave been different?


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Eg. Siti interviewed for a job she really wanted and wastold that someone else was selected. She immediately

thought, Either I didnt do interview well, or they justdont like me. This is probably the way my job searchis going to go. As a result of her thoughts, she feelsdejected and hopeless. Instead she could tell herself Just because I wasnt selected doesnt mean I didnt

interview well or that they didnt like me. Ill think of this as a learning experience and keep looking.Obviously, her feelings of dejection and hopelessnesswould disappear.


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3. Emotional Self Human beings are emotional, and our feelingsboth enrich and disturb our lives.

Emotion such as happiness, sadness, concern,pride, anger, and excitement bring texture andcolor to human existence.

Complex is a common way of describing theemotional self.

Many people find it difficult to get in touch withtheir feelings, and they may not know what canoccur in the presence of emotion.


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Three components are possible when emotion isexperienced:

1st: Physiological arousal or response. Nervous system, various glands, and organs within the

body are active during an emotional state. Eg. Blushed in an embarrassing situation.

2nd: Subjective cognitive state awareness and

appraisal of the feeling.- When youre happy, you may not be aware of physiological arousal; yet, you just know youreexperiencing happiness.


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3rd: Expression Observable verbal ornonverbal behaviors.

Expression of emotion can help or hinder people intheir careers.

Eg. Facial expressions can reveal what youre feeling.If you look friendly, interested, and enthusiastic, you

are much more likely to get and keep a job. Expressing your feelings can lead to emotional well-

being and enhanced relationships.


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Four Development Areasof Self (cont.)

4. Social Self Who you are in relation to others and how youinteract are vital to your well-being and willsignificantly affect career development.

Teamwork is required in todays work world, sothe ability to get along with others is essential.

You and other individuals create what can becalled a social climate. Its influence is either positive or negative.


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Conflicts occur; yet, congenial people whogenuinely like others can manage disagreements

effectively. A social self with an appropriate sense of humor, acooperative attitude, sensitivity, and fairness is aplus.

Common interview question: How well do you getalong with people?


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Four Development Areas of Self TheWhole Self

The 4 developmental areas comprise a whole. Having problems in one area of self usually diminishes one

or more of the other 3. The good news is that a positivespillover effect also occurs.

Striving for a whole integrated self is a worthy goal.Additionally seeking balance deserves attention.

Some people devote a great deal of time and energy totheir mental self yet exclude their social development andare strangers to their feelings. Others have vigorous sociallives to the detriment of their physical and mental well-being.

Can you remember a time you didnt feel well physically?What were you like mentally, emotionally, and socially?


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Personality Types

Personality - The unique you, a distinctivepattern of behaving, thinking and feeling.

Dr. Carl Jung, a pioneer in psychological types,believed that behavioral differences are based onthe ways people approach life.

Based on Carl Jungs typology with some of their own refinements, Isabel Myers and her mother,Katharine C. Briggs, developed the Myers-BriggsType Indicator (MBTI).


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Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

It has been extensively applied in education,business, the artistic world, and decision making.

The indicator focuses on positive aspects andpreferences for thinking, feeling, and acting. Can be used to make wise decisions about allaspects of life including career choices.

Increases understanding of different behaviorswhich can help us cope with people and their differences constructively.


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Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (cont.)

Extraversion Introversion (E or I) External or internal orientation to the world and source

of life energy. Sensing Intuition (S or N) Ways of taking in and processing information.

Thinking Feeling (T or F)

U se of thought or feelings in decision making. Judgment Perception (J or P)

Modes of dealing with and living in the outer world.


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1. Extraversion(E) / Introversion(I) Extraversion(or known as extroversion) your energy is drawn from external sources including

other people, and you probably project energyoutward. Extraverted and outgoing people prefer to operatein the outer world of people and things.

Introversion having an interest in the inner worldof concepts and ideas. The source of life energy iswithin and comes from solitary experiences.


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Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (cont.) Those with introverted preference reenergize themselves

and dont rely on external stimuli. Interaction drains their energy, and they need to spend time alone rechargingthemselves.

People who prefer extraversion will usually behave in afriendly manner and appear open.

Those who are more introverted usually do not activelyseek out others and may appear to be in their own world;but this doesnt mean they are incapable of friendliness or they are shy or snobbish. They are often skilled withpeople; however they prefer smaller numbers of people,fewer interactions, and opportunity to get to know peoplewell.


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2. Sensing(S) / Intuition(N) Sensing you tend to be realistic, practical,observant, and good at remembering and workingwith a great number of facts.

Intuition you value and use your imagination,have new ideas, and enjoy solving problems.

Sensors (S) are concrete and attuned to detailswhile intuitives (N) are visionary and ablaze withpossibilities and ideas.


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Sensors (S) prefer a systematic step-by-stepprocedure and dont seem to be bothered by

repetition. Intuitives (N) prefer to devise their own methods,will work on several steps or projects at once, andprefer variety. They bored with routine.


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3. Thinking (T) / Feeling (F) Thinking you use logic and decide impersonally.

Feeling you consider anything that matters or isimportant to you or other people and decide in apersonal way.

People with both preferences can care a great deal

about people and believe that their decisions arebased on the right motives.


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4. Judgment(J) / Perception(P) Judgment you prefer living in a planned,decided, orderly way, wanting to regulate life andmaintain control over events.

Planning and preparation are typical behavior.Judgers (J) seek closure and prefer to reach adecision or judgment quickly.

Keyword: organization


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Perception (P) you like living in a flexible,spontaneous way, wanting to understand andadapt to life.

You often go with the flow and like to keepyour options open.

Keyword: adaptability.

The judger(J) probably views the perceiver(P) asdisorganized or flighty, while the perceptive onecould become frustrated with what appears to bean overly organized and inflexible co-worker.


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H ollands Theory and Career Choice John Hollands theory can be summarized in six

statements: Most person are one of six personality types: Realistic,

Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and

Conventional People of the same personality tend to flock together.For example, Artistic people are attracted to makingfriends and working with Artistic people.

People of the same personality type working together ina job create a work environment that fits their type. For example, when Artistic persons are together on a job,they create a work environment that rewards creativethinking and behavior an Artistic environment


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H ollands Theory and Career Choice

(cont.) There are six basic types of work environments:

Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising,and Conventional.

People who choose to work in an environment similar to their personality type are more likely to be satisfiedand successful.

How you act and feel at work depends to a large extenton your work environment. If you are working withpeople who have a personality type like yours, you willbe able to do many of the things they can do, and youwill feel most comfortable with them.


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(cont.) Realistic Type Work Environment

Persons having a Realistic personality type"dominate" this environment. There are more of them than there are people of other personalitytypes. For example, at a construction site there willbe more persons having a "Realistic" personality.

"Realistic" people create a "Realistic"

environment. For example, they particularly valuepeople who are practical and mechanical -- whoare good at working with tools, mechanical or electrical drawings, machines, or animals.


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(cont.)

Examples of occupations that have aRealistic environment are:

Farmer - Forester Fire Fighter - Police Officer Flight Engineer - Pilot Carpenter - Electrician

Diesel Mechanic - Locomotive Engineer Truck Driver - Locksmith


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(cont.)

Investigative Type Work Environment Persons having an Investigative personality type

"dominate" this environment. For example, in ascientific laboratory there will be more personshaving an "Investigative" personality.

"Investigative" people create a "Investigative"environment. For example, they particularly valuepeople who are precise, scientific, and intellectual-- who are good at understanding and solvingscience and math problems.


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(cont.)

Examples of occupations that have anInvestigative environment are:

Chemist - Mathematician Meteorologist - Biologist Dentist - Physician Veterinarian - Pharmacist

Medical Technician - Architect Surveyor - Electrical Technician


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(cont.) Artistic Type Work Environment

Persons having an Artistic personality type"dominate" this environment. For example, amonga group of professional musicians there will bemore persons of an "Artistic" personality.

"Artistic" people create an "Artistic" environment.For example, they particularly value people who

are expressive, original, and independent -- whohave good artistic abilities in creative writing,drama, crafts, music, or art.


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(cont.)

Examples of occupations that have an Artisticenvironment are:

Dancer - Book Editor Art Teacher - Clothes Designer Graphic Designer - Comedian Actor - Disk Jockey

Composer - Musician


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(cont.)

Social Type Work Environment Persons having a Social personality type

"dominate" this environment. For example, in ahospital, school, or counseling service there willbe more persons having a "Social" personality.

"Social" people create an "Social" environment.For example, they particularly value people whoare helpful, friendly, and trustworthy -- who aregood at good at teaching, counseling, nursing,giving information, and solving social problems.


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(cont.)

Examples of occupations that have a Socialenvironment are:

Counselor - Parole Officer Social Worker - Dental Hygienist Nurse - Physical Therapist Teacher - Librarian Athletic Trainer


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(cont.)

Enterprising Type Work Environment Persons having an Enterprising personality type

"dominate" this environment. For example, in abusiness or legal setting there will be morepersons having an "Enterprising" personality.

"Enterprising" people create an "Enterprising"environment. For example, they particularly valuepeople who are energetic, ambitious, and sociable-- who are good at politics, leading people andselling things or ideas


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(cont.) Examples of occupations that have aEnterprising environment are:

Auctioneer - Sales Person Travel Agent - Recreation Leader Judge - Lawyer City Manager - Sales Manager Bank President - TV Newscaster Customs Inspector - Camp Director Hotel Manager - Real Estate Agent School Principal


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(cont.) Conventional Type Work Environment

Persons having a Conventional personality type"dominate" this environment. For example, in anoffice of a bank or real estate company there willbe more persons having a "Conventional"personality.

"Conventional" people create an "Conventional"environment. For example, they particularly valuepeople who are orderly, and good at following aset plan -- good at working with written recordsand numbers in a systematic, orderly way.


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(cont.)

Examples of occupations that have aConventional environment are:

Court Clerk - Secretary Bookkeeper - Bank Teller Post Office Clerk - Mail Carrier Typist - Title Examiner

Timekeeper


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(cont.) Holland classifies people into 6 different groupsthat can then be matched to career fields.

Hollands Self-Directed Search (SDS), revealsyour type, which could be realistic (R),investigative (I), artistic (A), social (S),enterprising (E), or conventional (C).


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Attribute Realistic Investigative Artistic Social H elping Enterpr ising Conventional

Preferences

for activitiesandoccupations

Manipulation of

machines, tools,and things

Exploration,

understanding, andprediction or control of natural and socialphenomena

Literary, musical,

or artisticactivities

Teaching,

treating,counseling, or serving othersthrough personalinteraction

Persuading,

manipulating, or directing others

Establishing or

maintaining orderlyroutines,application of standards

Values Material rewardsfor tangibleaccomplishments

Development or acquisition of knowledge

Creativeexpression of ideas, emotions,or sentiments

Fostering thewelfare of others,social service

Materialaccomplishment andsocial status

Material or financialaccomplishmentand power in social, business, or political arenas

Sees self as Practical,conservative, andhaving manualand mechanicalskills lackingsocial skills

Analytical, intelligent,skeptical, and havingacademic talent lackinginterpersonal skills

Open toexperience,innovative,intellectual lacking clericalor office skills

Empathic,patient, andhavinginterpersonalskills lackingmechanicalability

Having sales andpersuasive ability lacking scientificability

Having technicalskills in business or production lacking artisticcompetencies

Others see as Normal, frank Asocial, intellectual U nconventional,disorderly

creative

Nurturing,agreeable,

extroverted

Energetic,gregarious

Careful,conforming

Avoids Interaction withpeople

Persuasion or salesactivities

Routines andconformity toestablished

Mechanical andtechnical activity

Scientific,intellectual, or abstruse topics

Ambiguous or unstructuredundertakings

Personality Type

CHAPTER2 Beginning with the Self

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