CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION A. INTRODUCTION · 2019. 8. 1. · The dialogue occurs in...

39

CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

A. INTRODUCTION

This chapter contains three parts. The first part is the introduction. It gives

the information of the data that will be analyzed, that is about suggesting

expressions employed by the characters in the film The Bank Job. The second is

data analysis. In this research data analysis focuses on analyzing the types of

suggestions based on Liu and Zhao‟s category and the politeness strategy of

Brown and Levinson as the choice the characters to employ suggesting

expression. The third is the discussion. It provides the discussion of some finding

the data analysis that is relevant to the research objectives.

B. DATA ANALYSIS

The data analysis in this research is completed in four steps. Firstly, the

analysis is started by describing the context of situation of the dialogue containing

suggesting expressions. Then, the analysis is done by classifying suggesting

expressions based on Liu and Zhao‟s category. The suggesting expressions are

typed bold in order to make the reader easier to find suggesting expression in a

dialogue. Thirdly, the analysis is continued by finding the politeness strategy of

Brown and Levinson. Finally, the analysis is conducted by identifying the reason

for the characters in employing the particular strategy to express suggestions.

From the film The Bank Job, there are 25 data containing some types of

suggesting expressions of Liu and Zhao‟s category that are employed by various

40

politeness strategies of Brown and Levinson. The analyses of each datum are

presented as follows.

The dialogue occurs in Terry‟s car garage in the morning. It happens

between Terry Leather and Inggrid Burton. Terry is the owner of the car-sales

garage. He has two employees; they are Eddie as the mechanic and Inggrid as the

administrator. In this scene, Terry as a boss approaches Inggrid in her

administration room. He asks about Inggrid‟s marriage which will be held on

tomorrow with her beloved man, Eddie. So, Terry gives suggestion to Inggrid to

prepare her marriage.

Terry : So, you're getting married tomorrow, Ingrid?

Inggrid: I hope so.

Terry : Go on, get off now. Go make yourself more beautiful than you

already are. If that's possible. (Datum 01/DS/BR (00:01:41))

According to the bold sentence, it is found that Terry utters direct

suggestion to Inggrid. He suggests to Inggrid to do something in which in this

case Inggrid has a chance for not complying his suggestion. Terry says “Go on,

get off now. Go make yourself more beautiful than you already are. If that's

possible” to Inggrid. It means that Terry allows Inggrid to get off her duty in

order to prepare her marriage that will be held in tomorrow. In addition, Terry

expresses direct suggestion by using imperative. In imperative form, the

perlocutionary act of suggestion would be “do it as you are told”. Based on the

context, Inggrid comply Terry‟s suggestion that benefit for herself. In addition,

imperative category means that the utterance of suggestion is clearer and more

41

assertive. Therefore, Inggrid does not have choice to ignore what Terry says.

However, in the last utterance “If that‟s possible”, it indicates that Terry gives

chance to Inggrid whether can comply his suggestion or not. Terry really wants to

give spending time to Inggrid for preparing her marriage so that she looks more

beautiful as a bride.

Terry‟s utterance is categorized into bald-on record strategy. This involves

the condition of sympathetic advice and urgency situation. In this case, Terry

permits Inggrid to get off her duty and hurry up to prepare her marriage. Terry

conveys this utterance with no redress is required. Besides, Terry employs this

suggestion because the urgent situation. Inggrid is still working while she does not

already prepare her appearance for her marriage tomorrow.

Terry decides to use bald-on record strategy to utter his suggestion because

he has more powerful than Inggrid. As a boss in his car garage, Terry is higher

status than Inggrid. Hence, he has more authority to express his suggestion

directly. Besides, although their status is different, Terry always treats Inggrid

properly like they have an equal position. Terry tries to make a good relationship

between him and his employees in his car garage.

The conversation takes place on the court. Michael is a black militant

gangster who uses the compromising photos of a member of the British Royal

Family (in the film, Princess Margaret) to avoid trouble with the Metropolitan

Police. In this scene, he does kidnapping, extortion, assault on Mr. Brown because

he does not accept Mr. Brown‟s behaviour in which charging outrageous rents to

42

his brothers and sisters. Because of his rude attitude, Michael has to deal with the

court. Then, his lawyer gives the suggestion that he has not hope to break jail.

Lawyer : Michael, I don't think we should get our hopes up here. (Datum

02/IS/NP (00:06:01)). Kidnappning, extortion, assault on this man Brown

here, as well as your previous problems with the law, I mean...You could be

looking at 10 to 20 years, I'd say.

Michael : I don't think so. I am smarter and better protected than whitey

thinks.

The bold sentence uttered by the lawyer shows that he employs indirect

suggestion. By uttering “we should get our hopes up here”, the lawyer gives the

reminder that Michael has not hope to break the jail because he does kidnapping,

extortion, and assault on Mr. Brown. However, in this case, Michael is not

obligated to satisfy the lawyer‟s suggestion. Further, this kind of indirect

suggestion is categorized into modal with agents other than you. Based on the Liu

and Zhao‟s theory, “we” as the subject of the sentence is one of the characteristics

into modal with agents other than you category. The word „we‟ indicates that the

speaker indirectly toward to interlocutor.

In uttering his suggestion to Michael, the lawyer uses negative politeness.

Negative politeness is applied because he tries to minimize imposition on the

hearer by using “we” as the subject of his utterance. It can be seen when he says „I

don't think we should get our hopes up here‟. By applying this strategy, the

lawyer wants to make Michael unimpeded by the refusal of suggestion.

43

The lawyer employs negative politeness strategy because of the distant

relationship between the lawyer and Michael. Thomas (1995) states that people

tend to apply indirect utterance to the hearer who has the distant relationship with

them. Besides, power also involves the use of negative politeness. The lawyer has

expert power than Michael because the lawyer has more knowledge about the law

rules.

The conversation takes place in Miles‟s office. Tim is the agent of Mi5 –

secret agent in England that has a boss in his office, Miles Urguart. In the scene,

Miles calls Tim in his office. Miles and his friend, Philip, tell about Michael X as

their target in their mission. Michael X has taken the damning photographs of

certain royal personage. He has managed to keep himself out of jail by threatening

to release damning photos of a certain royal personage in Llyod Bank, London.

The police and the public prosecutor can not handle this problem if the photos are

not found by them as soon as possible. Hence, Miles asks Tim to take those

photos in the bank. He also wants to Tim that this mission is not connection with

Mi5 or Mi6.

Miles : That would have to be sanctioned at the highest level, and that‟s

not going to happen. Do you see our problem? There can be no connection to

5 or 6.

Tim : So you want me to come up with something devoid any

accountability for anyone. (Datum 03/DS/PP (00:07:36))

Miles : We'd welcome suggestions, Tim.

44

Tim : And if it all goes pear-shaped (wrong), I assume it's my arse on

the line.

The sentence typed in bold characters shows that Tim utters direct

suggesting expression. Further, this kind of direct suggestion can be classified into

want-structure. In this situation, after telling the case of Michael X, Miles

commands Tim to take the damning photo of a certain royal personage which is

kept in a safe deposit box by Michael X at the Llyods Bank in Marylebone,

London. By doing this mission, Tim will send a team into this bank and take

whatever he is got in this safe deposit box. However, Miles does not want to

connect with this case. Thus, Tim utters direct suggestion, namely want-

structures. The direct suggesting expression is shown by the words „you want me

to come up with something devoid any accountability for anyone‟ expressed

by Tim. The word „you‟ indicates this utterance is directly toward to interlocutor.

Tim utters this suggestion because he knows that Miles does not want involve in

this case. So, Tim gives the statement that if this case goes wrong, it is his

responsibility.

In expressing the suggestion, Tim employs positive politeness particularly

applies notice the hearer‟s wants. Tim conveys this utterance because Tim notice

of aspect of hearer‟s wants. He knows that Miles does not want to be responsible

if this mission is fail.

Tim decides to use positive politeness strategy to utter his suggestion

because of their status relationship. Miles is Tim‟s boss so that Tim utters with

smother suggestion to his boss. Besides, the close relationship between them also

45

influences making their utterance. They are in the limit of the profession

relationship. Although their status is different, Tim tries to make a good

relationship between him and his boss.

This conversation takes place in Player’s Club between Martine and Terry.

In the scene, Martine gives the opportunity to Terry for paying his debt through

bank robbery. Martine explains that the robbery does not use a water pistol at

cashier‟s head but they will get into the basement where the deposit boxes are.

Terry still considers it. After explaining it, Martine allows Terry to go to Eddie‟s

stag party.

Martine : You better get off to your stag party. (Datum 04/DS/BR

(00:11:10))

Terry : Thanks for the drink

The bold sentence uttered by Martine can be categorized into direct

suggesting expression. Further, this kind of direct suggestion can be classified into

imperative. Martine is suggesting Terry go somewhere that he plans before to

meet up with Martine. In this situation, Martine allows Terry to go his stag party

with his friends.

Martine expresses her suggestion to Terry by using bald on record

strategy. It is proved that she utters her intention directly by using imperative

sentence. The use of the word you also emphasizes that Martine baldly expresses

her intention to Terry, Martine wants Terry to hurry up to his stag party. Then,

46

this kind of strategy belongs to the cases of channel limitation especially time

limitation which insists the speaker, Martine, to speak with maximum efficiency.

Martine uses bald on record strategy primarily because of the time

limitation they have. In this context, Martine understands that Terry is in the

situation which forces his to do an action to hurry up for attending the party. This

makes Martine baldly utters her intention to Terry. Besides, Martine uses this kind

of strategy because she considers that they have known each other well.

The conversation takes place in the Eddie and Inggrid‟s wedding party.

Martine approaches Terry, Dave, and Kevin, to ascertain whether they will join

the bank robber or not. Surprisingly, Terry and his friends agree and want to join

this robbery. However, Terry suggests checking the bank location first and opens

their box or deposit in the bank.

Martine : So, what's the verdict, boys?

Terry : We're interested. First thing we should dois take a look at the

place, suss (check) it out. Maybe open a box of our own. (Datum 05/IS/PP

(00:20:52))

Martine : I‟ve already done that. We can go and have a look tomorrow.

Terry : Tomorrow it is.

The bold sentence uttered by Terry shows that he employs indirect

suggesting expression. Based on the context, after accepting the Martine‟s offer of

the bank robbery, Terry suggests to his friends to check the location first. Terry

expresses suggestion using indirect suggestion, namely modals with agents other

than you. The indirect suggesting expression is shown by using “we” as the

47

subject. The word „we‟ indicates that the speaker expressesindirectly toward to

interlocutor.

In uttering his suggestion, Terry employs positive politeness strategy.

From the bold utterance, it is found that Terry involves himself and Martine in

this activity. The use of the word “we” indicates that Terry wants to involve

himself and Martine to check the bank location first.

Terry decides using positive politeness strategy in uttering his suggestion

because he wants to reduce the hearer‟s positive face. Besides, Terry uses this

kind of strategy because he considers that they have known each other well.

Hence, he utters the suggestion by saving Martine‟s face. He also wants to create

a good relationship with Martine.

The conversation takes place in the secret building where they plan the

bank robbery. After checking the bank location and taking the photos of the places

around the bank, Martine, Terry, Kevin and Dave look their photos and Martine‟s

map. Martine explains where the bank located.

Martine : Here we go. Marylebone Road and Baker Street, on the corner

here is the bank, next door is the Chicken Inn and at 189, Le Sac. In the back

is an underground car park with direct access to the shop‟s basements. We can

pull in here from Glentworth Street into the car park for drop-offs and

pickups without being seen from the street. (Datum 06/IS/PP (00:26:35))

Terry : We'll dig a tunnel from the basement of the shop under the

Chicken Inn and pop up in the safe deposit vault.

48

From the bold sentence uttered by Martine, it can be shown that she

employs a suggestion. Because of her information that is gotten from Tim,

Martine has more knowledge and information about the location of the bank so

that Martine suggests to her friends about the strategy reach into the bank vault

without anyone known. Martine expresses suggestion using indirect suggestion,

namely modals with agents other than you. The indirect suggesting expression is

shown by the words „we can‟ expressed by Martine. The word „we‟ indicates that

the speaker uttersindirectly toward to interlocutor.

Martine expresses indirect suggesting expression by applying positive

politeness. Positive politeness is applied by Martine because she involves herself

and her friends in her suggestion so that she reduces of the hearer‟s positive face.

Based on the context, Martine asks her friends to do their plans together.

The main reason for employing positive politeness strategy in performing

suggestion is because the close relationship between the speaker and the hearer.

Martine and her friends (Terry, Dave, and Kevin) has intimate friend. Hence, she

utters the suggestion by saving her friends‟ face.

The conversation takes place in the secret room which Martine and her

friends discuss the bank robbery plan. The participants of the conversation are

Bambas, Martine, Kevin and Dave. All of them are friends who have similar

mission. In this scene, Bambas explains the equipment to use for digging into the

vault. In the middle of discussing, Dave gives suggestions about someone who

can do the digging.

49

Bambas : There's going to be reinforced concrete under the vault. We're

going to need a thermic lance, a jackhammer, a generator, lights, ropes, cables,

and the works.

Martine : It's about 40 feet (13m) of digging before we're under the bank.

Dave : We can hire some Micks (Irishmen) from Camden Town to

do the digging. (Datum 07/IS/PP (00:27:45))

Kevin : That's brilliant, Dave

From the bold sentence, it is prove that Dave employs suggestion to his

friends. Dave gives suggestion about someone who can do the digging to his

friends. He performs a locutionary act “We can hire some Micks (Irishmen)

from Camden Town to do the digging”. He uses indirect suggestion because he

uses „inclusive we‟ as subject/ agent in his utterance. It indicates that he indirectly

suggest that he and his friends can hire someone in their team. In addition, he uses

modals with agents other than you category of indirect suggestion. This utterance

is supported by Liu and Zhao theory that the speaker switched the focus away

from the hearer thus saving the hearer‟s face. The speaker makes this utterance

softer tone and more tactful so that the hearer receive less imposing in their

impact.

In uttering his suggestion to his friends, Dave applied positive politeness

to include both speaker and hearer in the activity. It supports Brown and

Levinson‟s theory that positive politeness is used by the speaker include in the

activity with the hearer namely inclusive „we‟ form.

50

The factor that influences Dave to use positive politeness is because of

their close relationship as friends. By involving the bank robber member, Dave

contributes in this discussion with giving suggestion to his friends that he has a

good idea to hire someone who is responsible for digging the tunnel.

The conversation takes place in the secret building where they make the

robber plan. Bambas who is responsible for digging the tunnel is hired by Terry.

However, Martine feels that this job is shortage of a front man who can sign the

lease on the Le Sac shop and looks the business. Then, Terry knows someone

suitable to do that job.

Martine : But we gonna need a front man on this, someone who can sign

the lease on the shop and looks the business. (Datum 08/IS/PP (00:28:35))

Terry : I know someone, Guy Singer. Calls himself "The Major".

From the datum above, it is evident that the sentences typed in the bold

character belong to indirect suggesting expression. The suggestion uttered by

Martine can be subsumed into modals with other than you category. In this case,

Martine performs a locutionary act “But wegonna need a front man on this,

someone who can sign the lease on the shop and looks the business”. It means

that Martine and her friends need to a front man who can sign the lease on the

shop and looks the business.She uses indirect suggestion because she uses

„inclusive we‟ as subject/ agent in his utterance. It indicates that she indirectly

suggest that her friends can hire someone who signs the lease on the shop in their

team. This utterance is supported by Liu and Zhao theory that the speaker

51

switched the focus away from the hearer thus saving the hearer‟s face. The

speaker makes this utterance softer tone and more tactful so that the hearer receive

less imposing in their impact.

In uttering her suggestion to her friends, Martine applied positive

politeness to include both speaker and hearer in the activity. It supports Brown

and Levinson‟s theory that positive politeness is used by the speaker include in

the activity with the hearer namely inclusive „we‟ form.

Martine chooses positive politeness strategy in uttering her suggestion

primarily because of their close relationship as friends. Martine contributes in this

discussion by giving suggestion to her friends that she has a good idea to hire

someone who signs the lease on the shop and looks the business.

The conversation takes place in Terry‟s car garage. The participants of

the conversation are Perky as the debt collector and Inggrid as the administrator in

Terry‟s car garage. In this scene, Perky and his friend, Pinky, suddenly take the

key of car by damaging the key car box in Inggrid‟s room. Automatically, Inggrid

shock about their behaviour. Then, Perky gives the suggestion to Terry indirectly

about the way to put that key through Inggrid.

Perky : Sit down, luv.

Inggrid : What do you think you're doing?

Perky : Taking the E (Jaguar E-Type) for a test drive. Tell your boss, he

can have his inventory back when he settles Mr.Jessul's debt. And it'd better

52

be soon or we'll be back to tap through his kneecaps. (Datum 09/IS/NP

(00:29:40)). If I was you two, I was looking for another job.

According to the datum, it is prove that Perky utters indirect suggesting

expression. Based on the context, Perky and his friend come to Terry‟s car

workshop to take the Jaguar E-Type car because Terry has debt to Mr.Jessul and

he does not pay yet. So Perky and Pinky take Terry‟s car for guaranty. In Terry‟s

car garage, there is not Terry but there are his employees, Inggrid and Eddie.

Perky has suggestion to Terry that if he gets back his car, he must pay his debt to

Mr.Jessul. However, Perky does not give the suggestion to Terry directly but he

says it through Inggrid. Perky utter his suggestion “it'd better be soon or we'll

be back to tap through his kneecaps.” It means that Terry should pay his debt as

soon as possible. If he can not pay his debt, he gets his consequence. In addition,

he uses modals with agents other than you category of indirect suggestion. This

utterance is supported by Liu and Zhao theory that the speaker switches the focus

away from the hearer thus saving the hearer‟s face. The speaker makes this

utterance softer tone and more tactful so that the hearer receive less imposing in

their impact.

In uttering his suggestion to Inggrid, Perky applied negative politeness by

applying be conventionally indirect utterance. From his suggestion, Perky wants

to Inggrid to deliver the message that Terry must pay his debt as soon as possible

to Mr. Jessul.

53

The factor that influences Perky to use those kinds of acts in his

suggestion to Inggrid is their distant relationship. Perky is for the first time to

meet Inggrid, so they do not know each other before.

The conversation takes place in Terry‟s car garage. The participants of the

conversation are Perky as the debt collector of Mr.Jessul, Inggrid as the

administrator and Eddie as mechanic in Terry‟s car garage. In this scene, after

taking the key of Jaguar E-Type car, Perky and his friend, Pinky, leave from

Inggrid‟s room. In the outside of the workshop, Eddie repairs the car. Then, Perky

gives directly suggestion to Inggrid and Eddie about looking for another job.


Perky : Taking the E (Jaguar E-Type) for a test drive. Tell your boss, he

can have his inventory back when he settles Mr.Jessul's debt. And it'd better

be soon or we'll be back to tap through his kneecaps. If I was you two, I was

looking for another job. (Datum 10/IS/NP (00:29:40))

The bold utterance uttered by Perky shows that he expresses indirect

suggesting expression. Based on the context, this kind of indirect suggesting

expression can be classified into conditional form category. It indicates using

word „if‟ in his utterance. The word “If I was you two, I was looking for

another job” is uttered by Perky. He indirectly asks Inggrid and Eddie to looking

for another job.

In expressing his suggestion to Inggrid, Perky applied negative politeness

by applying be conventionally indirect utterance. From his suggestion, Perky

54

wants to Inggrid and Eddie go out from their job in Terry‟s car garage because he

predicts that Terry‟s car garage will be corrupt.

Perky decides to employ negative politeness strategy in uttering his

suggestion to Inggrid and Eddie because of their distance relationship. Perky is for

the first time to meet Eddie and Inggrid, so they do not know each other before.

The conversation takes place in the restaurant with romantic dinner

situation. The participants of the conversation are Wendy Leather and Terry

Leather. Wendy and Terry have close relationship, as wife and husband. Wendy

Leather is Terry‟s wife. They take dinner together in the restaurant. Terry directly

tells about his job that may be getting some risk for his family including his wife

and his daughters. Before he gives suggestion to Wendy, Terry explains what he

will do in next week and why he does like that. Hearing her husband explanation,

Wendy feels afraid about her family condition. Then Terry gives suggestion that

Wendy and their daughters should stay with Wendy‟s aunt for awhile until safe

situation.

Terry : Look... All life I've caused us a few problems with all these cars

aren't selling. All I was trying to do is get ahead of the game. This thing's

gonna put us there.

Wendy : Wicked

Terry : Yeah. And a better place. It's for all of us. For you and the kids.

Wendy : And how afraid do I have to be, Terry?

55

Terry : It'd be the best smart thing if you wanted to stay with your

aunt, in case things turn out cursed, that is. (Datum 11/IS/PP (00:31:24))

From the bold sentence, it is clear that Terry employs indirect suggesting

expression. This kind of indirect suggesting expression can be classified into

conditional form category. It indicates using word „if‟ in his utterance. The word

“It'd be the best smart thing if you wanted to stay with your aunt, in case

things turn out cursed, that is.” is uttered by Terry. He indirectly asks his wife to

stay at aunt‟s home for awhile with her kids.

In uttering his suggestion to Wendy, Terry employs positive politeness

strategy especially notice the hearer‟s need. In this case, Terry knows that his wife

and his kids need to stay in the safe place. Hence, he suggests his wife stay at

aunt‟s home for a while because he is afraid of hisfamily safety during he gets his

job for the next week.

Terry employs positive politeness strategy in expressing his suggestion

to Wendy because of their close relationship as husband and wife. As a husband,

Terry has responsibility to give suggestion to his wife to stay in aunt‟s home

during he gets the bank robbery job. Besides, Terry has legitimate power to

Wendy since he is the husband that as leader in his family. Hence, he has more

authority to express his suggestion directly.

The conversation takes place in the Denmark Club,especially in Lew‟s

office. Michael is a black militant gangster who uses the compromising photos of

a member of the British Royal Family (in the film, Princess Margaret) to avoid

56

trouble with the Metropolitan Police. Lew is gangster who keeps records of his

pay-offs to police at Lloyds Bank. In the scene, Michael will return to Trinidad

(his hometown) and he can arrange the shipment of some high grade marijuana

(weed, marihuana). Lew is not interested about that offer but Michael asks Lew to

think about it again because these things made Lew have a lot of money.

Michael : Lew, while I‟m back in Trinidad, I can arrange for shipment of

some high grade gunja (marijauana).

Lew : Not interested. You want my opinion? All these drugs are

responsible for the moral decay of this countries‟ young.

Michael : You should think about it. With these goodies you can make a

lot of dough (money), especially the police in your pocket. (Datum

12/DS/BR (00:32:23))

The bold utterance uttered by Michael shows that he employs direct

suggesting expression. This kind of direct suggesting expression can be classified

into modals with you category. The word „you‟ indicates that this utterance is

directly toward to interlocutor. The word „should‟ have weak suggesting

expression. It means that this suggestion can do comply or not by Lew.

In delivering his suggestion, Michael expresses direct suggesting

expression by applying bald-on-record strategy. Bald-on record strategy is applied

because Michael wants to be more assertive and clearer through his suggestion.

He wants to Lew think again about his offer for accepting the shipment of some

high grade marijuana (weed, marihuana).

57

Michael uses bald-on record strategy in employing his suggestion to Lew

because Michael and Lew have the same status in their profession since both of

them cooperate to save their valuable things in Llyod Bank. Beside their status,

Michael utters his suggestion influenced by their social distance. Because of their

close relationship, Michael feels free to suggest directly to Lew.

The conversation takes place in launching Hakim‟s book event. The participants

are Gale, Hakim and her father, Mr. Leonard. Mr. Leonard meets her daughter in

launching Hakim‟s book event. Gale introduces Hakim Jamal as her boyfriend to

her father. After that, as Gale‟s father, Mr. Leonard suggests to Gale bring Hakim

Jamal to his house for introducing to Gale‟s mother.

Mr.Leonard : Why don't you both drop by the house this weekend

and introduce Mr. Jamal to mother? (Datum 13/IS/PP (00:36:09))

Gale : Sorry daddy can't do that. We‟re popping (going) on time

for the islands for a while.

From the bold sentence, it is evident thatMr. Leonard employs indirect

suggesting expression. Further, this kind of indirect suggestion can be classified

into wh-questions form category. It indicates using the word “why don‟t you...” in

his utterances. Mr. Leonard indirectly suggests her daughter bring her boyfriend

meets her family in her home. However, Gale directly refuses it because they will

go to Trinidad for a while.

In expressing his suggestion, Mr. Leonard expresses positive politeness.

More particularly, Mr. Leonard applies positive politeness by asking for reason

58

when uttering his intention. By understanding the context, the utterance is

intended by Mr. Leonard to ask for reason „why not?‟, and to assume that if there

are no good reasons why Gale should not or can not cooperate.

Mr. Leonard decides to employ positive politeness strategy in uttering his

suggestion to Gale because of their close relationship. Mr. Leonard and Gale is

father and daughter relationship. Hence they are intimate relationship because

they are the member of family. Besides it, the power of status is also one of the

factors influencing the use of positive politeness. As Gale‟s father, Mr. Leonard

has more powerful than her daughter. He can suggest to her daughter for free.

The conversation takes place in leased building, Le Sac. The participants

of the conversation are Dave, Kevin and Martine. After entering the leased

building, they start to dig out the hole. Before the digging process is begun, Dave

has question about the residue of the digging process. Then, Kevin gives

instruction about the digging process technically. Suddenly, Martine joins in their

conversation. She suggests to her friends about the successful plan of their job.

Dave : I‟ve got a question. What do we do with all the dirt we‟re

gonna dig out of the hole?

Kevin : That‟s all been worked out, Dave. We‟ll dig another hole

over there and put in that.

Martine : If we're to get the job done before the bank opens on Monday

morning. We better get a wriggle (move) on. (Datum 14/IS/PP (00:39:19))

59

The bold sentence employed by Martine shows that she performs indirect

suggesting expression. Martine asks her friends to hurry up to finish their bank

robber job before Monday morning. Based on the context, this kind of indirect

suggesting expression can be classified into conditional form category. It indicates

using word „if‟ in his utterance. The word “If we're to get the job done before

the bank opens on Monday morning. We better get a wriggle (move) on” is

uttered by Martine. She indirectly asks her friends to finish quickly before

Monday morning in which the security systems will start work again.

Martine expresses her suggestion to her friends by positive politeness

strategy to include both speaker and hearer in the activity. It supports Brown and

Levinson‟s theory that positive politeness is used by the speaker include in the

activity with the hearer namely inclusive „we‟ form. However, in this context, she

utters her intention indirectly by using conditional sentence. It means that she and

all of her friends have to finish quickly before the security system will start work

again.

Martine decides to use positive politeness strategy in uttering his

suggestion because she wants to reduce the hearer‟s positive face. Besides,

Martine uses this kind of strategy because she considers that they have been

known each other well. Hence, she utters the suggestion by saving Martine‟s face.

She also wants to create a good relationship with her friend

The conversation takes place intheir lease building, Le Sac. The

participants of the conversation are Major Guy Singer and Dave Shilling. Major

60

Guy Singer is an elegant con-man while Dave Shiling is an actor. They become

friend because Terry invites them to help his scheme as robber in the bank. They

are running in their plans. They have a plan to steal some money and jewellery in

Lloyds Bank in England. They lease a shop named Le Sac two lots away from the

bank and dig a tunnel under The Chicken Inn fast-food restaurant to reach the

underground bank vault. In the scene, Major is sitting on the chair while Dave

pulls the soil remnants from underground floor of digging process. Seeing Dave‟s

job that Dave have tired, Major give suggests Dave break for awhile.

Major Guy : Dave, you need a break. (Datum 15/DS/PP (00:40:47)). I‟ll

take over.

Dave : Cheers (thanks), Major.

From the bold utterance uttered by Major, it is evident that he employs

direct suggesting expression especially modals with you category. It indicates the

use of word „you‟ which means that this utterance is directly toward to

interlocutor and the use of word „need‟ has strong obligation so that the speaker

threaten the hearer‟s face. It supports Liu and Zhao theory that using modal

“need” is general impression that the speaker wants to be clear and make the

hearer more imposing. By considering the context, Major and Dave cooperate

each other to finish their bank robber plan. Seeing Dave‟s job, Major wants to

help his job and to replace his position. Major wants to Dave take rest for awhile.

Therefore, Majorsuggests something that benefits for Dave.

In uttering his suggestion to Dave, Major applied positive politeness which

directly addresses his intention to Dave politely. He also uses the word “Dave” in

61

the beginning of his utterance to show friendliness. It indicates that they already

know each other. This example supports Brown and Levinson‟s theory that one of

the indications of positive politeness is to show friendliness or appropriate for

those who know each other.

Major choose positive politeness strategy in uttering the suggestion to

Dave because of their close relationship as friend. As a friend, Major has

opportunities to give suggestion to Dave. Besides, Major has legitimate power to

Dave since he is the older than Dave. Hence, he has more authority to express his

suggestion directly.

The conversation takes place in their lease building, Le Sac. In this scene,

the police come checking Le Sac about the source of hard tremble sound. The

police accept the complaint from the employee of Chicken Inn about the hard

tremble sound. Terry and his friends use the jackhammer for digging process so

that the source of hard tremble sounds from this tool. After the police have gone,

Martine is afraid that someone comes again and their mission fails so that she

gives suggestion to hire someone as the lookout on the roof using walkie-talkie.

Therefore, Terry suggests hiring Eddie to be their lookout.

Martine : We need a lookout, someone on a roof somewhere. We've got the

walkie-talkies.

Terry : What about Eddie? He's a good lad, we can trust him. (Datum

16/IS/PP (00:43:47))

From the bold sentence, it is found that Terry employs indirect suggesting

expression. This kind of indirect suggestion can be classified into wh-questions

62

category. It indicates using the word “how about ...” in his utterances. Terry

indirectly suggests and recommends Eddie as lookout on the roof because he

knows Eddie very well.

In expressing his suggestion, Terry expresses positive politeness. More

particularly, Terry applies ask for reason strategy when uttering his intention to

recommend Eddie as lookout on the roof.

Terry decides to employ positive politeness strategy in uttering his

suggestion to Martine because of their close relationship as a friend. As a friend,

Terry has opportunities to give suggestion to Martine. Besides, Terry uses this

kind of strategy because she considers that they have been known each other well.

The conversation takes place in the radio station. Mr.Addey, the employee in

radio station, calls the police to catch the bank robber in certain bank with 10-mile

radius from radio station. Mr.Addey catches the signal the walkie-talkie

conversation uttered by Terry and his friends. Sergeant Roy Given suggests to his

lower position, Alfie, to keep listen to the walkie-talkie conversation between

Terry and their friends through radio transmitter.

Alfie : What about releasing the tapes to the radio and TV?

Maybe somebody can recognize the voices?

Sergeant Roy : No, no. If they hear themselves, they'll stop transmitting.

Now, we should keep listening. (Datum 17/IS/PP (00:59:00)). Maybe

they'll reveal where they are. Alfie, you stay here with Mr.Addey. I am going

back to the station. You call me if you hear anything.

63

From the datum above, it is found that the sentences typed in the bold

character belong to indirect suggesting expression. The suggestion uttered by

Martine can be subsumed into modals with other than you category. By studying

the context, Sergeant Roy uses „inclusive we‟ as subject/ agent in his utterance

that meanshe indirectly suggests to Alfie to keep listening and to keep stay with

Mr.Addey to hear the radio transmitter about the bank robber. This utterance is

supported by Liu and Zhao theory that the speaker switched the focus away from

the hearer thus saving the hearer‟s face. The speaker makes this utterance softer

tone and more tactful so that the hearer receive less imposing in their impact.

In uttering his suggestion to Alfie, Sergeant Roy employs positive

politeness to include both speaker and hearer in the activity. It supports Brown

and Levinson‟s theory that positive politeness is used by the speaker include in

the activity with the hearer namely inclusive „we‟ form.

Sergeant Roy chooses positive politeness strategy in uttering his

suggestion primarily because of their relationship. He wants to make good

relationship with his subordinate. As a superordinate, Sergeant Roy feels free to

suggest Alfie to still keep listening to the radio transmitter with Mr. Addey.

Roy Given is one of the police who want to help Mr. Eric Addey, the

operator in radio station, to arrest the bank robbery. Eric Addey heard the walkie-

talkie about the bank robber conversation through his radio transmitter. Alfie,

Roy‟s subordinate, and Mr.Addey still monitor the radio transmitter. Suddenly,

they heard the thieves‟ lookout say that there are police outside the bank.

Unfortunately, they have not got a clue which bank is. Therefore, Roy as Sergeant

64

suggests to Alfie as his subordinate constantly listen to it because they must find

the location where the robber bank is.

Alfie : Sergeant, we just heard the thieves‟ lookout say that there

are police outside the bank right now.

Sergeant Roy : Which bank?

Alfie : I haven't got a clue.

Sergeant Roy : We've got patrols outside half the banks in the West End.

Keep listening, we need to pinpoint exactly where they are. (Datum

18/DS/BR (01:08:37))

From the datum above, it is clear that the sentence typed in the bold

character belong to direct suggesting expression. The direct suggestion uttered by

Sergeant Roy can be subsumed into imperative form category. Through Roy‟s

utterance, he wants to suggest Alfie to keep listening walkie-talkie conversation

that contains the robber bank.

In uttering his suggestion, Sergeant Roy employs bald on record strategy.

By applying bald on-record, he tries to suggest and command Alfie to keep for

listeningto that conversation.

The factor which influences using bald on-record strategy is legitimate

power. As the Sergeant, Roy feels free to suggest his subordinate, Alfie, obey his

utterance. His utterance contains mitigating device “we need to”. It indicates that

Roy saving the Alfie‟s positive face.

65

The conversation takes place in the vault bank. Terry and his friends

manage to get into in the vault bank. However, their conversation through walkie-

talkie is known by radio transmitter. Then, police try to find where the bank

robbery takes place. Some of the police and the owner of the Llyods Bank come

to check the vault bank but the alarm bank broken and still repaired until Monday

morning so that they can not go to the vault bank. Knowing that their robber is

known by police, Terry and his friends must get out from the bank.

Terry : We should get out of here. (Datum 19/IS/PP (01:10:58)) They

could be coming back.

Kevin : Yeah, right. We need to let Eddie know.


suggesting expression. Based on the context, Terry suggests to his friends to get

out from the vault bank because their job is known by the police. Terry expresses

suggestion using indirect suggestion, namely modals with agents other than you.

The indirect suggesting expression is shown by using “we” as the subject. The

word „we‟ indicates that the speaker indirectly toward to interlocutor.


From the bold utterance, it is found that Terry involves himself and his friends in

this activity. The use of word “we” indicates that Terry wants to involve himself

and his friends to leave the bank quickly.



kind of strategy because he considers that they have known each other well.

66

Hence, he utters the suggestion by saving his friends‟ face. He also wants to create

a good relationship with his friends.

The conversation takes place in the secret building. Terry and his friends

manage to get out of the bank. They feel happy and they divide their loots. After

the loots‟ share, Bambas and Major Guy Singer take leave. Terry suggest to

Bambas and Major Guy Singer to have reunion after this job.

Terry : We should have a reunion. (Datum 20/IS/PP (01:17:30)) 20

years, the Savoy Grill

Bambas : Yeah, right, maybe for you, Guy.


suggesting expression. Based on the context, Terry suggests to Bambas and Major

Guy to have a reunion. Terry expresses suggestion using indirect suggestion,

namely modals with agents other than you. The indirect suggesting expression is

shown by using “we” as the subject. The word „we‟ indicates that the speaker

indirectly toward to interlocutor.


From the bold utterance, it is found that Terry involves himself and his friends in

this activity. The use of word “we” indicates that Terry wants to involve himself

and his friends to have a reunion together.



kind of strategy because he considers that they have been known each other well.

67




bank robbery. Terry, Kevin, Dave and Martine are villains. They had already

stolen some money, jewellery, and documents in Lloyds Bank, London. After

they had already stolen, they split their loot. However, Terry wants Martine speak

honestly about some photos which is found in Llyods Bank exactly. Then,

Martine explains that those photos are the compromising photos of Princess

Margaret.

Terry : I think Martine has got something to tell us.

Dave : Hang on, pal. That‟s Princess Margaret.

Kevin : Fuck me. Where do these come from?

Terry : You knew the exact box this stuff was in, Martine You'd better

come clean and tell us what this is really about. (Datum 21/DS/BR

(01:18:15))

Martine: About a month ago I got busted at Heathrow on a drug charge. This

guy I know said he would fix it to keep me out of jail, if I do him a favour. He

knew I knew some villains. He wanted to set up a robbery to get these.

Terry wants Martine to tell the truth about what exactly some photos found

in Llyods bank is. Terry expresses suggestion by using direct suggestion, namely

modals with you. The direct suggesting expression is shown by the words „You‟d

better‟ expressed by Terry. The word „you‟ indicates this utterance is directly

68

toward to interlocutor. The word „would better‟ indicates that contain obligation

suggesting expression.

Terry expresses direct suggesting expression by applying bald-on-record

strategy. Bald-on record strategy is applied because they are in the urgent

condition because they have already found the compromising photos of Princess

Margaret in their robber. However, Terry, Dave and Kevin did not exactly those

photos because Martine hid the secret mission inside their robbery.

The factor influences to the use of direct suggestion by operating bald on-

record strategy because Terry has more powerful than Martine so that Terry feels

free to impose his suggestion to Martine with high size of imposition. Terry and

Martine have close relationship since they have become friend before this case.


bank robbery. Terry, Kevin, and Dave feel that they have lied by Martine. Martine

cooperates with Tim to plan this robbery. Tim wants the damning photos of

Princess Margaret and some documents in box 118. Now, they feel in the

dangerous situation because the police and Mi5 (the secret agent in London) look

for them. After hearing the Martine‟s truth, Dave wants to get away from them.

However, Terry suggests to Dave to stay together with them.

Dave : I‟m out of here. I‟m not waiting for a load of spooks and coppers

to come cracking my head. I‟m splitting like Guy and Bambas.

Terry : It would be better if we stuck together, Dave. (Datum

22/IS/PP (01:20:40))

69

Dave : And why, tell me?, 'cause we've been so truthful with each other

so far?

From the bold sentence, it is found that Terry employs indirect suggesting

expression. This kind of indirect suggesting expression can be classified into

conditional form category. It indicates using word „if‟ in his utterance. The word

“It would be better if we stuck together, Dave” is uttered by Terry. He

indirectly asks Dave to stay together with Terry, Kevin, and Martine because the

police will arrest them.

In uttering his suggestion to Dave, Terry employs positive politeness

strategy especially notice the hearer‟s need. In this case, Terry knows that Dave

needs to stay with them for his safety. Hence, he suggests Dave to still stay with

them to solve this problem together.

Terry employs positive politeness strategy in expressing his suggestion to

Dave because oftheir close relationship as a friend. As a friend, Terry has the

responsibility to give suggestion to Dave to stay together with them to solve this

problem.


bank robbery. Martine cooperates with Tim to plan this robbery. Tim wants the

damning photos of Princess Margaret and some documents in box 118. Now, they

feel in dangerous situation because the police and Mi5 look for them. After

hearing the Martine‟s truth, Dave wants to get away from them. Kevin tries to

persuade Dave to stay with them but Dave ignores it. Then, Kevin suggests Terry

70

and Martine to get out from this building because of the police still traces their

location.

Kevin : Dave, come on…

Dave : No, I‟m going home, Kev. See my mom. And then I‟m going far

away, as far as I can get away from you.

Kevin : We'd better get out of here, too. (Datum 23/IS/PP (01:21:05))

In case Guy and Bambas get picked up.

Terry : Let's split the lot of this. There may be someone else in this shit to

cause us some more grief.

The bold sentence uttered by Kevin shows that he employs indirect

suggesting expression. Based on the context, Kevin suggests to Terry and Martine

to get out from this building because of the police and Mi5 looking for them so

that they are in dangerous situation. Kevin expresses suggestion using indirect

suggestion, namely modals with agents other than you. The indirect suggesting

expression is shown by using “we” as the subject. The word „we‟ indicates that

the speaker indirectly toward to interlocutor.

In uttering his suggestion, Kevin employs positive politeness strategy.

From the bold utterance, it is found that Kevin involves himself and his friends in

this activity. The use of word “we” indicates that Kevin wants to involve himself

and his friends to leave from this building because they are in dangerous situation.

Kevin decides to use positive politeness strategy in uttering his suggestion

because he wants to reduce the hearer‟s positive face. Besides, Kevin uses this

kind of strategy because he considers that they have been known each other well.

71



The conversation takes place in Lew‟s office. The participants of the

conversation are Lew, Eddie, and Terry. Lew as the gangster who keeps records

of his pay-offs to police at Lloyds Bank cooperates with Michael as black militant

gangster who takes several compromising photos of a member of the British

Royal Family, Princess Margaret, which is saved in the vault of Lloyds Bank in

England. Lew as an organized crime figure worried about the content of his ledger

which lists payoffs he made to police which was stolen in the robbery and he

worried about some of the compromising photos of Princess Margaret. Lew

already knows the robbers who steal those photos. He searches Terry and his

friends. He catches Dave first and then Eddie. When Eddie gets into Lew‟s office,

Dave is already killed by accomplice‟s Lew. Lew suggests Terry to search what

Lew wants.

Lew : Hello?

Terry : Who am I talking to?

Lew : Terry Leather, Kevin Swain, Martine Love, Eddie Burton. Yeah,

Mr. Shilling was kind enough to speak with me about this.

Terry : You put Dave on the phone.

Lew : Now, I would, but... he seems a bit indisposed at the moment.

Terry : What do you want?

72

Lew : Just a couple of things from what you've stolen. A ledger with a

dark red cover. And some photos that I'm sure the MI-is interested in. The

"Royal portfolio".

Terry : All we got is money and jewels.

Lew : Then I suggest you look again. Speak to your friend. (Datum

24/DS/BR (01:44:30))

Eddie : Hello, who is this?

Terry : Eddie, it's Terry.

Eddie : Terry, fucking hell. Dave is all messed up, and they're going to do

the same to me, you got to help.

The participants of the dialogue are Lew Vogel as the speaker and Terry as

the hearer. Eddie is arrested by Lew because he and his friend already steal in

vault of Lloyds Bank. Lew utters to Terryvia telephone to search the ledger and

the photos. Lew applies direct suggestion with performatives.The direct

suggestion is shown by the word “I suggest you look again” by Lew. The using

word “I suggest …..” is the use of performative verbs. Lew also uses direct

suggestions with imperatives word “Speak to your friend” to Eddie,it shows that

this utterance has the explicit meaning. The speakers suggest to the hearer to do

something that benefits for hearer condition.

In uttering his suggestion to Terry and Eddie, Lew applied Bald-on record

to express urgency. It supports Brown and Levinson‟s theory that bald-on record

is used by the speaker in urgency situation. Lew wants Terry who brings his

73

ledger and compromising photos of personage, comes to his office as soon as

possible. In addition, he suggests Eddie to speak to Terry to rescue him.

There are two factors that influence Lew to use those kinds of acts in his

suggestion to Terry and Eddie. First is Lew has legitimate power to Terry and

Eddie since he is the older than Terry and Eddie. Hence, he has more authority to

express his suggestion directly. Beside it, Lew is higher status than Terry and

Eddie, so he has more authoritative. Second is their far relationship. They do not

know each other before, in order to his intention, Lew suggests Terry to search his

ledger and the photos again and suggests Eddie speak with Terry via telephone. It

makes the resulting suggestion sound more formal and forceful.

The conversation takes place in Paddington Station. The participants of the

conversation are Terry, Lord Mountbatten and Philip. Terry makes deal with Tim.

Terry will hand over the compromising photos if Tim makes new passports and

documents fro him and his friends. Tim agrees with Terry‟s offer. At 11 a.m in

Paddington Station, Lord Mountbatten who represent the interest of the crown in

this matter, come with Philip hand the new document for Terry. Then, Terry

hands over the compromising photos to Lord Mountbatten. Philip suggests to

Terry to keep his documents in safe place.

Terry : Lord Mountbatten?

Lord : Yes

Terry : You know the arrangements and you agree to our new identities

and immunity from prosecution?

74

Lord : You have my word that the crown will honour this commitment.

Your documentation and guarantees

Philip : If I were you, I‟d keep them in a very safe place. (Datum

25/IS/NP (02:02:43))

Terry : Yeah, well, you bet it won‟t be a safe deposit box.

The sentence typed in bold characters shows that Philip utters indirect

suggesting expression. Further, this kind of indirect suggestion can be classified

into conditionals form category. In this situation, Philip suggests Terry save his

documents and guarantees in the safe place.

In expressing the suggestion, Philip employs negative politeness

particularly applies conventional indirectness strategy. Instead of saying save

them in a very safe place, Philip prefers to be polite by saying if I were you, I‟d

keep them in a very safe place as the expression of his suggestion. Philip‟s

utterance cannot be merely interpreted as a conditionals expression. By

understanding the context, the utterance is intended by Philip to suggest Terry

save his documents and guarantees in a very safe place.

Philip decides to employ negative politeness strategy in uttering his

suggestion to Terry because there is social distance between Philip and Terry at

that time. Philip and Terry have far relationship since both of them do not know

each other before.

75

C. SUMMARY

This subchapter covers the summary of the findings. It will present the

table of the type of suggesting expression, type of politeness strategy and the

factor of using particular suggesting expression and politeness strategy. The

following table shows the use of certain suggesting expression by the characters in

the film The Bank Job.

1. The Suggesting Expression Applied by the Speakers

There are 25 data containing suggestion speech act in the film The Bank

Job. After analyzing the data, the researcher found that there are two types of

suggesting expression based on Liu and Zhao‟s theory. Those are direct

suggestion and indirect suggestion. The detailed data as follows:

Table 4.1 Table of Suggesting Expression

Datum

Number

Speaker Listener Suggesting

Expression

01 Terry Inggrid Direct Suggestion

02 Lawyer Michael Indirect Suggestion

03 Tim Jerry Direct Suggestion

04 Martine Terry Direct Suggestion

05 Terry Martine Indirect Suggestion

06 Martine Terry Indirect Suggestion

07 Dave Martine Indirect Suggestion

08 Martine Terry Indirect Suggestion

09 Perky Inggrid Indirect Suggestion

10 Perky Inggrid and Eddie Indirect Suggestion

11 Terry Wendy Indirect Suggestion

12 Michael Lew Direct Suggestion

13 Leonard Gale Indirect Suggestion

14 Martine Dave Indirect Suggestion

15 Major Guy Dave Direct Suggestion

16 Terry Martine Indirect Suggestion

17 Sergeant Roy Alfie Indirect Suggestion

18 Sergeant Roy Alfie Direct Suggestion

19 Terry Kevin Indirect Suggestion

76

20 Terry Bambas Indirect Suggestion

21 Terry Martine Direct Suggestion

22 Terry Dave Indirect Suggestion

23 Kevin Terry Indirect Suggestion

24 Lew Terry Direct Suggestion

25 Philip Terry Indirect Suggestion

The table shows that the characters in the film The Bank Job use two of

suggesting expression, namely direct suggestion and indirect suggestion. There

are seventeen data containing indirect suggesting expression. Then, eight data

containing direct suggesting expression are found in this film.

2. Politeness Strategies Employed by the Speaker in Expressing Suggestion

The characters in this film employ particular politeness strategy in

expressing suggestion. The use of politeness strategy by the characters in

expressing suggestion will be shown in the table 4.2.

Table 4.2 Table of Politeness Strategy

Datum

Number

Speaker Listener Politeness Strategy

01 Terry Inggrid Bald-on Record

02 Lawyer Michael Negative Politeness

03 Tim Jerry Positive Politeness

04 Martine Terry Bald-on Record

05 Terry Martine Positive Politeness

06 Martine Terry Positive Politeness

07 Dave Martine Positive Politeness

08 Martine Terry Positive Politeness

09 Perky Inggrid Negative Politeness

10 Perky Inggrid and Eddie Negative Politeness

11 Terry Wendy Positive Politeness

12 Michael Lew Bald-on Record

13 Leonard Gale Positive Politeness

14 Martine Dave Positive Politeness

15 Major Guy Dave Positive Politeness

16 Terry Martine Positive Politeness

17 Sergeant Roy Alfie Positive Politeness

18 Sergeant Roy Alfie Bald-on Record

77

19 Terry Kevin Positive Politeness

20 Terry Bambas Positive Politeness

21 Terry Martine Bald-on Record

22 Terry Dave Positive Politeness

23 Kevin Terry Positive Politeness

24 Lew Terry Bald-on Record

25 Philip Terry Negative Politeness

From the table, it can be seen that there are three types of politeness

strategy used by the characters in expressing suggestion. They are bald-on record,

positive politeness and negative politeness. Positive politeness strategy is used

mostly by the characters since they use „we‟ as subject in expressing suggestion.

Then it is followed by negative politeness and bald-on record.

3. The Factor Influencing the Use of Suggesting Expression and Politeness

Strategies Uttered by the Speaker

The use of particular suggesting expression and politeness strategy by the

characters in expressing suggestion is influenced by certain factor. Table 4.3 will

show the factors which influence the use of suggesting expression and politeness

strategy by the characters in expressing suggestion.

Table 4.3 Table of the Factors which Influence to the Use of Suggesting

Expression and Politeness Strategy

Datum

Number

Speaker Listener Politeness Strategy Factor

01 Terry Inggrid Bald-on Record Legitimate Power

02 Lawyer Michael Negative Politeness Distant Relationship

Expert Power

03 Tim Jerry Positive Politeness Close Relationship

04 Martine Terry Bald-on Record Close Relationship

05 Terry Martine Positive Politeness Close Relationship

06 Martine Terry Positive Politeness Close Relationship

07 Dave Martine Positive Politeness Close Relationship

08 Martine Terry Positive Politeness Close Relationship

78

09 Perky Inggrid Negative Politeness Distant Relationship

10 Perky Inggrid

and Eddie

Negative Politeness Distant Relationship

11 Terry Wendy Positive Politeness Close Relationship

Legitimate Power

12 Michael Lew Bald-on Record Close Relationship

13 Leonard Gale Positive Politeness Close Relationship

Legitimate Power

14 Martine Dave Positive Politeness Close Relationship

15 Major

Guy

Dave Positive Politeness Close Relationship

Legitimate Power

16 Terry Martine Positive Politeness Close Relationship

17 Sergeant

Roy

Alfie Positive Politeness Close Relationship

18 Sergeant

Roy

Alfie Bald-on Record Legitimate Power

19 Terry Kevin Positive Politeness Close Relationship

20 Terry Bambas Positive Politeness Close Relationship

21 Terry Martine Bald-on Record Close Relationship

Legitimate Power

22 Terry Dave Positive Politeness Close Relationship

23 Kevin Terry Positive Politeness Close Relationship

24 Lew Terry Bald-on Record Legitimate Power

Distant Relationship

25 Philip Terry Negative Politeness Distant Relationship

From the table 4.3, there are two factors that influence the characters to

apply particular suggesting expression and politeness strategy. These factors are

related to power and social distance between the speaker and the hearer.

D. DISCUSSION

This subchapter is discussion. It covers the discussion of the result of this

research. These findings are the type of suggesting expression, the politeness

strategy in expressing suggestion and why each type of suggesting expression and

politeness strategy applied by the characters in the film entitled The Bank Job.

79

1. Types of Suggesting Expression Uttered by the Speakers in the film

entitled The Bank Job

The types of suggesting expressions employed by the characters in the

film entitled The Bank Job can be identified based on the classification of

suggesting expression by Liu and Zhao (2007) namely direct suggestion and

indirect suggestion. Direct suggestion consists of modals with you, performatives,

imperatives and want-structure whereas indirect suggestion consists of modals

with agents other than you, wh-questions, and conditionals.

From the data analysis, it is found that there are two types of suggesting

expressions employed by the characters in the movie The Bank Job. They are

direct suggestion and indirect suggestion. Table 4.4 shows the findings:

Table 4.4 Types of Suggestions

No Types of

Suggestions

Sub-category

of Types of

Suggestions

Data

No.

Frequency Percentage

(%)

Σ

1. Direct

Suggestion

Imperative 1, 4, 18 3 37,5 32%

Want-

structure

3 1 12,5

Modals with

you

12, 15,

21

3 37,5

Performative 24 1 12,5

Total direct suggestions 8 100

2 Indirect

Suggestion

Modals with

agents other

than you

2, 5, 6,

7, 8, 9,

17, 19,

20, 23

10 58,8 68%

Conditional 10, 11,

14, 22,

25

5 29,5

Wh-question 13, 16 2 11,7

Total indirect suggestions 17 100

80

It can be seen from the table 4.4. that there are two types of suggesting

expressions which are employed by the characters in the film entitled The Bank

Job. The two types of suggesting expressions are direct suggestions (32%) and

indirect suggestions (68%).

According to the table 4.4., the characters of the film The Bank Job mostly

express indirect suggestion. From the whole suggestions, there are seventeen

suggestions that can be classified into indirect suggestions. This suggestion is

intended to make the speaker and the hearer to perform the suggested action to

benefit both of the participants.

Indirect suggestions that are used by the character in the film The Bank Job

can be classified into three sub-categories of indirect suggestion, i.e. modals with

agents other than you (58,8%), conditional (29,5%) and wh-question (11,7%).

From the whole data of indirect suggestion, there are ten data of indirect

suggestion applied modal with agents other than you category. The characters

mostly utter this category because they use word “we” as the subject in their

sentences. This finding is clearly in line Liu and Zhao theory (2007) which

mentions that using „we‟ as the subject of the sentences included one of the

strategies to formulate in indirect suggestions applied modals with agents other

than you.

The last type of the suggesting expressions that are employed by the

characters in the film entitled The Bank Job is direct suggestion. There areeight

suggesting expressions that can be classified into direct suggestion. In this

81

suggestion, the speaker focuses the hearer who will get benefit from the suggested

action.

Direct suggestions that are used by the character in the film The Bank Job

can be classified into four sub-categories of direct suggestion, i.e. imperative

(37,5%), modals with you (37,5%), want-structure (12,5%) and performative

(12,5%). From the whole data of direct suggestion, the characters mostly perform

direct suggestion applied imperative and modal with you categories.

In sum, the speakers in this research mostly use indirect suggesting

expression applied modals with other than you category whereas direct suggestion

applied modals with you and imperative is mostly used by the speaker. The

findings have the same result with the previous research which is done by Juwari

(2014). He examines type of suggestion in newspaper especially in editorial of

Jakarta Post Newspaper on March 2013 used Liu and Zhao (2007) classification

of suggestions. He concludes that direct suggestion applied modals with you is

mostly used by the characters in newspaper whereas modals with agents other

than you in indirect suggestion is dominant used by the characters in Jakarta

Newspaper.

In one hand, this research has similar result from the research which is done

by Liu and Zhao (2007). They compare suggestions provided by three non-native

speaking English Composition instructors and three native Composition. They

found that the non-native speaking instructors were more direct than the native

speaking instructors.

82

In similarity, this research has equal result from Pishghadam and

Sharafadini (2011). They compare the similarities and differences between Iranian

and English. The result is English native mostly use let‟s, modals, and imperatives

and Iranian non-native mostly use modals and imperative in expressing

suggestions.

In other word, the finding in this research supports Juwari (2014) thesis, Liu

and Zhao (2007) study, and Pishghadam and Sharafadini (2011) study dealing

with suggesting expression.

Meanwhile, the findings of this research have different result from the

research which is done by and Jiang (2006) study. He compares suggestions in

two authentic settings and ESL textbooks. He found that register differences

between office hours and study group demonstrate the contextual of certain

linguistic forms and complexity of forming speech act. The new textbooks are

more linguistic structures for suggestions than the old textbooks. He also classifies

of suggestion structures into nine categories into nine categories based on

grammatical features which are let‟s, modals and semi modals, wh-questions,

conditionals, performatives, pseudo-cleft structures, extra posed to-clauses, yes-no

questions, and imperatives.

2. Politeness Strategy of Brown and Levinson used by the characters in

employing suggestions

This part presents the findings of politeness strategies to express

suggestions. The discussion of politeness strategies is divided into two parts based

83

on the two types of suggestions. It covers the politeness strategies of direct

suggestion and indirect suggestion.

a. Politeness Strategies of Direct Suggestion

From the data analysis, it is found that there are two politeness strategies

used by the characters to express direct suggestion. They are bald-on record

strategy and positive strategy. This can be seen in Table 4.5

Table 4.5 Politeness Strategies of Direct Suggestion

Data

No.

Speaker- Hearer Strategies Ways of expressions

01 Terry –Inggrid Bald-on record Imperative sentence,

sympathetic advice, urgency

situation

03 Tim – Miles Positive

Politeness

Notice the hearer‟s need, Use

the word “you”

04 Martine – Terry Bald-on record Imperative sentence, time

limitation

12 Michael – Lew Bald-on record Use the word “you”, more

assertive and clearer sentence

15 Major Guy - Dave Positive

Politeness

Using in group identity

marker address form „Dave‟,

showing friendliness

18 Sergeant Roy -

Alfie

Bald-on record Imperative sentence, using

mitigating device „we need

to‟

21 Terry - Martine Bald-on record Use the word “you”

24 Lew - Terry Bald-on record Performative sentence,

urgency situation

According to the table, bald on record is mostly used by the characters to

express direct suggestion. Then, positive politeness is used twice.

It can be seen that the data number 01, 04, and 18, bald-on record strategy

is employed by using imperative sentence. Using this strategy, the speakers are

baldly direct suggestions that are intended for the hearer benefit. Data number 12

84

and 21, bald-on record strategy is employed by using modals with you consisting

word „you‟ that means that the suggestion directly toward to the hearer without

minimizing the imposition the hearer‟s face. While, in datum number 24, bald-on

record is employed by using performative sentence “I suggest...”.

Further, positive politeness used in direct suggestion is realized by

applying in group identity marker and notice the hearer‟s need. This implies that

the participants using this kind of strategy have close and good relationship.

b. Politeness Strategies of Indirect Suggestion

There are two politeness strategies used by the characters in expressing

indirect suggestion. They are positive politeness and negative politeness. Table

4.6 shows the findings:

Table 4.6 Politeness Strategies of Indirect Suggestion

Data

No.

Speaker- Hearer Strategies Ways of expressions

02 Lawyer - Michael Negative Politeness Use inclusive “we”,

minimize imposition

05 Terry - Martine Positive Politeness Use inclusive “we”, involve

in the activity

06 Martine - Terry Positive Politeness Use inclusive “we”, involve

in the activity

07 Dave - Martine Positive Politeness Use inclusive “we”, involve

in the activity

08 Martine - Terry Positive Politeness Use inclusive “we”, involve

in the activity

09 Perky - Inggrid Negative Politeness Use inclusive “we”, be

conventionally indirect

sentence

10 Perky – Inggrid

and Eddie

Negative Politeness Use conditional sentence, be


sentence

11 Terry - Wendy Positive Politeness Use conditional sentence,

notice the hearer‟s need

13 Mr. Leonard -

Gale

Positive Politeness Use wh-question, ask for

reason

85

14 Martine - Dave Positive Politeness Use conditional sentence,

involve in the activity

16 Terry - Martine Positive Politeness Use wh-question, ask for

reason

17 Sergeant Roy -

Alvie

Positive Politeness Use inclusive “we”, involve

in the activity

19 Terry - Kevin Positive Politeness Use inclusive “we”, involve

in the activity

20 Terry - Bambas Positive Politeness Use inclusive “we”, involve

in the activity

22 Terry - Dave Positive Politeness Use conditional sentence,

notice the hearer‟s need

23 Kevin - Terry Positive Politeness Use inclusive “we”, involve

in the activity

25 Philip - Terry Negative Politeness Use conditional sentence, be


sentence

From the seventeen indirect suggestions in this research, there are thirteen

suggestions employed by using positive politeness strategy and four suggestions

employed by using negative politeness.

As it can be seen from the table, the speaker tends to use positive

politeness strategy in suggesting the hearer to let the speaker do something. The

characters mostly use the word „we‟ as the subject of their utterance. This

indicates that both of the participants perform and an action for both of their

benefit and they have close relationship.

The last strategy used by the characters in expressing indirect suggestion is

negative politeness. In realizing this strategy, the characters use conventional

indirectness. The speaker pretends to ask and to suggest the hearer using

conditional sentence.

86

3. The Analysis of the Factors Influencing the use of Suggesting Expression

and Politeness Strategies by the Speakers in expressing Suggestion

This part presents the reasons of choosing certain politeness strategy in

expressing suggestions. Based on the three politeness strategies found in this

research, this discussion is divided into three parts. They are the reasons of

employing bald-on record strategy, positive politeness strategy, and negative

politeness strategy.

a. Reasons of employing Bald-on Record strategy

There are several reasons why the characters choose bald-o record strategy

to express suggestions. Table 4.7 shows the findings:

Table 4.7 Factors of choosing bald-on record

Data

No.

Type of

Suggestion

Speaker - Hearer Factors of choosing the

strategy

01 Direct Suggestion Terry - Inggrid Legitimate power, close

relationship, urgency

situation

04 Direct Suggestion Martine - Terry Close relationship, time

limitation

12 Direct Suggestion Michael - Lew Close relationship

18 Direct Suggestion Sergeant Roy - Alvie Legitimate power, close

relationship

21 Direct Suggestion Terry - Martine Legitimate power, close

relationship

24 Direct Suggestion Lew - Terry Legitimate power

From the table, it can be interpreted that the characters employ bald-on

record strategy because there is a time limitation and urgency situation that force

them to speak with maximum efficiency. Other factors that support the use of bald

87

on record strategy are close relationship between the participants and the powerful

of the speaker in the conversation. Below is the discussion in more detail:

1. Time Limitation and Urgency Situation

Time limitation means that the speaker has limited time to do his act, to

utter his suggestion whereas urgency situation means that the speaker utter the

suggestion in urgency situation. The characters decide to employ bald-on

record when facing time limitation and urgency situation. Datum number 04

shows that Martine employs bald-on record because he has limited time to

speak with Terry. Martine tries to ask Terry to hurry up because she will be

late come in the Eddie‟s stag party. Datum number 01 shows that Terry

employed bald-on record because in urgency situation. He asks Inggrid to get

off her duties in the office because she will get married tomorrow.

2. Close Relationship

The participants who have known each other well tend to employ bald-on

record strategy when uttering suggestion. It is proved that in the film, bald on

record strategy is used by the participants having close relationship. This can

be seen from the datum number 4 and 12. The participants of both data are

Terry and Martine. They have close relationship since they are the best friend

since they ever cooperate the job before the bank robbery job.

3. Legitimate Power

Legitimate power is one of the types of power that the speaker has power

because of his role (such as, a boss), age or status. Based on the context of the

film, the speaker mostly uses bald-on record strategy because the speaker has

88

higher legitimate power than others. For example, datum number 01 shows

that Terry has legitimate power because he is the owner of sales-car garage, it

can be said that he is a boss in him sales-car garage. Another similar case in

datum number 18, Sergeant Roy has legitimate power because the higher

position than the hearer, Alvie.

b. Reasons of employing Positive Politeness strategy

From the analysis, it is found that good relationships between participants,

close relationship, social distance, and legitimate power are factors of choosing

positive politeness strategy. This can be seen from table 4.8

Table 4.8 Factors of choosing positive politeness

Data

No.

Type of Suggestion Speaker - Hearer Factors of choosing the

strategy

03 Direct Suggestion Tim - Miles Good relationship between

the participants, social

distance

05 Indirect Suggestion Terry - Martine Close relationship

06 Indirect Suggestion Martine - Terry Close relationship

07 Indirect Suggestion Dave - Kevin Close relationship

08 Indirect Suggestion Martine - Terry Close relationship

11 Indirect Suggestion Terry - Wendy Legitimate power, intimate

relationship

13 Indirect Suggestion Mr. Leonard -

Gale

Legitimate power, good

relationship, close

relationship

16 Indirect Suggestion Terry - Martine Close relationship

17 Indirect Suggestion Sergeant Roy -

Alvie

Good relationship between

the participants

89

19 Indirect Suggestion Terry - Kevin Close relationship

20 Indirect Suggestion Terry - Bambas Close relationship

22 Indirect Suggestion Terry - Dave Close relationship

23 Indirect Suggestion Kevin - Terry Close relationship

From the table, it can be seen that the choice of positive politeness strategy

is mostly influenced by the good relationship and close relationship between the

participants and legitimate power used by the speaker. This strategy is also

employed because the speaker has social distance with the hearer in which the

speaker wants to maintain good relationship and to minimize the distance between

he himself and the hearer in expressing suggestion. Below is the discussion in

more detail:

1. Close relationship

The participants who have known each other well tend to positive

politeness strategy when uttering suggestion. It is proved that in the film,

positive politeness strategy is used by the participants having close

relationship. This can be seen from the datum number 05, 06, 07, 08, 16, 19,

20, 22 and 23. The participants of those data are Terry and his friends such as

Martine, Dave, Kevin and Bambas. They have close relationship since they

involves in the bank robbery job. However, in datum number 11 shows that

intimate relationship between Terry and Wendy because of their status as

husband and as wife.

90

2. Good relationship between participants

Positive politeness is commonly done by the participants who have good

relationship. From the datum number 03, the conversation is between Tim and

Miles. As we can see from the film, Tim and Miles have good relationship.

This can be seen from the Tim‟s way to maintain his relationship with his

boss, Miles. Another similar case can be seen from the conversation between

Mr. Leonard and Gale in datum number 13. Gale has very close and good

relationship with her father. The characters mostly have close or even intimate

relationship that using positive politeness strategy.

3. Social Distance

Another reason that influences the speaker employs positive politeness in

uttering suggestion is the social distance between the speaker and the hearer.

As we can see from the table, positive politeness is not always applied by

those who have had close relationship. This strategy is also used by those who

have just known each other. The conversation between Tim and Miles in

datum number 03 reveals that the speaker employs positive politeness because

of the want to minimize the social distance as well as to maintain good

relationship.

4. Legitimate Power

Legitimate power is one of the types of power that the speaker has power

because of his role, age or status (such as, husband). Based on the context of

the film, the speaker uses positive politeness strategy because the speaker has

higher legitimate power than others. For example, datum number 11 shows

91

that Terry has legitimate power than Wendy because he is husband in the

family. Another similar case in datum number 13, Mr. Leonard has legitimate

power than Gale because he is Gale‟s father so that he has the higher status in

the family environment.

c. Reasons of employing Negative Politeness strategy

No close relationship and social distance between the participants are the

factors of choosing negative politeness strategy in expressing suggestion. Table

4.9 shows the findings:

Table 4.9 Factors of choosing negative politeness

Data

No.

Type of

Suggestion

Speaker - Hearer Factors of choosing the

strategy

02 Indirect Suggestion Lawyer - Michael Social distance

09 Indirect Suggestion Perky - Inggrid Social distance, no close

relationship between the

participants

10 Indirect Suggestion Perky - Inggrid Social distance, no close

relationship between the

participants

25 Indirect Suggestion Philip - Terry No close relationship between

the participants

From the table above, it can be figured that the characters employ negative

politeness because there is social distance between the participants. The speaker

will be more indirectly uttering his suggestion when the relationship between

participants is more distant. In this research, conventional indirectness strategy in

suggesting is employed by the speaker to soften the threat on the hearer‟s face.

92

Moreover negative politeness is also chosen because participants have no

close relationship. It can be clearly seen in data number 09 and 10. Both of datum

shows that Perky and Inggrid have no had close relationship because they have

just met for the first time. Similarly, datum 25 shows that Philip and Terry have

no intimate relationship because they have just met for the first time, too.

From the discussion, it can be concluded that the speakers have some

reasons in choosing certain strategy to deliver suggestion to the hearers. The

reasons which cause the choice of bald-on record strategy to utter suggestions are

the time limitation and urgency situation, close relationship and legitimate power.

Meanwhile, positive politeness strategy is chosen by the speakers to utter

suggestions because of the good and close relationship, social distance and

legitimate power. Finally, the speaker applies negative politeness strategy in

expressing suggestion because of the social distance and no close relationship

between the participants.

93

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

The last chapter of this research consists of conclusion and suggestion.

The conclusion is drawn based on the result of the data analysis and discussion in

chapter IV, consisting of the types of suggesting expression utters by the

characters, the politeness strategies employed to express suggestions, and the

reason of choosing the certain politeness strategy by the characters in the film The

Bank Job. Meanwhile, the suggestion includes several recommendations for

students particularly for the students of English Department and other researchers.

A. CONCLUSION

According to the objective of the research and 25 suggesting expressions

from the data analysis, the conclusions of this research are drawn as follows:

1. There are two types of suggestions employed by the characters in the film The

Bank Job. They are direct suggestion and indirect suggestion.

a. Direct Suggestion

From the analysis, there are eight dialogues which show that the speakers

utter direct suggestion. The action suggested is carried out by the hearer to

benefit the hearer. Employing this suggestion, the speaker focuses the

hearer who will get benefit from the suggested action. Direct suggestion

consist of imperative, want-structure, modals with you and performative.

b. Indirect Suggestion

94

Based on the analysis, there are seventeen indirect suggestion

employed by the speaker. This suggestion is intended to make the speaker

and the hearer to perform the suggested action to benefit both of the

participants. Indirect suggestions consist of modals with agents other than

you, conditional, and Wh-question

2. There are three politeness strategies employed by the characters in the film

The Bank Job to express suggestions. They are bald-on record, positive

politeness, and negative politeness.

a. Bald-on record strategy

In this research, bald-on record strategy is used six times to express

suggestion. By using this strategy, the speaker does not attempt to

minimize the threat on hearer‟s face. Bald-on record is expressed in direct

way using imperative sentence, want-structure sentence, and suggestion

that using modals with you form. This strategy is used by the participants

who have close relationship and have higher status of the speaker.

b. Positive politeness strategy

From the data analysis, there are fifteen suggesting utterances

which are employed by using positive politeness strategy. Applying this

strategy, the speaker provides an attempt to minimize the threat on

hearer‟s face. Positive politeness is commonly uttered by a group of

friends who have good and close relationship. This strategy is commonly

expressed in indirect way using modals with agents other than you

95

category of suggestion. Hence, the speaker wants to minimize the threat on

hearer‟s positive face and makes a good relationship with the hearer.

c. Negative politeness strategy

According to the data analysis, there are four suggestions

employed by using negative politeness strategy. Using this strategy, the

speaker tries to make the hearer unimpeded by his suggestion. This

strategy is expressed by the participants who have no close relationship

and social distance between them.

3. There are several reasons of choosing certain politeness strategy to express

suggestions. This can be seen in Table 5.1

Table 5.1. Factors of choosing politeness strategy

No. The strategy to

suggest

Factors of choosing the strategy

1. Bald-on record 1. Time limitation and urgency situation

2. Close relationship

3. Legitimate power

2. Positive Politeness 1. Good and close relationship

2. Social distance

3. Legitimate power

3. Negative Politeness 1. No close relationship

2. Social distance

Table 5.1 shows that the factors that influence the speaker in choosing

certain politeness strategy to utter suggesting expressions. The factors which

influence the choice of bald-on record strategy to express suggestion are the

96

time limitation and urgency situation, close relationship, legitimate power.

Then, positive politeness strategy is chosen by the speaker to express

suggestion is because of the good and close relationship, social distance, and

legitimate power. The last is negative politeness which is influenced by social

distance and no close relationship between the participants.

B. SUGGESTION

The last subchapter of this research is the suggestions for the students of

English Department and other researchers.

1. The students of English Department

This research that explains about the suggestion of speech act and

politeness strategy can improve the knowledge for the students of English

Department. Suggestion speech act that can be subsumed into direct and indirect

suggestion is one of the directive expressions that can threaten the hearer‟s face.

Therefore, it is suggested to the students to apply the politeness strategy in

uttering suggestions. Then, it is hoped that the students apply the proper politeness

strategy in employing particular type of suggestions. Besides, the students should

consider the context of situation before deciding to choose politeness strategy to

deliver suggestion.

2. Other researchers

This research studies the suggesting expression and politeness strategies in

expressing suggestions particularly by the characters in bank robbery. It is

97

recommended that other researchers conduct research about suggesting expression

and politeness strategy in different point of view. They may explore suggesting

speech act employed by the teacher to their students or investigate suggestion

about the gender of the speakers. By conducting the research, it is hoped that there

will be additional contribution to the study of suggestion speech act and politeness

strategy.

This research conducted using Liu and Zhao‟s classification of suggestion

speech acts. It is suggested to other researchers conduct research using other

theory of suggestion classification, such as Martinez Flor‟s theory and Jiang‟s

theory.

98

BIBILIOGRAPHY

Banerjee, J., & Carell, P. C. (1988). Tuck in your shirt, you squid: Suggestions in

ESL. Language Learning 38: 313-364.

Blum-Kulka, S. (1987). Indirectness and politeness in request: Same or

different?. North Holland: Elsevier Science Publisher B.V.

Borderia-Garcia, A. (2006). The Acquisition of Pragmatics in Spanish as Foreign

Language: Interpreting and Giving Advice. Lowa: University of Lowa,

2006. Published Dissertation for Doctor Degree.

Brown, P., & Levinson, S. (1987). Politeness. Cambridge: Cambridge University

Press.

Bu, J. (2011). A Study of pragmatics transfer in suggestion strategies by chinese

learners of English. Studies in Literature and Language, 2 (3), 28 – 36.

Farnia, M., Sohrabie, A., & Sattar, H.Q.A. (2014, May). A Pragmatic analysis of

speech act of suggestion among Iranian native speaker of Farsi. Journal of

ELT and Applied Linguistics. 2 (2), 48 – 61.

Frank, M. (1972). Modern English: A Practical Reference Guide. New York:

New York University.

Halliday, M.A.K., & Hasan, R. (1985). Language, Context, and Text: Aspects of

Language in A Social-Semiotic Perspective. Australia: Deakin University

Press.

Hastuti, Y. (2011). Politeness Strategy of Requests in The Movie Entitled Sidney

White. Thesis. English Department, Sebelas Maret University. Surakarta.

99

Holmes, J. (1992). An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. London: Longman Group

UK Limited.

Holmes, J. (2013). An Introduction to Sociolinguistics Fourth Edition. London

and New York: Routledge.

Jiang, X. (2006). Suggestions: What should ESL students know?. System, 34, 36 –

54.

Juwari. (2014). Suggestions Found in the Editorial of The Jakarta Post

Newspaper. Unpublished Graduating Paper. English Department,

Universitas Gadjah Mada. Yogyakarta.

Leech, G. (1983). The Principle of Pragmatics. New York: Longman Group

Limited.

Levinson, S.C. (1983). Pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Liu, Y. & Zhao, J. (2007). Suggestions in teacher-student conferences. Arizona

Working Papers in SLA & Teaching, 14, 59 – 74.

Martinez-Flor, A. (2005). A theoretical review of the speech act of suggesting:

Towards taxonomy for its use in FLT. Revista Alicantina de Estudios

Ingleses, 18, 167-187.

Moleong, L.J. (2007). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: CV Remaja

Rosdakarya.

Pishghadam, R., & Sharafadini, M. (2011).Delving into speech act of suggestion:

A case of Iranian EFL learners. International Journal of Business and

Social Science, 2(16), 152-160.

100

Santosa, R. (2014). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif Kebahasaan. Surakarta: Sebelas

Maret University.

Searle, J.R. (1969). Speech Act An Essay in The Philosophy of Language.

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Spradely, J.P. (1980). Participant observation. New York: Holt, Rinehart and

Winston.

Sutopo, H.B. (2002). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif: Dasar Teori dan

Terapannya Dalam Penelitian. Surakarta: Sebelas Maret University Press.

Thomas, J. (1995). Meaning in Interaction: An Introduction to Pragmatics.

London and New York: Longman..

Yule, G. (1996) a. Pragmatics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Yule, G. (1996)b. The Study of Language (second edition). Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press.

Internet Sources:

http://www.script-o-rama.com/movie_scripts/a1/the-bank-job-script-

transcript.html. Accessed on January 2016

http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0200465/synopsis. Accessed on March 2016

http://www.script-o-rama.com/movie_scripts/a1/the-bank-job-script-transcript.html

http://www.script-o-rama.com/movie_scripts/a1/the-bank-job-script-transcript.html

101

APPENDICES

102

Datum 01/DS/BR (00:01:41)

Terry : So, you're getting married tomorrow, Ingrid?

Inggrid: I hope so.

Terry : Go on, get off now. Go make yourself more beautiful than you

already are. If that's possible.

Datum 02/IS/NP (00:06:01)

Lawyer: Michael, I don't think we should get our hopes up here. Kidnappning,

extortion, assault on this man Brown here, as well as your previous problems with

the law, I mean...You could be looking at 10 to 20 years, I'd say.

Michael: I don't think so. I am smarter and better protected than whitey thinks.

Datum 03/DS/PP (00:07:36) Miles : That would have to be sanctioned at the highest level, and that‟s not

going to happen. Do you see our problem? There can be no connection to 5 or 6.

Tim : So you want me to come up with something devoid any

accountability for anyone. Miles : We'd welcome suggestions, Tim.

Tim : And if it all goes pear-shaped (wrong), I assume it's my arse on the line.

Datum 04/DS/BR (00:11:10)

Martine: You better get off to your stag party.

Terry : Thanks for the drink

Datum 05/IS/PP (00:20:52)

Martine: So, what's the verdict, boys?

Terry : We're interested. First thing we should dois take a look at the place,

suss (check) it out. Maybe open a box of our own.

Martine: I‟ve already done that. We can go and have a look tomorrow.

Terry : Tomorrow it is.

Datum 06/IS/PP (00:26:35)

Martine: Here we go. Marylebone Road and Baker Street, on the corner here is the

bank, next door is the Chicken Inn and at 189, Le Sac. In the back is an

underground car park with direct access to the shop‟s basements. We can pull in

here from Glentworth Street into the car park for drop-offs and pickups

without being seen from the street. Terry : We'll dig a tunnel from the basement of the shop under the Chicken Inn

and pop up in the safe deposit vault.

Datum 07/IS/PP (00:27:45) Bambas: There's going to be reinforced concrete under the vault. We're going to

need a thermic lance, a jackhammer, a generator, lights, ropes, cables, and the

works.

Martine: It's about 40 feet (13m) of digging before we're under the bank.

103

Dave : We can hire some Micks (Irishmen) from Camden Town to do the

digging. Kevin : That's brilliant, Dave

Datum 08/IS/PP (00:28:35)

Martine: But we gonna need a front man on this, someone who can sign the

lease on the shop and looks the business.

Terry : I know someone, Guy Singer. Calls himself "The Major".

Datum 09/IS/NP (00:29:40) Perky : Sit down, luv.


Perky : Taking the E (Jaguar E-Type) for a test drive. Tell your boss, he can have

his inventory back when he settles Mr. Jessul's debt. And it'd better be soon or

we'll be back to tap through his kneecaps. If I was you two, I was looking for

another job

Datum 10/IS/NP (00:29:40) Perky : If I was you two, I was looking for another job.

Datum 11/IS/PP (00:31:24) Terry : Look... All life I've caused us a few problems with all these cars aren't

selling. All I was trying to do is get ahead of the game. This thing's gonna put us

there.

Wendy : Wicked

Terry : Yeah. And a better place. It's for all of us. For you and the kids.

Wendy : And how afraid do I have to be, Terry?

Terry : It'd be the best smart thing if you wanted to stay with your aunt, in

case things turn out cursed, that is.

Datum 12/DS/BR (00:32:23)

Michael: Lew, while I‟m back in Trinidad, I can arrange for shipment of some

high grade gunja (marijauana).

Lew : Not interested. You want my opinion? All these drugs are responsible for

the moral decay of this countries‟ young.

Michael: You should think about it. With these goodies you can make a lot of

dough (money), especially the police in your pocket.

Datum 13/IS/PP (00:36:09)

Mr. Leonard: Why don't you both drop by the house this weekend and

introduce Mr. Jamal to mother?

Gale : Sorry daddy can't do that. We‟re popping (going) on time for the islands

for a while.

Datum 14/IS/PP (00:39:19)

Dave : I‟ve got a question. What do we do with all the dirt we‟re gonna dig out

of the hole?

104

Kevin : That‟s all been worked out, Dave. We‟ll dig another hole over there and

put in that.

Martine: If we're to get the job done before the bank opens on Monday

morning. We better get a wriggle (move) on.

Datum 15/DS/PP (00:40:47) Major Guy: Dave, you need a break. I‟ll take over.

Dave : Cheers (thanks), Major.

Datum 16/IS/PP (00:43:47)

Martine: We need a lookout, someone on a roof somewhere. We've got the

walkie-talkies.

Terry : What about Eddie? He's a good lad, we can trust him.

Datum 17/IS/PP (00:59:00)

Alfie : What about releasing the tapes to the radio and TV? Maybe somebody

can recognize the voices?

Sergeant Roy : No, no. If they hear themselves, they'll stop transmitting. Now,

we should keep listening. Maybe they'll reveal where they are. Alfie, you stay

here with Mr. Addey. I am going back to the station. You call me if you hear

anything.

Datum 18/DS/BR (01:08:37)

Alfie : Sergeant, we just heard the thieves‟ lookout say that there are police

outside the bank right now.

Sergeant Roy : Which bank?

Alfie : I haven't got a clue.

Sergeant Roy : We've got patrols outside half the banks in the West End. Keep

listening, we need to pinpoint exactly where they are.

Datum 19/IS/PP (01:10:58)

Terry : We should get out of here. They could be coming back.

Kevin : Yeah, right. We need to let Eddie know.

Datum 20/IS/PP (01:17:30)

Terry : We should have a reunion. 20 years, the Savoy Grill

Bambas: Yeah, right, maybe for you, Guy.

Datum 21/DS/BR (01:18:15)

Terry : I think Martine has got something to tell us.

Dave : Hang on, pal. That‟s Princess Margaret.

Kevin : Fuck me. Where do these come from?

Terry : You knew the exact box this stuff was in, Martine You'd better come

clean and tell us what this is really about.

105

Martine: About a month ago I got busted at Heathrow on a drug charge. This guy

I know said he would fix it to keep me out of jail, if I do him a favour. He knew I

knew some villains. He wanted to set up a robbery to get these.

Datum 22/IS/PP (01:20:40)

Dave : I‟m out of here. I‟m not waiting for a load of spooks and coppers to come

cracking my head. I‟m splitting like Guy and Bambas.

Terry : It would be better if we stuck together, Dave.

Dave : And why, tell me?, 'cause we've been so truthful with each other so far?

Datum 23/IS/PP (01:21:05)

Kevin : Dave, come on…

Dave : No, I‟m going home, Kev. See my mom. And then I‟m going far away,

as far as I can get away from you.

Kevin : We'd better get out of here, too. In case Guy and Bambas get picked

up.

Terry : Let's split the lot of this. There may be someone else in this shit to cause

us some more grief.

Datum 24/DS/BR (01:44:30)

Lew : Hello?

Terry : Who am I talking to?

Lew : Terry Leather, Kevin Swain, Martine Love, Eddie Burton. Yeah, Mr.

Shilling was kind enough to speak with me about this.

Terry : You put Dave on the phone.

Lew : Now, I would, but... he seems a bit indisposed at the moment.

Terry : What do you want?

Lew : Just a couple of things from what you've stolen. A ledger with a dark red

cover. And some photos that I'm sure the MI-is interested in. The "Royal

portfolio".

Terry : All we got is money and jewels.

Lew : Then I suggest you look again. Speak to your friend

Eddie : Hello, who is this?

Terry : Eddie, it's Terry.

Eddie : Terry, fucking hell. Dave is all messed up, and they're going to do the

same to me, you got to help.

Datum 25/IS/NP (02:02:43)

Terry : Lord Mountbatten?

Lord : Yes

Terry : You know the arrangements and you agree to our new identities and

immunity from prosecution?

Lord : You have my word that the crown will honour this commitment. Your

documentation and guarantees

Philip : If I were you, I‟d keep them in a very safe place.

Terry : Yeah, well, you bet it won‟t be a safe deposit box.

CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION A. INTRODUCTION · 2019. 8. 1. · The dialogue occurs in...

Documents

Transcript of CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION A. INTRODUCTION · 2019. 8. 1. · The dialogue occurs in...