Chapter-III EIA Report

FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

(Including Environmental & Emergency Management Plan)

For

EXPANSION OF CO-GEN SUGAR INDUSTRY [FROM 4000 TCD TO 10000 TCD & 6.0 MW TO 31.5 MW

ALONG WITH 300 KLPD DISTILLERY UNIT]

By

M/s Shree Renuka Sugars Limited

Havalaga Village, Afzalpur Taluk, Gulbarga District, Karnataka.

CONTENTS

Chapter No. Particulars Page No

1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 – 1.10

2. PROJECT BACKGROUND 2.1 – 2.7

3. PROJECT ALTERNATIVES 3.1 – 3.10

4. PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND POLLUTION SOURCES 4.1 – 4.17

5. WATER AND WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT 5.1 – 5.32

6. GASEOUS EMISSIONS AND APC MEASURES 6.1 – 6.3

7. MANAGEMENT OF SOLID WASTES 7.1 – 7.3

8. BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS 8.1 – 8.28

9. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 9.1 – 9.25

10. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME 10.1 – 10.4

11. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 11.1 - 11.19

12. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 12.1 – 12.3

13. PROJECT BENEFITS 13.1 – 13.2

14. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 14.1 – 14.3

15. BACKGROUND OF CONSULTANTS 15.1 - 15.2

ENCLOSURES, 1 TO 12

LIST OF FIGURES Figure

No. Title Page No.

1.1 Location of Industry in District Map of Gulbarga 1.4

3.1 Flow Diagram of distillery Plant 3.8

4.1 Process Flow Chart sugar and distillery 4.4

4.2 Flow Chart of Sugar Manufacturing Process 4.5

4.3A Material Balance with Manufacturing Flow Chart

for 4000 TCD Plant 4.10

4.3B Material Balance with Manufacturing Flow Chart

for 10000 TCD Plant 4.11

4.4 Material Balance Chart for 300 KLPD Distillery unit 4.12

5.1 Flow Chart of Water Balance for Co-gen Sugar Unit 5.6

5.2 Flow Diagram of Effluent Treatment Plant 5.16

5.3 Process Flow Chart with Material Balance for Distillery 5.24

5.4 Flow Chart of Evaporation cum Incineration Plant 5.32

8.1 The Location Features of the Study Area 8.4

8.2 Wind Rose Diagram at Plant Site 8.12

8.3 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations 8.15

8.4 Water Quality Monitoring Locations 8.14

8.5 Soil Quality Monitoring Locations 8.19

LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Title Page

No. 1.1 Salient Features of the Industry 1.3

4.1 Operation Parameters of Co- Gen Sugar Industry 4.6

4.2 Land Utilization 4.7

4.3 Raw Material and Products of Co-gen sugar unit 4.9

4.4 Raw material and products of Distillery Unit 4.9

4.5 Boiler Capacities 4.14

4.6 Power Generation & Utilization 4.14

5.1 Characteristics of Excess Condensate Water 5.3

5.2 Utilization of Condensate Water, (m3/d) 5.3

5.3 Quality of River Bhima Water 5.4

5.4 Fresh Water Requirement for the Co-gen Sugar Unit, m3/d 5.5

5.5 Water Balance for Co-gen Sugar Unit 5.6

5.6 Wastewater Generated from the Sugar Industry, m3/d 5.13

5.7 The Characteristics Of Waste Water (10000 TCD Plant) 5.14

5.8 Utilization of fresh Water for Distillery 5.22

5.9 Waste Water from Distillery Unit 5.22

5.10 Water Balance for Proposed 300 KLD Plant 5.23

5.11 Characteristics of Spent wash 5.25

5.12 The performance of Evaporator 5.27

5.13 Operating parameters for ……………..T/hr Incineration

Boilers5.28

5.14 Generation & Utilization Of Steam And Power (For 300 KLPD Distillery Plant))

5.28

6.1 Boiler and its emission 6.1

6.2 Characteristics different fuels 6.2

7.1 Quantities of soild wastes 7.1

8.1 Summary of Meteorological Data near Plant Site 8.8

8.2 Ambient Air Quality Locations 8.13

8.3 Water Sampling Locations 8.16

8.4 Soil Sampling Locations 8.20

8.5 Noise Monitoring Locations 8.22

8.6 Ambient Noise Level dB(A) 8.23

9.1 Stack Emissions from the Industry 9.9

9.2 Data on Ambient Air quality 9.12

9.3 Mixing Heights Considered For Computations 9.12

9.4 Predicted GLC of SPM & SO2 NOx (For Boiler emissions) 9.13

9.5 Short Term Maximum Incremental Concentrations 9.14

9.6 Resultant Concentrations of Air Pollutants in Study area 9.15

9.7 Data of Traffic Survey at Gulbarga 9.18

9.8 Standards For Occupational Noise Exposure 9.22

10.1 Post Project Monitoring Schedule 10.2

10.2 List Of Laboratory Equipments 10.3

LIST OF ENCLOSURES

Enclosure No Title

1 Lay out plan of the proposed expanded 300 KLD distillery plant

2A & 2B IMD data from Gulbarga

3A – 3D Ambient air quality

4A – 4C Daily Meteorological data 5A Water Quality Data

5B Ground water Quality Data around Plant and Spent Wash Tank

6 Present Land Use Based on Satellite Imaginary

7 Soil Quality Data Sampling period: 30thJanuary 2007

8 Green revolution by Renuka sugars limited

9 State wise Production of Maize

10 Terms of references (TOR) from MoEF for EIA study

11 Water drawl permission from the irrigation department/state ground water

board

12 Sugar Industries In Karnataka With Out Attached Distillery

CHAPTER – 1

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER – 2

PROJECT BACKGROUND

CHAPTER – 3

PROJECT ALTERNATIVES

Project Alternatives EIA Report

CHAPTER - 4 CHAPTER - 4

PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND POLLUTION

SOURCES PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND POLLUTION

SOURCES


Shree Renuka Sugars Limited, Havalga 3.1




CHAPTER – 5

WATER AND WASTE WATER

MANAGEMENT



CHAPTER – 6

GASEOUS EMISSIONS AND APC MEASURES


CHAPTER - 7

MANAGEMENT OF SOLID WASTES



CHAPTER - 8

DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT



CHAPTER – 9

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES



CHAPTER – 10

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME




CHAPTER – 11

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN



CHAPTER – 12

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT


CHAPTER – 13

PROJECT BENEFITS



SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION



BACKGROUND OF CONSULTANTS



ENCLOSURES



CHAPTER - 1

1.0.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1.0 PREAMBLE

Shree Renuka Sugars Ltd. (SRSL) is an agro based company focused on

manufacture of sugar, co-gen power generation and ethanol production.

They have already established and running a fully integrated two sugar

industry consisting of 2500 T/d sugar plant, 120 KLD ethanol plant and

20.5 MW co-gen power plant at S. No. 367 Manoli village, Soundatti taluka

and another unit having 5000 TCD sugar, 38 MW Co-gen and 120 KLPD

distillery at kokatnur of Athani taluka in Belgaum district in Karnataka

state. SRSL also has on lease, a plant in Ajara in Maharashtra, and at

Mohannagar in Maharashtra. The performance of these industries is

excellent. Now the company has decided to expand its sugar manufacturing

activities at other potential locations in the country. Accordingly, SRSL also

set up a 4000 TCD sugar industry along with 6 MW co-gen power plant for

its captive use at Havalga in Gulbarga district of Karnataka. Now, the

industry proposed to expand the Sugar industry for 10000 TCD with 31.5

MW power and 300 KLPD distillery unit. Salient features of the proposed

project are given in Table 1.1.

Alcohol has assumed a very important place in the economy of the country.

The importance and utility of alcohol is well known as an industrial raw

material for manufacture of a variety of organic chemicals including

pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, potable alcohol etc. This is partly due to high

costs of products produced through petroleum route, consequent to the

phenomenal increase in petroleum price. Further, it is a potential fuel in the

form of power alcohol when blended with petrol. Alcohol is a substitute to

the imported petroleum. Being produced from renewable source it is an

environmental friendly product. Large demand is also anticipated for its use

as fuel. Alcohol has assumed a very important place in the country’s

economy. Use of alcohol as an ingredient in beverages is well known. It is a

major source of revenue by way of excise duty for the State Governments.



Sl. No Taluk Cane area

(in acres)

Average cane Yield/Acre

(MT) Expected

production (MT)

1 Afzalpur 16500 30 495000 2 Javaragi 13500 28 378000 3 Gulbarga 15000 25 375000 4 Sindagi 12000 30 360000 5 Indi 15000 30 450000 Total 72000 29 2088000

Looking into the demand of alcohol both as fuel alcohol and industrial

alcohol the Shree Renuka Sugar Limited wants to set up a of 300 KLPD

distillery using available infrastructure like water, steam, energy and also

raw material such as molasses and grains which are available from the

captive sugar industries. Maize is also a major agriculture crop in this

district and also adjoining districts like Raichur, Bidar and Bijapur. Industry

wants to use the locally available grains for its use based on economics. The

cane availability status in the operational area of Havalga unit

The existing 4000 TCD sugar industry is located in 145.32 Acres of land at

Havalga village limits in Afzalpur taluk of Gulbarga district. The same is

proposed to expand to 10000 TCD looking into the infrastructure facility

and raw material like sugar cane production from the farmers field. The

distance from the district Head Quarters is 67 and 97 kms from Gulburga &

Bijapur towns respectively. The nearest railway station is Kulali, which is

about 35 kms from the factory site. The location of distillery site is shown in

the District map of Gulbarga (Figure–1.1).

Industrial activities such as distilleries invariably involve utilization of

natural resources and generation of waste substances and they may have

adverse consequence to the environment. However, mankind as it is

developed today can not live without taking up these activities for his food,

security or other needs. Hence, there is a need to harmonies developmental

activities with the environmental concern. EIA is one of the tools available

with the planners to achieve the above goal. It is desirable to ensure that the

project activity is sustainable. Hence, the environmental consequence must

be characterized early in the project cycle and accounted for in the project

design.



Table-1.1 Salient Features of the Industry

Sl. No. Feature Particulars 1 Name and address of

the Company Shree Renuka Sugars Limited., S. No. 233, Havalaga village, Afzalpur taluk, Gulbarga district, Karnataka state.

2 Project Expansion of Sugar plant from 4000 TCD to 10000 TCD and from 6 MW to 31.5 MW Co-gen and Establishment of 300

KLPD Distillery unit Constitution Public Ltd. Company 3 Date of incorporation 1995 4 Date of commissioning 2006 5 Working days per year 225 for sugar industry 300 for distillery Present Additional Sugar Industry 4000 TCD 10000 TCD Co-generation 6.0 25.5 Ethyl Alcohol - 300 KLPD 6 Main raw material - Molasses 400 T/d Man power in the

industry 205 455

7 Total land area 145.32 acres (58.83 Hectares) ---

8 Boiler capacity 35 TPH (2 nos) 100 TPH 9 Boiler fuel Bagasse Bagasse 10 Steam turbine capacity 7.5 x 2 MW (Back

pressure)

25.5MW (double extraction

condensing) 11 Power requirement 5.0 MW 18.0 MW 12 Water requirement &

source

Source River Bhima River Bhima Total Quantity 500 m3/d 1500 m3/d Gardening 150 m3/d -

13 Investment on EMP Rs. 600 lakhs Rs. 3000 lakhs 14 Project investment Rs. 3000 lakhs Rs. 24800 lakhs



Figure-1.1 Location of Industry in District Map of Gulbarga

Shree Renuka Sugars Lim

Project Site

ited, Havalga 3.17


The objective of EIA is to fore see the potential environmental problems that

would arise out of the proposed development and address them in the

project planning and design stage. The present EIA report incorporates the

environmental consequence of the proposed distillery expansion project

along with the measures adopted in the distillery for control of pollution and

enhancement of environmental quality.

1.2.0 NECESSITY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Alcohol is produced in the distilleries by fermentation and distillation

processes. Molasses, a waste/byproduct of sugar industry is used as raw

material by most of the distilleries. Spent wash produced as an effluent is

the major pollutant from the distilleries. It is highly contaminated with

inorganic and organic matter. Proper handling and disposal of spent wash is

necessary to prevent its adverse effects on the environment. State and

Central pollution control authorities have issued guidelines to the distilleries

for treatment and safe disposal of spent wash. Accordingly, the distillery

spent wash will be concentrated and burned in the incineration process.

The proposed distillery project is listed under EIA Notification dated 14-09-

2006 of Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), Government of India.

Further, it is categorized under Category-A of Schedule 5 (g) of this

notification. As per the above notification, sugar industry more than 5000

TCD and molasses based industry prior clearance from MoEF is mandatory

before establishment of this industry. Under Environmental Protection Act

(EPA) 1986, before establishment of any project it is also mandatory for the

project proponents to obtain consent on environmental angle from State

pollution control board. Accordingly application has been made to MoEF

New Delhi for the ToR to conduct EIA studies on the proposed project.

Accordingly the application in Form no -1 is enclosed along with ToR

proposal to be approved by expert appraisal committee. EIA studies have to

be conducted and its report is prepared for submission to KSPCB for

conducting public hearing/ consultation on the proposed project. Final

report will be prepared from the out come/ comments received from the



public ofter completion of the public hearing. This is in accordance with the

recent amendment to the notification of EP (1986) Act on 14.09.2006.

1.3.0 BACK GROUND OF THE MANAGEMENT

Shree Renuka Sugars Limited (SRSL) is a fully integrated sugar company

engaged in manufacture of sugar, power and ethanol production. SRSL was

established in the year 1995 and began operation in 1999 at was increased

Manoli by setting up of a sugar plant at a capacity of 2500 TCD along with a

co-generation plant of 11.2 MW. The commercial production of sugar at

Manoli started in November 1999 and generation of power in April 2000. In

the year 2002, a distillery to manufacture ethanol with a capacity of 60

KLPD was set up. In the year 2003, the co-generation capacity was at

Manoli from 11.2 MW to 20.5 MW. The initial processing of raw sugar to

refined sugar at 250 TPD was under taken in the year 2003 and this was

raised to process 1000 TPD in the year 2004. SRSL also has 5000 TCD

sugar unit and 120 KLPD distillery unit at Athani taluka of Belgaum district

and 4000 TCD plant at Havalaga at Gulbarga. SRSL also has sugar

industries on lease, at Ajara and at Mohannagar in Maharashtra. These

industries are working since last two years.

SRSL is a premier company in establishing innovative ideas and new

technologies in the manufacturing processes and environmental friendly

measures in their industries. Recently, the company has entered in to

market for public fund raising and it received very good response from the

investors. With success in its existing ventures the company has now

proposed to establish more sugar and allied industries in the country.

The company is managed by Managing Director, Sri Narendra Murkumbi

B.E, MBA, (IIM, Ahmedabad) under the guidance of Board of Directors. The

Chairperson of the Company is Mrs. Vidya M. Murkumbi a successful

industrialist with wide experience. President of the company Shri S. M.

Kaluti, a former Director of Sugars Karnataka State and more than 30 years

experience in the field is in charge of project development. The management

is well organized to run the industry in a scientific and efficient manner.



Qualified and experienced technical personnel manage the production

activities in the industry.

Existing Owned and leased Sugar, Co-gen and Ethanol capacities given

below

Sl. No

unit State Ownership (Owned /Leased)

Sugar Capacity

TCD

refining Capacity

TPD

Co-gen Capacity MW

Ethanol Capacity

KLPD 1 Munoli Karnataka Owned 7500 1000 35.5 120 2 Ajara Maharashtra Leased 2500 - - - 3 Arag Maharashtra Leased 4000 - - - 4 Athani Karnataka Owned 5000 1200 38 120 5 Havalaga Karnataka Owned 4000 - 6 - 6 Aland Karnataka leased 1250 - - - Total 24250 2200 79.5 240

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Sl.No Name Position Description

01 Mrs. Vidya N. Murkumbi Chairperson A respected lady of entrepreneur of Karnataka having high local standing

02 Mr. Narendra Murkumbi Managing Director B.E. MBA (IIM Ahmedabad)

03 Dr. B. P. Baliga Director

Ph.D. Texas, Formerly research Director of Tata Oil Mills. Leading food Technologist in India.

04 Mr. J. J. Bhagat Director

Leading sugar Technologist of India and mission Director of Sugar Technology mission Govt. of India.

05 Mr. Sanjay K. Asher Director

Senior associate with Crow ford Baylay & Co., leading solicitor for Mumbai. Special experience in mergers and acquisitions and legal framework of Power Sector in India.

06 Mr. L.M. Menezes Director Retired Senior IAS Officer. Ex-chairman IREDA nominee of IREDA.

07 S.M.Kaluti Director 08 Mr. Nandan V Yalagi Director 09 Mr.Hirshikesh.B.Parandekar Director 10 Mr.Jonathan Kinghsman Director 11 Mr.Robert Taylor Director 12 Mr.Surendra kumar Tuteja Director 13 Mr. Nitin A Puranik Director

Financially the Promoters are sound and are capable of mobilizing adequate

funds towards equity from their friends, Associates and Public. The



Company proposes to obtain long term loan from the Financial Institutions

to meet cost of distillery expansion project and the effluent treatment allied

to it.

LOCATION

The proposed site for SRSL Unit – V is located at Havalaga village of Kallur

Gram Panchayat limit in Afzalpur taluka of Gulburga district, 2 kms away

from Ghattaraga village. The site is located 12 kms away from Afzalpur town

on the road connecting taluka head quarters of Afzalpur, Sindagi & Jevargi

(via Bridge-cum-Barrage at Ghattaraga). The site is situated 37 and 49 kms

from Sindagi and Jevargi towns respectively. The distance from the district

Head Quarters is 67 and 97 kms from Gulburga & Bijapur towns

respectively. The nearest railway station is Kulali, which is about 35 kms

from the factory site. The other two railway stations are situated at

Goudagoan and Kuganoor which are about 42 and 47 kms respectively from

the factory site. The location of site in the district map of Gulbarga is given

in Figure-1.1.

The command area of the factory is spread over the villages coming in the

radius 15 kms from the factory site. It covers villages of Afzalpur taluka,

villages of Sindagi taluka and villages of Jevargi taluka. The command area

is located in North-east Karnataka high/medium recovery zone. This zone is

considered as an ideal one for achieving maximum cane productivity and the

highest percentage of sugar recovery. The molasses obtained as a by-

product is used as raw material in the process of distillery unit to produce

alcohol. Hence, the management thought of increasing the crushing capacity

of sugar unit from 4000 TCD to 10000 TCD and co-gen unit from 6.0 MW to

31.5 MW along with 300 KLPD distillery. The by-products obtained are

profitably used as raw material in the co-gen plant as well as in the distillery

unit for the production of power and ethanol

1.4.0 OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE OF EIA



The overall objective of any EIA studies is to identify and assess the adverse

and beneficial impacts of the project in the planning stage itself, so that

necessary mitigation measures to prevent or minimize these adverse impacts

could be planned early and cost effectively. In view of this objectivity, the

scope of EIA study broadly includes:

i. Introduction along with scope and methodologies for EIA study.

ii. Preliminary details of project including type, need and location of project

and also the magnitude of project activities.

iii. Process and site alternatives are evaluated and their final selection is

justified with respect to technical and environmental considerations.

iv. Project description including process, resource required and products

formed along with sources of pollution and built in mitigation measures

with respect to waste water, gaseous emissions and Solid wastes.

v. To assess the existing baseline status of the relevant environmental

parameters in the study area through primary and secondary source.

The environmental parameters include meteorological data, air, water,

land, soil, noise, ecology and socio economics.

vi. To Identify and quantify significant impacts of the proposed project on

environment and to plan measures for mitigation of the predicted

adverse impacts.

vii. Technical aspects of monitoring the effectiveness of mitigation measures.

It includes laboratory and other facilities, monitoring facilities,

environmental parameters to be monitored, data to be analyzed and

sampling location and schedule. It also includes budgetary provision and

procurement schedule for the monitoring facilities.

viii. Project benefits in terms of improvement in social and physical

infrastructures, administrative aspects of environmental management

plan to ensure that the mitigation measures are implemented and their

effectiveness is monitored.



ix. Summary and conclusion consisting of over all justification of project. It

also includes significant adverse effects of the project along with

measures to over come the same.

1.5.0 TERMS OF REFERENCES (ToR) FROM MoEF FOR EIA STUDY

Terms of References were specified to this industry by Environmental

Appraisal Committee, MoEF New Delhi during their meeting held on 21-01-

08 is given below. The EIA studies were conducted based on these TOR and

accordingly the EIA report is prepared. The list of ToR and their compliances

is given in Enclosure-9.

1. Executive summary of the project. 2. Present land use based on satellite imagery. 3. Details of site and information related to environmental setting within

10 km radius of the project site. 4. Source of molasses/grains. 5. Information regarding eco-sensitive area such as national park/wildlife

sanctuary/biosphere reserves within 10km radius of project area. 6. Ambient air quality monitoring for three months except monsoon. 7. Mathematical modeling for calculating the dispersion of air pollutants

and ground level concentration along with emissions from the spent wash and bagasse fired boiler.

8. Details of traffic density vis-s-vis impact on the ambient air. 9. Details of the use of steam from the boiler. 10. Ground water quality around the unit and molasses storage area. 11. Detailed water balance indicating the input and output. 12. Noise levels monitoring at five locations within the study area. 13. List of flora and fauna in the study area. 14. Number of working days of the distillery unit. 15. Details of the spent wash treatment. 16. Proposed effluent treatment system and scheme for achieving zero

discharge. 17. Water drawl permission from the irrigation department/state ground

water board. 18. Details of solid waste management including management of boiler ash. 19. Green development as per the CPCB guidelines. 20. Environment Management Plan. 21. Measure for rain water harvesting. 22. Details of Occupational health surveillance programme.



23. Details of Socio-economic welfare activities. 24. Post project environmental monitoring. 25. Action plan in the tabular form to the issue/suggestions made during

the public hearing along with the implementation plan and allocation of fauna.



CHAPTER – 2

2.0.0 PROJECT BACKGROUND

2.1.0 TYPE OF PROJECT

The project is the manufacturing of ethanol of 300 KLPD capacity of the

distillery along with 31.5 MW power plant and expansion of sugar unit from

4000 TCD to 10000 TCD. The raw material for distillery for its expansion is

molasses, which is obtained as waste or by product from sugar industry and

farmers field for cane supply to sugar unit. Thus raw material is based on

agriculture source. The objective of EIA is to fore see the potential

environmental problems that would arise out of the proposed development

and address them in the project planning and design stage. The present EIA

report incorporates the environmental consequence of the proposed distillery

expansion project along with the measures adopted in the distillery for

control of pollution and enhancement of environmental quality.

2.2.0 NEED FOR THE PROJECT

Sugar cane is one of the important cash crops of India. The industries based

on sugarcane and its allied by-products help farmers and provide

employment to the rural people. Bagasse, molasses and press mud are the

waste by-products of sugar industry. These products once thought to be

waste are now being used as raw material in the production of valuable

products such as alcohol, bio-manure and allied products.

The sugar is also food commodity required to be distributed to local

marketing and also has a potential to earn forging exchange by the export.

Alcohol is eco-friendly product which can be used as a substitute to

petroleum, it is used as a raw material in manufacture of organic chemicals

and as a fuel in automobiles. Hence, the distillery helps to reduce the

dependency on petroleum and has potential to save foreign exchange.

Petroleum is a scarce, non-renewable and nonecofriendly product. Alcohol

being used in beverages is a potential source of revenue to the government.

The importance and utility of alcohol is well known as an industrial raw



material for manufacture of a variety of organic chemicals including

pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, potable alcohol etc. It is now being increasingly

appreciated all over the world. This is partly due to high costs of products

produced through petroleum route, consequent to the phenomenal increase

in petroleum price. Alcohol is also known as eco-friendly product as it is

produced out of renewable source.

Alcohol is a potential fuel in the form of power alcohol when blended with

petrol. Ethanol is substitute to the imported petroleum. Being produced from

renewable source it is an environmental friendly product. Large demand is

also anticipated for its use as fuel. Under the National Ethanol Programme,

there is a mandate to blend 5 % ethanol, in petrol in nine sugar producing

states. This programme was started on 1st October 2003. This amounts to a

demand of 360 million liters of ethanol per year. This programme took the

back seat in 2004 due to the draught like conditions and a bad sugar cane

crop. With good monsoons in 2004 and on wards, the country is set for a

reasonably good sugar cane crop in this season. In addition, the Government

of India has set a dead line for introduction of gasoline and diesel confirming

to Euro-3 fuel standards in 11 cities of India. The Euro-3 standard specifies

the presence of an oxidant in the fuel, which minimizes the emissions due to

the combustions of these fuels. Ethanol being one of the most viable

additives available, the oil companies has to use ethanol for blending with

petrol. The ethanol programme has already been restarted. Government of

India as all ready initiated to enhance blending of alcohol with petrol upto

10% from November 2007. Once this programme is stabilized by then the

demand for ethanol would be more than double.

The Indian Alcohol Industry is mostly dependent on sugar factories for

molasses as raw material. India currently produces nearly 300 million tons

of sugarcane, of which about 180 million tons is crushed in sugar mills. The

production of molasses from sugar industry is about 8 million tons.

Considering that, one tone of molasses generates about 220 liters of alcohol

the maximum output through the alcohol route (assuming the entire

molasses is used up) is 176 million liters. The demand supply scenario &



projected demand of alcohol in India as per All India Distillery Association,

New Delhi is given below:

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Demand supply scenario & projected demand of alcohol in India (million liters)

Consumption by Year

Alcohol production (supply)

Industries

Potable

For Admixtures in Petrol

For Export

Total Demand Supply Short

fall

2001-02 165.45 62.65 82.35 45.00 14.40 207.40 165.45 41.95 2002-03 165.45 72.22 94.70 90.00 17.28 274.20 165.45 108.75 2003-04 165.45 79.44 108.91 99.00 20.74 308.09 165.45 142.64 2004-05 165.45 87.38 125.25 108.90 24.88 346.41 165.45 180.96 2005-06 165.45 96.12 144.03 119.79 29.86 389.80 165.45 224.35

om the above table, it can be observed that there is a shortfall of about

4.35 million liters alcohol in the country. The industry on expansion will

ovide direct and indirect employment to more than 1000 local rural

rsons. With the industry, the road, communication and related facilities in

e region will also improve.

3.0 LOCATION

3.1 GENERAL LOCATIONS

e proposed site for SRSL Unit – V is located at Havalaga village of Kallur

am Panchayat limit in Afzalpur taluka of Gulburga district, 2 kms away

m Ghattaraga village. The site is located 12 kms away from Afzalpur town

the road connecting taluka head quarters of Afzalpur, Sindagi & Jevargi

ia Bridge-cum-Barrage at Ghattaraga). The site is situated 37 and 49 kms

m Sindagi and Jevargi towns respectively. The distance from the district

ad Quarters is 67 and 97 kms from Gulburga & Bijapur towns

spectively. The nearest railway station is Kulali, which is about 35 kms

m the factory site. The other two railway stations are situated at

udagoan and Kuganoor which are about 42 and 47 kms respectively from

e factory site. The proposed site of the distillery is shown in the District

ap of Gulbarga in Karnataka state (Figure –1.1).

3.2 SPECIFIC LOCATIONS

e industry has possessed a total of 145.32 acres of land of which 95.32

res is utilized for expansion of sugar unit and establishment of the



distillery and its associated activities. Balance of 50.0 acres around the

distillery is for the use of sugar unit and open land for development of

greenery. The site is nearly a plain land sloping towards south-east. The site

includes the existing 4000 TCD sugar plant and its infrastructure. The

expansion of the industry is proposed in the existing premise. The site and

its immediate surroundings were barren with out any vegetation. However,

during last 2 years the industry has developed planned greenery and green

belt in the premise.

2.4.0 MAGNITUDE OF OPERATIONS AND ACTIVITIES

2.4.1 MAN POWER

During construction : 150 (average for about 300 days)

During operation : 535

2.4.2 LAND

The industry with 4000 TCD sugar plant has possessed 145.32 acres of

land. Expansion of the sugar unit to 10000 TCD and co-gen unit to 31.5

MW along with a new distillery plant of 300 KLPD capacity will be installed

adjoining to existing sugar plant premise. Infrastructure facilities like water,

energy for its expansion is already available. Construction activities for the

expansion are given below. Layout plan of the Factory is given in Enclosure

-13.

1. Extent of total land involved in establishment of distillery and its

Effluent Treatment plant is 50.0 acres.

2. Construction works: mill house, distillery plant, boiler house, turbine

house, molasses, alcohol storage, spent wash storage tanks, bio-

methanation plant, compost yard, finished bio-manure storage yard

etc.,

3. Above ground building / structures: 6 to 15 m height for buildings /

structures.



4. Excavations: 1 to 3 m foundations machinery such as turbine, water

storage tank.

5. Constructed floor area of buildings & other structures: 4000 m2.

6. Construction period: 12 months.

7. Construction material including Size stones, Sand, Boulders, Bricks

and gravel is about 2000 T.

2.4.4 TRANSPORTATION

1. Personnel

A maximum of 150 persons will be engaged in construction works.

Construction period is about 12 months. They use company vehicle

facilities, public transportation and own vehicles. A total of about 10 visits

will be made by the motor vehicles to the industry for transportation of

personnel.

During operation a maximum of about 535 persons (inclusive of 205 existing

employees) are expected in the industry. A total of about 10 visits by four

wheelers and about 40 visits by two wheelers will be made to for

transportation of personnels.

2. Material

A maximum of construction material including gravel, sand, stone and

bricks transported per day will be about 10 lorry load.

2.4.3 CIVIL WORKS DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE

During operation, a maximum of about 90 loads moving to the industry to

carry material.

2.4.4 TRANSPORTATION OF MATERIAL DURING OPERATION PHASE

Molasses 400 T/d, 15 tanker lorries per day

Alcohol 300 KL/d, 15 tanker lorries per day



Press mud 38 lorry/tractors per day

Sugar cane 10000 T/d, 600-650 trips of lorry per day (during

crushing season)

2.4.5 PRODUCTION AND RELATED ACTIVITIES DURING OPERATION

1. 300 KLPD molasses based distillery.

2. 10000 TCD sugar cane crushing.

3. Water treatment plant of 1500 m3/d capacity

2.4.6 RESOURCES CONSUMED FOR 300 KLPD PLANT

1. Molasses : 1200 T/d.

2. Water from Bhima River : 1500 m3/d.

3. Power 15.0 MW (captive source including sugar plant requirement)

4. Fuel for Co-gen power plant requirement & distillery requirement

Bagasse : 1963 T/d

2.4.7 BULK STORAGE FACILITIES

1. Prepared yard covered roof in the area of 2 hectares for storage of Bagasse

2. Molasses storage tanks 4 Nos, each of 6000 MT and 2 No of 10000 MT capacity.

3. Ethanol solvent storage tanks 5 Nos, total 2000 m3 capacity.

4. Spent wash storage tank, total capacity 30000 m3

5. Water reservoir 30000 m3

2.4.8 PROJECT INVESTMENT

Total project cost : Rs. 248 Crores

2.5.0 SCHEDULE FOR APROVAL AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PROJECT

Sl. No. Project activity Proposed time

1 Application to MoEF New Delhi for ToR. December 2007

2 Approval of ToR from MoEF New Delhi. January 2008



3 Submission of Draft EIA and public hearing. March 2008

4 Submission of consent application to KSPCB Bangalore.

April 2008

5 Submission EIA to MoEF New Delhi for environmental clearance.

April 2008

6 Environmental clearance from MoEF New Delhi June 2008

7 Environmental consent from KSPCB Bangalore. July 2008

8 Commencement project construction work. June 2008

9 Commencement of commissioning and trial production.

December 2008



CHAPTER - 3

3.0.0 PROJECT ALTERNATIVES

In the present chapter process and site alternatives are evaluated, and their

final selection is justified with respect to technical and environmental

considerations. A project of any nature consists of various activities, which

involve men, money and material. These activities may consume natural

resources and discharge wastes, which are likely to have serious

consequence to the environment. A number of alternative options may be

available to carry out many of these activities. An option with least or nil

adverse environment impacts is to be selected. Critical analysis is therefore

required for selection of the right alternative. Alternative Analysis (AA) has

been done for critical aspects of the project. Alternative options were

considered with respect to the following:

i. Siting of Project

ii. Technology / Processes.

iii. No Project Option

3.1.0 SITTING OF PROJECT

3.1.1 GENERAL GUIDE LINES

Sitting restrictions for the project depend on the sensitivity of the

surrounding environment. Sensitivity of the project site should be assessed

in relation to its proximity to the ecologically sensitive places. As per MoEF

guidelines, following aspects are to be considered while selecting the site:

i. Land procured should be minimum but sufficient to provide greenbelt.

If treated effluent is to be utilized for irrigation, additional agricultural

land is to be made available.

ii. Enough space for storing solid waste.



iii. Layout and form of the project must confirm to the landscape of the

area with out affecting the existing scenic features.

iv. If associated township of the project is to be created, it must provide

space for phyto-graphic barrier between project and township and also

should take into account of wind direction.

v. The site should not be in migration route.

vi. It should not interfere with the natural water course

vii. Forest, agriculture, and fertile and other specified lands to be avoided.

viii. The following distances maintained between the project and specified

location

Estuaries: 200 m

Flood plains of riverian systems: 500M

Highways and Railways: 500M

Streams and rivers used for drinking water supply: 1500 m

Ecological and/or otherwise sensitive areas: 15 km

3.1.2 SITE REQUIREMENT FOR PROPOSED INDUSTRY

The distillery involves handling of huge quantities of raw materials and

products and therefore requires large area for installation of the industry. It

generates large quantity of highly contaminated effluents. Additional land is

also needed for providing effluent treatment facilities such as Concentration

and Incineration plant , effluent storage reservoirs etc.

The company has established and running a 4000 TCD sugar unit near

Havalga village in Afzalpur taluk in Gulbarga district and it has already

possesses about 145.32 acres (58.83 hectors) land, which is adequate for

the present and future expansion of the production capacity and its

infrastructure. The sugar unit surrounding is agricultural land and these

lands are mainly rain fed. The area is thinly populated. The site is away



from any sensitive locations and its meets the site selection criteria. Hence,

Shree Renuka Sugars Ltd (SRSL) has proposed to expansion of sugar unit

and co-gen unit and to establish a 300 KLPD capacity of distillery at the

location of the existing sugar unit premises with modern technology.

3.2.0 TECHNOLOGY/ PROCESS

The process selection is done based on the following considerations:

i. Least stress on resources including raw materials and utilities.

ii. Reduce, Recycle and Reuse of wastes.

iii. Least or no pollution from the industry.

iv. Least or no risk to human and property.

v. Least or no adverse impacts on environment.

The technology options for the proposed Ethanol plant were considered

based on raw material, process and waste water generation.

3.2.1 RAW MATERIAL

Ethanol can be produced by fermentation of various raw materials

containing starch or sugar such as maize, sweat sorghum, sugar cane juice,

sugar, molasses etc. However, molasses available from the sugar industry is

established to be preferable on techno-economical considerations. Molasses

is left out waste product after recovery of sugar from sugar juice. So far in

the country, ethanol is manufactured from molasses and grains as they are

available in sufficient quantities and at economical cost.

In recent years, the demand for alcohol is continuously increasing due to its

utilization as fuel and as raw material for various chemical products. As the

availability of molasses is limited large number of grain based distilleries are

coming up in the country. SRSL propose to establish a 300 KLPD plant by

molasses to meet the demand of the market and also maintain the stability

of the raw materials available to the industry.



3.2.2 MANUFACTURING PROCESS

Molasses is the chief raw material used in India for production of ethanol.

Molasses contains about 50% total sugars, of which, 30 to 33% are cane

sugar and the rest are reducing sugar. During the fermentation, yeast

strains of the species Saccharomyces, a living microorganism belonging to

class fungi converts sugar (sucrose) present in the molasses in to alcohol.

Chemically, this transformation for sucrose to ethanol can be approximated

by the equation.

I C12H22O11 + H2O = 2C6 H12O6

Cane Sugar Water Glucose/Fructose 342 18 360 II C6 H12O6 = 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

180 Ethanol Carbon-dioxide 92 88

The 180gm of sugars on reaction gives 92 gm of ethanol. Therefore, 1 Tonne

of sugar gives 511 kgs of alcohol. The specific gravity of ethanol is 0.7934.

Therefore, 511 kg of ethanol is equivalent to (511/0.7934) 644 litres of

ethanol. All the sugars are not converted to ethanol during the process of

fermentation because chemicals like amyl alcohol, glycerin; succinic acid,

etc. are also produced as side products (impurities) by yeast during their

metabolic process. Therefore, it is not possible to have 100% efficiency.

Ethanol can be conveniently manufactured from fermentation of molasses or

sugar cane juice. In sugar industries the molasses is produced in large

quantities as a waste product. Molasses contains 40 to 45% fermentable

sugar matter, which is made of disaccharide (sucrose) and monosaccharide

(fructose and glucose). Similarly cane juice also contains fermentable sugar

in the range of 3 to 15 % sugar. Fermentation has to be done in the

presence of yeast containing suitable enzyme such as inverts and zymage to

produce ethanol. The disaccharide present in molasses is first converted

into monosaccaride consisting of fructose and glucose and then into

ethanol. The reactions involved in fermentation are represented by,

C12H22O11+H2O C6H12O6+C6H12O6

Disaccharide d Glucose d Fructose



C6H1206 2C2H50H+2CO2

Monosaccharide Ethyl alcohol Selection of suitable culture and correct reaction conditions such as

temperature, pH, concentration of nutrients and mixing are essential to get

maximum yield of ethanol and also to prevent the formation of impurities.

The manufacture of ethanol basically involves fermentation of sugar

material. The fermenter solution is distilled to recover 95% ethanol as R.S.

Conventional fermentation process employed for production of Rectified

Spirit (R.S.) involves the batch process with 3 to 5 fermenters in series. The

fermentation is carried out with 15 to 20% solid content in the reactor. The

process generates 12 to 15 liters of spent wash water per liter of rectified

spirit and 220-230 liter rectified spirit per tone of molasses. The process was

subsequently improved by employing continuous fermentation process with

one or more fermenters in series. This has the advantage 250-270 liter R.S.

production per tone of molasses and 10-12 liter of spent wash generation

per liter of R.S. Continuous fermentation has reduced fermentation period to

less than 36 hours. The spent wash generation can be further reduced to 8

to 10 liters by incorporation of re-boilers in distillation columns.

SRSL have selected HIFERM-GR continuous fermentation technology with

yeast recycle using yeast separators for production of RS and ENA. The

genetically modified yeast stain used has property to form flocks and settle

faster than the sludge present in the medium. Hence, separation and recycle

of sludge is avoided. The yeast cream obtained by settling is subjected to

centrifugal yeast separation, acidified and then reactivated in the dilute

molasses medium. Reactivated yeast performs better compared to recycling

yeast with out reactivation. This has lead to higher fermentation efficiency,

higher productivity and generation of less quantity of spent wash. The

company proposes to implement 300 KLD distillery plant using molasses as

raw material keeping flexibility of using either molasses or grain as raw

material.



In the proposed 300 KLPD distillery, the average efficiency of conversion of

sugars present in molasses to alcohol is 80 to 85% of theoretical value. For

bringing out above biochemical reaction, we require proper and careful

handling of yeast, optimum parameters like pH and temperature control and

substrate concentration, which results into effective conversion of sugars to

alcohol.

The proposed distillation plant is designed as an INTEGRATED MODEL with

Zero Pollution option having no discharge of spent wash from the unit. It

has incorporated an advanced technology like Concentration by evaporation

and Incineration for disposal of spent wash generated in the process. The

product obtained by concentration and incineration of spent wash is used as

fuel in the boiler. The ash from the boiler contains phosphorus and potash

and therefore it can be used as a soil nutrient in agricultural lands. The

main features of INTEGRATED MODEL are,

i. Captive generation of fuel

ii. Multi fuel boiler capable of generating steam on fuels like, Bagasse

and other bio-mass.

iii. Zero pollution after adopting concentration and Incineration.

iv. Potash rich Ash generated from incineration boiler is to be used in the

agriculture lands of the farmers.

Recently the fermentation process is further improved by recycle of yeast

and use of better strains. Fermentation is completed in 18 to 24 hours in a

continuous system less than 8 liters of spent wash generation per liter of

R.S. the process also produces higher yield of ethanol. SRSL has adopted

the latest process with a view to minimize the problem of spent wash

management. A typical process flow diagram of RS plant is given in Figure –

3.1. Various modifications incorporated in the process to improve upon its

performance are summarized below:



i. Employment of improved culture and continuous fermentation

system, whereby, fermentation period is reduced from 72 hrs to less

than 18 hours.

ii. Clarification of fermented wash where by bio-culture developed in the

process is recovered and recycled. This has reduced the requirement

of fresh culture and nutrients in the fermenter.

iii. Multi pressure distillation to economize steam consumption.

iv. Provision of re-boiler, which has resulted in reduction of effluent

generation and fresh water requirement. This has dispensed with the

requirement of live steam to the distillation column and resulted in

further reduction of effluent quantity and requirement of fresh water.

3.2.3 WASTE WATER (SPENT WASH) MANAGEMENT

1. Spent Wash Treatment Methods

Zero Pollution by Distillery Effluent. - Technical Approach

CONCENTRATION-INCINERATION PROCESS FOR SPENTWASH

Concentration process: Molasses is fermented and distilled to produce alcohol. The wastewater in proportion of 1:10-12 from the distillation, called molasses alcohol slops, has a solid content of about 13 – 15% and organic matter content of about 8 to 10%.

Molasses alcohol slops (Spent wash) is concentrated in a four-effect evaporators to 65% solids. It is then taken to a storage tank for its use as fuel to generate steam. The condensate from fist effect evaporator is recycled as feed water to Boiler and condensate from the last three effects can be used for dilution purpose in the process. Thus practically there is NO NEED

FOR ANY PROCESS WATER. Burning process:

In order to burn concentrated slops in the Boiler-coal/furnace oil is used as fuel in the startup to raise the furnace temperature to 900



degree Centigrade. Then the concentrated slops are injected by a high pressure pump at a predetermined rate and is sprayed in the Boiler. There is no need to use any auxiliary fuel and the rated steam output can be achieved with Concentrated Slop. However, if additional Steam and Power are required for process it can be achieved with simultaneous burning of cheap, low calorific value Solid Fuels like Bagasse/ Rice Husk/ Coal.

The exhaust steam of Turbine can be used for concentrating wastewater while the surplus steam can be used for process. The flue gases will first pass through the ash separator in the furnace outlet where part of the coarse ash is separated, and then passed through the specially designed back-end boiler bank. The heat released can be used to heat feed water, and gases are passed through ESP/Bag filters. Ash from the Grating and the ash collected by the RESP/Bag filter can be converted into granular fertilizers of required proportion of N: P: K. In China, the proportion used is 8:8:9. The potassium content in Ash is around 12-17%. The addition of Urea & DAP shall be adjusted to give the required proportion. The thermal energy from the burning can be used for concentration and process. Steam is recycled and ash can be profitably used. Thus the recycling of alcohol waste to value added components are being achieved and at the same time achieving comprehensive and thorough treatment of sugar cane molasses alcohol slops leading to ZERO DISCHARGE.



3.1 Flow Chart of 300 KLPD Distillery

Molasses Storage

Dilutor

Pre Fermenter

Main Fermenter

Analyzer Column

Rectifier

Molecular Sieve

ETHANOL (300KL)

Fresh Water + Process

Condensate (685+900)

Molasses (1200T)

Yeast + Nutrient (0.5T)

CentrifugeCO2 & vapor loss (235T)

Filtrate

Spent Yeast sludge (0.5T)

Falling Film Evaporator

Concentrated Spent Wash (450KL)

Leen spent wash (1800KL)

Vapor Condensate

(900KL)

Condenser

Spent lees (450KL)

Cooling water

Fuel in Incineration Boiler along with supporting fuel


`WATER AND WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT EIA Report

NO PROJECT OPTION

No project option is considered mainly with respect to:

i. Utilization of natural resources

ii. Environmental impacts, harmful or beneficial

iii. Benefits of the industry to the society

Sugar industry is considered to be agricultural based industry which is

capable of improving the economic status of the rural population of the

country. Sugar cane crop is considered as cash crops for the farmers.

Therefore, sugar industry plays an important role in improving the

economic status of the region.

Distillery and co-gen is proposed mainly for the purpose of best utilization

of waste product such as molasses produced in the sugar industry to

produce ethanol. This product is environmental friendly and is essential

commodity as indicated below. The requirement of power to the distillery is

met from captive source. With improved technology adopted in the

distillery, the pollution to the environment is insignificant.

Ethanol is an essential product for use in beverages, as raw material for

various organic products and as a liquid fuel for use in automobiles.

Ethanol is useful as a substitute to the petroleum source and basically an

environmental friendly product. It is a major source of revenue to the

government. The production of ethanol has a potential in saving foreign

exchange and export earnings. Being an agro-based unit the distillery will

help farmers to improve their economic conditions. With expansion of the

distillery capacity the economic performance of the Company will also be

improved.

The proposed project will not cause depletion of natural resources or the significant adverse impacts on environment. On the contrary, it will produce value added resources such as ethanol, bio-manure and bio-energy. Hence, “No Project Option” is not considered.

Shree Renuka Sugars Limited, Havalga 5. 1


CHAPTER - 4

4.0.0 PROCESS DESCRIPTION AND SOURCES OF POLLUTION

This chapter presents process description, resources required with quantities, and the

waste products generated along with the source of pollution related to the sugar, co-gen

and distillery Industry after its proposed expansion.

4.1.0 MANUFACTURING PROCESS

Sugar cane is the raw material for manufacture of sugar. Juice is extracted from sugar

cane, which is then processed to recover sugar. Bagasse, which is the left out fiber

material after extraction of juice from sugar cane, is used as fuel in boiler to produce

steam. Steam is used evaporation of sugar juice and for generation of electric power. The

flow diagram of sugar manufacturing process is given in Figure - 4.1 and 4.2. A brief

description of the process is given bellow.

i. CRUSHING OF SUGARCANE

Sugarcane is harvested and dressed in the fields and then supplied to factories through

Lorries, tractor trailers or bullock carts. Crushing takes place mainly in two stages; first

the preparation and then milling. Preparation is done in leveller, cutter and fibrizer. The

prepared cane is then crushed by passing through 4 sets of mills. Hot water is added in

the course of crushing as imbibitions water for better extraction of juice from sugarcane.

After crushing, the bagasse is sent to boiler as fuel and juice is sent for purification and

recovery of sugar.

ii. JUICE CLARIFICATION

The weighed quantity of juice is primarily heated 70-75 0C in juice heaters and then

treated with lime solution. The juice is heated again to 100-115 0C in another set of juice

heaters. The hot juice is sent to clarifier. Clarified juice is decanted out and sent for

evaporation in a set of multiple effect evaporator bodies. The juice at 15% is concentrated

in the evaporators in to a syrup of 60% concentration.

iii. CRYSTALLIZATION

The syrup is sent to pan floor for further concentration in vacuum pans. The syrup

collected in supply tanks is taken to pans for boiling where the syrup concentrates and

attains super saturation stage. In such a condition sugar grains are formed in the syrup.

The syrup mass with sugar particles is called massecuite. The massecuite is dropped in

crystallisers and cooled to complete the crystallization.

iv. CENTRIFUGE



Massecuite is taken into the high-speed centrifugal machine. Sugar crystals are separated

form mother Liquor and sent to driers. Non crystallisable matter from the syrup, called

molasses, is drained out from the centrifuge. The molasses is weighed and sent to storage

tank.

v. DRYING GRADING AND BAGGING

Sugar is dried in the vibrating hopper and graded by passing though standard sieves. The

graded sugar is bagged, weighted for 50 and 100 Kg net, stitched, numbered and stacked

in sugar godown.

vii. STEAM GENERATION

The steam is required for both power and sugar plants. The boiler is fired with bagasse

generated in the sugar plant. The flue gas from the boiler is passed through ESP/Bagfilter

to free it from suspended particles and then vented through a chimney of adequate height.

The boiler ash is quenched and is sent to collector bin through belt conveyor. Bagasse

from mills or storage yard is sent to boiler through mechanical conveyor.

vii. ELECTRICITY GENERATION

The high pressure steam from the boiler is passed through back

pressure steam turbine. Back pressure steam exhausted at 1.5 kg/cm2

from turbine is used in sugar plant to meet its process requirement. The

electric power produced from turbine is used to meet the captive power

requirement of the sugar industry. The operation parameters for sugar and

power plant are given in Table-4.1.

2.1.0 LAND REQUIREMENT

A total of 58.83 hectare land is present with the co- gen sugar unit. The proposed

expansion will be carried out in the existing premise of the co-gen sugar unit. The land

required for the proposed expansion is already available with industry. The lay out plan of

the co-gen sugar industry along with the existing distillery plant of 300 KLPD is given in

Annexure-3. The utilization of land for the present and proposed expanded capacities is

given in Table – 4.2




Figure – 4.1 Process Flow Chart sugar and distillery

Hot water CANE 'A','B' & R4

Sugar

R4

Milling

Mixed

Juice Heating

Reaction Tank

Juice Heating

Clarifier

Clear Juice

Evaporation

Syrup

'A' Sugar A. H. Molasses

'B' Sugar 'B' Molasses

Melter

Raw Melt

Boilers

Power

Muddy Juice

Vacuum Filter

Filter Cake

COMPOSTING

Milk of Lime

Scum

Melt

Scum Clear

Deep Bed Filter

Filtered Melt

R1 Massecuite

R1 Sugar R1 Molasses R2 Massecuite

R2 Molasses R3 Massecuite

R3 M l

R2 Sugar

R3 S

Scum De-sweetening

Sweet Water

P2O5 Decolouriser Lime Sucrate

Flocculant

Scum to

Muddy

Bagasse

65O Brick

'B' Massecuit

Filter

'A' Massecutete

`WAT ER AND WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT EIA Report

Figure-4.2 Flow Chart of Sugar Manufacturing Process


Hot Water Bagasse

Cane

Milling

Mixed Juice

Boiler

H.P Steam

Power Plant

L.P. Steam Power

Juice heating

Reaction Tank Milk of Lime

Juice Heater

Muddy Juice

Vacuum FilterClarifier

Clear Juice

Evaporator

Filter Cake

Storage Yard

Syrup

‘A’ Pan Boiling

‘A’ Sugar AH Molasses

‘B’ Sugar ‘B’ Molasses

‘C’ Sugar Final Molasses

Storage Tank SUGAR


TABLE – 4.1 Operation Parameters of Co- Gen Sugar Industry

A. OERATION DURING SEASON

Sl.

No.

Parameter 10000 TCD

Plant

1 Cane crushing capacity, TPD (TPH) 10000 (420)

2 Sugar production (at 11 % 0n cane), TPD 1100

3 Number of Crushing days/year 270

4 Boiler Details,

Boiler No.1

Capacity, Steam, T/hr 35

Steam, Kg/cm2

32

Fuel Bagasse, T/hr 16.0

Boiler No.2

Capacity Steam, T/hr 35

Steam, Kg/cm2 32

Fuel Bagasse, T/hr 16.0

Boiler No.3

Capacity Steam, T/hr 100

Steam, Kg/cm2 67



Fuel Bagasse, T/hr 64

5 Annual cane crushing, T/ yr 2700000

6 Annual sugar production, T/ yr 297000

7 Steam generation, TPH 180

8 Steam to Bagasse ratio, kg/kg 2.3

9 Power generation, MW 31.5

10

Power consumption, MW, for sugar plant

Distillery

Power plant auxiliaries, lighting Total

6.0 3.0 2.5 11.5

11 Power export (during season) 20.0

12 Bagasse utilization as fuel T/d

T/yr

1880 507130

13 Bagasse in cane % 30

14 Bagasse generation (max.) T/d

T/yr

3000 810000

15 Bagasse as Filter aid (at 0.6% on cane), T/d T/yr

60 16200



B. OPERATION DURING OFF-SEASON

Sl. No. Parameter

1 Off-season working days/year 75

2 Boiler Details , Boiler No.3 Capacity

Steam,

T/hr

Steam,

Kg/cm2

Fuel (Either bagasse or coal) For Bagasse, T/hr

100 67

45.0

3 Steam generation, TPH 100

4 Steam to Bagasse ratio, kg/kg 2.2

5 Power generation, MW 25.5

6 Power consumption, MW

Distillery

Power plant auxiliaries, lighting Total

3.0 2.5 5.5

7 Power export 20.0

8 Fuel utilization (Bagasse or Rice husk)

In case of bagasse T/d, T/yr (75 days)

1090 81818

1

Table – 4.2 Land Utilization

Area, Ha Sl. No.

Particulars of land utilization Present Plant After

Expansion Distillery unit of 300 KLPD

1. Built up Plant facilities including the areas for sugar plant, power

8.0 10.0 6.6



plant, switch yard, WTP, lime and chemical storage, Cooling tower, administrative office etc)

2. Ash and press mud storage area 1.3 2.5 - 3. Storage of bagasse (fuel) 2.0 3.4 - 4. Internal roads, parking and lawns 2.0 3.4 - 5. Cane yard 2.0 2.5 5.0 6. Green belt 19.00 13.0 6.00 7. Open area and land for future expansion 24.53 4.00 2.43 Total land area 58.83 38.80 20.03

Total land area available in the sugar complex is 58.83 Hectors.

4.3.0 RAW MATERIAL AND PRODUCTS

RAW MATERIALS

The main raw material required for manufacture of sugar is sugarcane, which is obtained

from agricultural source existing in the region of the factory. Chemicals such as lime,

phosphoric acid etc. are used in the process for purification of sugarcane juice. Common

salt, hydrochloric acid and caustic soda are used in water treatment plant. Lubricating oil

and grease are also used as consumable in the industry. The raw material sugar cane is

available in adequate quantities in the vicinity of the industry. Chemicals and

consumables are locally available in the country. The details of raw materials and

products are given in Table-4.3.

Sugar is the main product in the industry. However, Bagasse molasses and press mud are

also produced as by products in the process. Bagasse is used as fuel in the boiler. The

high -pressure steam is used in turbines as a source of power.

Other by-products viz., press mud and molasses, which once thought to be waste

products, are now advantageously sold to profitable applications. Press mud is used as

manure in agriculture. Molasses is used as raw material for manufacture ethanol and

other products. The process flow chart indicating material balance for the process for

4000 TCD and 10000 TCD sugar plant is shown in Figure-4.3A and Figure-4.3B

respectively. The Material balance chart for 300 KLD distillery unit given in Figure -4.4



Table – 4.3 Raw Material and Products of Co-gen sugar unit

Present After expansion Sl. No.

Item % of cane T/D T/mth T/D T/mth

1 Raw Material sugar cane 100 4000 120000 10000 300000 2 Consumables Chemicals Lime (water treatment) - 0.15 4.50 0.38 1.14 Lime (Sugar plant) 0.12 4.8 144.0 12.0 36.0 Caustic soda (100 %) (Water treatment) 0.07 2.0 0.18 5.4 Hydrochloric acid (30%) (Water treatment) 0.14 4.2 0.35 10.5 Sodium chloride (100%) 0.05 1.50 0.13 3.9 Phosphoric acid 0.001 0.04 1.20 0.10 3.0 Flocculants & misc. chemicals 0.02 0.60 0.05 1.50 3 Oil, grease and oil coolant 0.1 3.0 0.25 7.5 4 Fuel

Bagasse

768

23040

1745

52363 5 Product, Sugar 11 440 13200 1100 33000 6 By product Bagasse (50 % moisture) 30 1160 34800 2900 87000 Press mud, [75 % moisture] 4 160 4800 400 10200 Molasses, [25 % moisture] 4 160 4800 400 10200

Table – 4.4 Raw material and products of Distillery Unit

Materials Proposed

300 KLPD plant

Raw Materials and Chemicals

Molasses 1200 T/d

Urea 0.5 T/d

Antifoam 0.25 T/d

DAP 0.5 T/d

Yeast culture 0.15 T/d

Press mud 712 T/d

Products

Rectified spirit (RS) 300 KLPD

Ethanol (out of RS) 300 KLPD

Fusel oil (by product) 0.6 T/d




Figure-4.3A Material Balance with Manufacturing Flow Chart for 4000 TCD Plant

CANE

MILL

CLARIFIER BOILER

FILTE

EVAPORATOR PANS

CRYSTALIZER & CENTRIFUGE

4000 VAPOUR LOSS 40

BAGASSEE TO FILTER AID

30

SAVED BAGASSE 295

835

ASH 8.4

AIR

FLUE GASES 4592

JUCE 4000

LIME

4.8

PHOSPHORIC D 0.04 ACI

45

40

1440 80 GLAND COOLING WATER

HOT WATER TANK

HEAT EXCHANGE

EJECTOR CONDENSER

EXCESS CONDENSATE

760

2280

2280

114034

MOLASSES 160

VAPOUR LOSS 95

LIVESTEAM 80

655

CLEAR JUCE 4075

PRESS MUD

160

WASH WATER 200

FLASH 40 FILTER AID

BAGASSE 30

IMBINITION WATER1200

3420



Figure-4.3B Material Balance with Manufacturing Flow Chart for 10000 TCD Plant

Figure-4.4 Material Balance Chart for 300 KLPD Distillery unit

DRIFT EVOPORATION WATER LOSS

CANE

MILL

CLARIFIER BOILER

FILTER

CRYSTALIZER & CENTRIFUGE

DRIER

10000VAPOUR LOSS 100

BAGASSEE TO FILTER

AID 75

SAVED BAGASSE 738

2088

ASH 21

AIR

FLUE GASES 11480

JUCE 10000

LIME

12

PHOSPHORIC ACID 0.1

112.5

100

3600 200 GLAND COOLING

WATER

HOT WATER TANK

HEAT EXCHANGE

EJECTOR CONDENSER

EXCESS CONDENSATE

1900

5700

5700

2850

1020

SUGAR, 1100

PURGE WATER

370

2580

BOILER BLOW DOWN

MOLASSES 400

VAPOUR LOSS 119

LIVESTEAM 200

1638

CLEAR JUCE 10188

PRESS MUD

320

WASH WATER500

FLASH 100 FILTER AID

BAGASSE 75

IMBINITION WATER 3400

8550

Note Figures indicated are in T/d of material

COOLING

EVAPORATOR PANS


4.4.0 MAN POWER

A total of 530 employees including office staff, skilled & unskilled workers and contract

labours are present in the existing plant. Additional 100 employees will be required after

the expansion. Labours and supervisory staff are available with in the vicinity of the

industry. Senior staff experienced in co-gen sugar industry is available within the state.

Categorization of employees is given bellow.

Sl.No. Employee category Present plant

10000 TCD Sugar Plant

300 KLPD Distillery Plant

1 Managerial 5 12 5 2 Junior Managerial 15 25 6 3 Supervisory 20 45 12 4 Clerical, Administration & 15 60 10

Molasses Storage

Dilutor

Pre Fermenter

Main Fermenter

Analyzer Column

Rectifier

Molecular Sieve

ETHANOL (300KL)

Fresh Water + Process

Condensate (685+900)

Molasses (1200T)

Yeast + Nutrient (0.5T)

CentrifugeCO2 & vapor loss (235T)

Filtrate

Spent Yeast sludge (0.5T)

Falling Film Evaporator

Concentrated Spent Wash (450KL)

Leen spent wash (1800KL)

Vapor Condensate

(900KL)

Spent lees (450KL)

Cooling water

Fuel in Incineration Boiler along with supporting fuel



supporting functions 5 Cane Development 25 50 - 6 Skilled 60 140 5 7 Semiskilled 35 105 5 8 Trainee 30 40 10 Total 205 477 53

The sugar complex will have total man power of 530. The company has a policy of

providing residential accommodation on-site for the essential employees.

2.5.0 WATER REQUIREMENT AND ITS SOURCE

Sugar cane itself contains water by about 71 % of its own weight. Large quantity of water

from sugar cane is recovered by evaporation of sugar juice. The water thus recovered is

utilized in the sugar plant. Fresh water is drawn from river Bhima located in the vicinity of

the site. The fresh water requirement is 106 m3/d at the present sugar plant capacity of

4000 TCD and it will be about 150 m3/d after expansion of the unit to 10000 TCD. Fresh

water 842 m3/d is requirement for the distillery is only for the dilution of molasses, plant

washings and domestic applications. The utilization of cooling water and other process

needs are met from recycled water from sugar plant and boiler condensate.

4.6.0 STEAM AND POWER GENERATION PLANTS

The existing plant consists of two boilers of 35 TPH capacity and two turbine sets (T.Gen-1 and T.Gen.-2). During expansion, a boiler (Boiler-3) and a turbine set (Gen-3) will be added. The specifications of these equipments are given bellow. Two boilers were installed at the start of the industry and is not economical for higher capacity sugar units. This is retained only as a stand-by unit. Boiler-3 is designed to operate on bagasse or coal. In case of non availability of bagasse the boiler-3 is run on coal. Other boilers are designed for operation with Bagasse/biogas. Boiler capacities of are given in Table-4.5.

4.6.1 BOILER CAPACITIES Table-4.5 Boiler Capacities Steam, (max.) Fuel Boiler No T/hr kg/cm2 0C Material T/hr

Present Plant Boiler-1 35 32 380 Bagasse/biogas 16.0 Boiler-2 35 32 380 Bagasse 16.0

Addition during Expansion Boiler-3 100 87 520 Bagasse 64.0

4.6.2 POWER GENERATORS

The steam from the boiler is admitted to the turbine where the same expands to the exhaust end in the process generating electrical power. The exhaust steam at 1.5 kg/cm2 is used in the process. The Steam turbine capacities are given in Table – 4.6.



4.6.3 POWER REQUIREMENT

Power is required to run sugar and power plants and also to meet lighting and

maintenance requirement. Power requirement is met by co-gen power generated in the

industry. The power generation is more than its need in the industry. The surplus power

available from the industry is exported to the public distribution system. The details of

power generation and its utilization in the industry during season and off-season periods

at the present capacity of 4000 TCD and expanded capacity of 10000 TCD is given Table –

4.7. In addition, to meet the emergency requirement of power during power failure, a

diesel generator of two numbers of 500 KVA is provided in the industry.

Table-4.6 Steam Turbine Capacities Inlet Steam Exhaust Power, max. Generator

N0. T/hr kg/cm2 C0 type MW Present Plant T.Gen-1 35 32 380 Back pressure 3 T.Gen-2 35 32 380 Back pressure 3

Addition during Expansion

T.Gen-3 100 87 520 Double extraction Cum Condensing 25.5

Table-4.7 Power Generation & Utilization Particulars 10000 TCD Plant

During Season, MW Power consumption Sugar plant 6.0 Distillery 3.0 Power plant & lighting 2.5 Total Power used 11.5 Power export 20.0 Power Generation 31.5 During Off-Season, MW Power consumption Distillery 3.0 Power plant & lighting 2.5 Total Power used 5.5 Power export 20.0 Power Generation 25.5

4.7.0 WASTE

PRODUCTS GENERATED FROM THE SUGAR INDUSTRY

Waste products generated in the industry are briefed below and their details are given in

fore going chapters.

i. Waste water

Waste water of is generated from the sugar Industry. It is treated to the desired standards

and discharge to greenery development and agricultural land. In addition, excess



condensate water, which is of relatively good quality is also discharged to agricultural

land.

ii. Solid Waste

Solid by-products such as bagasse, press mud and molasses are generated as process

waste products (byproducts) from the industry. Press mud is supplied to member formers

for their used as bio–manure and molasses is used in distilleries for its use as raw

material in manufacture of ethanol. Bagasse produced from the Industry is used as a

fuel in the boilers. Solid wastes such as boiler ash, ETP sludge and lime sludge are also

produced from the sugar industry. These are disposed to farmers for their use as soil

conditioner in land.

iii. Gaseous Emissions

Boiler flue gases are the main gaseous emissions from the sugar industry. Boilers are fired

with bagasse or coal. SPM and SO2 are the significant pollutants in flue gases.

Electrostatic precipitator/bagfilters and chimney of adequate height are incorporated with

the boiler to control pollution from the flue gases.

iv. Spent Oils

Spent lubricating and cooling oils are produced as waste oils from bearings and diesel

engine. They are categorized under hazardous wastes. Spent oils are stored in drums and

disposed to authorized agencies for reprocessing and reuse.

4.8.0 WASTE PRODUCTS GENERATED FROM DISTILLERY UNIT

Waste water, gaseous emissions and solid wastes are generated from the distillery. These

products will be suitably treated and disposed with out causing harm to the environment

as indicated below.

Treatment and Disposal of waste Products

Sl.no. Waste product and source

Treatment and disposal

1.0 Waste water 1.1 Spent wash Concentrated in evaporators and burnt as fuel in an

incineration type of boiler 1.2 Other effluents Neutralized and settled in guard pond and utilized on

land for irrigation of plantation and crops. 2.0 Gaseous emissions 2.1 Flue gases from

……….T/h boilers. Boiler fuels: Bio-mass and Concentrated spent wash

Passed through Bag filer/ESP for control of suspended matter and then vented through a common chimney of adequate height.

2.2 Flue gases from 2 Nos of 380 KVA Diesel

The unit is provided with air and noise pollution control measures as per specified standards. It is



generators operated only during the failure of power supply from regular source to maintain essential services.

3.0 Solid wastes 3.1 Boiler ash from ………

T/h boilers. Boiler ash contains plant nutrienta such as potash and phosphates. It is sold to farmers for use in agriculture lands.

3.2 Fermenter sludge The sludge from fermenter contains organic nutrient and micro elements suitable for use in cattle and poultry feed. The sludge is filtered and the cake is dried. The dry sludge is sold for use in cattle and poultry feed.



4.8.1 SOLID WASTES

Yeast sludge is the only solid waste produced in the ethanol plant. It is small in quantity

(6 T/d) and contains about 95 % moisture. It contains organic matter and other plant

nutrients such as N, P and K. About ……..ton of ash obtained from incineration boiler.

The ash/sludge is mixed with press mud and then used as agricultural manure in the

farmers land.



Chapter - 5 5.0.0.0 WATER AND WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT Fresh water requirement of the industry is met from Bhima river source. The quality of

river water is given Annexure. The consumption of fresh water for the existing unit

consisting of 4000 TCD sugar plant and 6 MW power plant is 1550 KLD and the effluent

generated is 760 KLD. The effluent is treated in sugar plant ETP and applied on land for

agricultural purposes. After expansion the industry will consist of co-gen sugar unit with

10000 TCD sugar plant and 31.5 MW power plant along with 300 KLPD distillery unit.

The consumption of water in the proposed plants will be substantially reduced by

adoption of various conservation measures including reuse of condensate water, provision

of re-boiler, reuse of lees water etc. After expansion the proposed co-gen sugar unit will

utilize 626 KLD of fresh water and generate 691 KLD of effluent. In addition the distillery

will utilize 1524 KLD of fresh water and generates the 2400 KLD of spent wash and 150

KLD other effluents.

Water utilization in the proposed distillery of 300 KLPD is about, 670 m3/d. The water

requirement to the distillery is likely to enhance substantially. However, water

conservation measures as indicated below will be incorporated in the proposed plant to

reduce the requirement fresh water.

• Provision of re-boiler to the analyzer column.

• Re cycle of lees water for dilution of substrate in fermenter.

• Condensate water recovered from spent wash evaporators will be used as cooling

water make up.

After expansion, fresh water requirement to the distillery will be met from Bhima river.

Government of Karnataka has granted permission to draw 2000 m3/d water from river

Bhima (Enclosure-9).

The water and waste water managements for co-gen sugar and distillery are presented below 5.1.0.0 CO-GEN SUGAR UNIT 5.1.1.0 SOURCE AND UTILIZATION OF WATER

i. Recovered Water from Sugar Cane

Sugar cane contains about 70% water. Sugar cane is crushed in mills to separate the juice

from bagasse). Juice is clarified and the impurities present in it are separated with the

filter cake (press mud). Clarified juice is evaporated and the vapours generated are

condensed. The vapour condensate is utilized in sugar plant to meet its process water

requirement. Fresh water requirement in the industry is therefore considerably reduced.



The quantitative details of water present in cane and its distribution (utilization) in the

system is given bellow.

Water in cane 70 % on cane Water loss with bagasse 15 % on cane Imbibition water added 30 % on cane Water vapour loss at mill 1 % on cane Water in raw juice 84.0 % on cane Filter wash water added 5 % on cane Lime water added 0.7 % on cane Water added with filter aid 0.4 % on cane Water vapour loss at clarifier 1 % on cane Water in clear juice 89.1% on cane Water loss with press mud 3 % on cane Medium pressure steam in to syrup 2.24 % on cane Water loss with molasses 1 % on cane Water vapour loss at crystalizer & centrifuge 2.64 % on cane Water evaporated from juice and recovered as vapour condensate 84.7 % on cane

The water present in cane juice is vaporized in evaporators and pans. At 84.7 % on cane,

for the sugar unit of 10000 TCD the water evaporated in the process amounts to 8470

m3/d. The vapours generated from evaporators and pans are condensed in evaporator

jackets, pan jackets and juice heaters. The condensate water thus generated is collected

and utilized to meet the process water requirement in the plant such as imbibitions in

mill, washing in vacuum filter, pump gland cooling, etc. Excess condensate will be let out

on land for irrigation. The quality of excess condensate water is given in Table-5.1.

Table 5.1 Characteristics of Excess Condensate Water

Parameters Value Temperature 0c 42 Ph 7.0 Dissolved solids , ppm 360 Suspended solids, ppm 60 BOD, ppm 20 COD, ppm 28 Oil, ppm Nil

The water vapours generated from last bodies of evaporator and pans are condensed in

sugar plant circulating cooling water (barometric condensers). The condensate water

collected in barometric condenser is utilized as make up of cooling water. Excess water

from the cooling plant will be drained out as purge water. The utilization of condensate

water in the process is indicated in Table-5.2.

Table-5.2 Utilization of Condensate Water, (m3/d)

Imbibition (30 % on cane) : 3000

Lime preparation : 70

Vacuum filter wash (5 % on cane) : 500

Pump gland cooling (4 % on cane) : 100



Make up for sugar plant cooling tower : 2428

Excess condensate to turbine cooling tower : 2260

Excess condensate to ETP : 112

Total : 8470

ii. Fresh Water from River Source

Fresh water is required in the co-gen plant for boiler feed and condenser cooling water

make up and in the sugar plant for process application, domestic use, and gardening. The

quantity of water required by the industry will be drawn from the river and pumped to the

site. The raw water will be is stored in the reservoir located at the highest level of the

project site. The quality of water from river Bhima is given in Table-5.3.

Table – 5.3 Quality of River Bhima Water (All parameter except pH and turbidity are in mg / litre)

Parameter Value

pH 7.4 Electrical Conductivity (Micro mho / cm) 166 Turbidity in NTU 10 Alkalinity (as Ca Co3) 31 Dissolved Oxygen 6.7 COD 8 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen 2.6 Total Hardness as CaCO3 62 Total Suspended Solids 22 Total dissolved Solids 111 Chlorides (as Cl) 35 Sulphates (as SO4) 11 Calcium (as Ca) 16 Magnesium (Mg) 6 Sodium (as Na) 21

iii. Water Treatment

The water has to be treated in a suitable water treatment plant. The extent of water

treatment required for different applications is given below.

Boiler feed : De-mineralized water Cooling water : Soft water Domestic use : Clarified, filtered and chlorinated Gardening : Raw water Process in sugar plant & distillery : Soft water

Raw water from Bhima River is pumped to the main water reservoir of 20000 m3 capacity.

The reservoir is a rectangular tank constructed of stone masonry/RCC. The tank is

divided in to three compartments by internal partition walls. The bottom flooring of each

compartment is V shaped with central discharge gutter running along the length of the

compartment for easy drainage of accumulated sludge. During rainy days the tank also

serves the purpose of settling and clarification of the turbid water.




The water from reservoirs is pumped to chemical mixer and then to mechanical

clariflocculator. The clarified water is collected in a clarified water treatment plant for

further treatment.

The clarified water is passed through pressure filter and then water softening plant. The

soft water is collected in soft water storage tank for use in cooling water make up and

sugars plant and distillery applications. Part of the filter plant outlet water is directly

taken to demineralised plant for use in boiler feed water makeup.

Water requirement for domestic use is drawn from filter plant outlet and collected in an

overhead water storage tank. Chemicals such as lime, sodium carbonate, caustic soda,

bleaching powder, flocculants and hydrochloric acids are used in water treatment plant.

iv. Water Balance

The major demand of process water in sugar plant is met by recovered vapour condensate.

The requirement of fresh water for different applications in the sugar industry is given in

Table 5.4. The water balance statement for sugar industry is given in Table – 5.5. The

flow chart of manufacturing process with water balance is given in Figure 5.1.

Table 5.4 Fresh Water Requirement for the Co-gen Sugar Unit, m3/d Boiler water make up (5% of boiler capacity) : 409 Water treatment plant regeneration : 24 Laboratory : 2 Floor and equipment washing : 36 Cooling water makeup for mill & turbine bearings : 50

Total factory 521 Domestic : 105

Factory (530 persons at 50 lit/d) 27 Quarters,120 Nos. (600 persons at 130 lit/d per head) 78

Total 626

Figure 5.1Flow Chart of Water Balance for Co-gen Sugar Unit

DRIFT & EVOP. LOSS, 40

WTP WASH, - 24

PLANT 1ST FLOOR WASHING - 36

PURGE WATER - 10

WATER TREATMENT PLANT

LABORATORY

PLANT WASH

MILL & TURBINE COOLING

RAW WATER 626

LABORATORY WASTE WATER - 2

50

36

MILL

8400 IMBIBITION 3000

VAPOUR LOSS 100

7000

1500

CANE

TURBINE

822

DRIFT & EVAP.LOSS, 722

Excess condensate from plant


Table-5.5 Water Balance for Co-gen Sugar Unit

1. WATER IN TO SYSTEM, m3/d A. Fresh water : 626 i. Domestic use in factory : 105 ii. Laboratory : 2 iii. Plant and floor washing : 36 iv. Water treatment plant regeneration : 24 v. Boiler water makeup (8 % on steam) : 409 vi. Make up water for mill & turbine Cooling water (1.66 of 300m3/hr) : 50 B. Water from sugar cane (10000 X 0.70 = 3500) : 7000

Total : 7626

2. WATER OUT OF SYSTEM, m3/d 1. Domestic effluent (90% of water used) : 95 2. Factory effluent : 484 Laboratory waste water : 2 Pump gland cooling water : 100



Plant & floor washing : 36 Purge from mill & turbine cooling water : 10 WTP generation wash : 24 Purge from cooling water of ejector condensers : 312 C. Excess vapour condensate to distillery plant as cooling water make up : 1535 D. Water loss with bagasse : 1460 E. Water loss with press mud & molasses : 310 F. Vapour losses to Atmosphere : 3747

i. Vapour & drift loss from cooling water mill and turbine Bearing (1.66% of 300 m3/hr): 50 ii. Vapour & drift loss from the cooling water of ejector condenser (1.92% of 5000 m3/hr) 2301 iii. Steam losses at traps & vent (at 2.4% on steam production) : 100 IV. Domestic water loss during utilization : 10 v. vapour loss at crystallization & centrifugation : 264 vi. Flash vapour loss at clarifier : 100 vii. Vapour loss at mill : 100 viii. Vapour & drift loss from turbine cooling water (1.5% of 10000 m3/hr) : 822 Total : 7626

5.1.2.0 SOURCE OF WASTE WATER

The Wastewater generated in sugar factory is relatively less toxic and less hazardous.

Further the sugar processing does not involve any process water discharges. The

wastewater generated is mainly due to washing of floors and equipments in addition to

boiler and cooling water purge. The waster water generated can therefore be substantially

reduced by good house keeping. The details of source and quantity of wastewater from

sugar factory are enumerated below.

i. Spillage, Leakage & Floor Washings

In a sugar factory wastewater of high contamination is generated mainly due to leakage

and spillage of juice, syrup and molasses in different sections of the manufacturing plant.

Leakage occurs at pipe joints and pump glands. Spillage and splashing occur at different

equipments. The periodical washing of floor also contributes significant pollution load to

the wastewater. Cleaning of equipments such as evaporators, pans, juice heaters etc, also

produces wastewater. Though, these wastes are small in quantity but contain high BOD

and low pH. Good housekeeping, effective maintenance and efficient plant operation can

considerably reduce the generation of this wastewater. Spillage and washings can be

collected in small sumps constructed at such locations and these can be recycled to the

process. If planned well the generation of such wastewater can be totally avoided. However

at present the wastewater does generate. The effluent from mill plant contains fibres,

grease and oil. The effluent from lime preparation and clarifier house contains high

suspended solids.



Quantity of effluent due to spillage, leakage, floor, and equipment: 36 m3/d

ii. Boiler Blowdown

Steam generation from boiler is 170 T/hr. Major part of the steam produced is condensed

in evaporators, pans and juice heaters and the condensate collected is re-circulated as

feed water in to the boiler. A small quantity live steam is also used in centrifuge, ejector

and crystallizers. D.M. water with low dissolved solids (less than 15 ppm) is used as make

up feed water in the boiler. Auxiliary chemicals such as caustic and phosphate are added

to the feed water to prevent scale, corrosion and carry over in the boiler. As the

evaporation continues, concentration of dissolved solids in boiler increases. Therefore,

solids present in boiler continue to build up. Boiler blow down of about 24 % of the feed

water is therefore maintained to control the concentration of dissolved solids in the boiler

water. The boiler blow down contains a maximum of 200 ppm dissolved solids and 5 ppm

of hardness. The BOD and COD content in boiler blow down is almost nil. The blow down

allowed in the boiler is about 66 m3/d.The quality of boiler blow down is relatively of

better quality and it may be advantageously added to the circulating cooling water

channel. The utilization of boiler water in m3/d is given below.

Steam generation : 4080

Steam loss at traps and vents at 2.5% on evaporation : 100

Live stem used at centrifuge at 2.2 % on cane : 224

Boiler blow down 2 % on evaporation : 85

Boiler feed make up water : 409

iii. Laboratory Waste Water

Waste water is generated in the laboratory due to washing and rinsing of apparatus. The

chemicals and juice samples used in the laboratory are ultimately let out to drain along

with water as wastewater. The effluent is small in quantity and moderately contaminated.

Recycle of juice samples and chemicals to factory process will control the quantity and

quality of wastewater from the laboratory.

Laboratory waste water : 2 m3 / d

iv. Domestic Waste Water

Domestic waste water is generated from factory and from residential quarters. A total of 524

persons are working in the industry. A total of 120 residential quarters are provided in the

industry and an average of 5 persons are expected to be residing in each quarter. Fresh water

is utilized for domestic needs in the factory at a rate of 50 lit/d per head. Fresh water

consumed and waste water generated due to domestic usage of water is given bellow:



Domestic water usage in the factory : 26 m3/d

(at 50 lit/d per head for 524 persons)

Domestic water usage in quarters : 79 m3/d

(at 130 lit/d per head for 600 persons)

Total Domestic water usage : 105 m3/d

Domestic waste water from factory : 25 m3/d

(at 90 % of the water utilized)

Domestic waste water from residential quarters : 70 m3/d

(at 90 % of the water utilized)

Total domestic waste water : 95 m3/d v. Purge from Barometric Condenser

The vapours from last effect evaporator and pan boiling are passed through steam ejector

and then sent to barometric condenser, wherein circulating cooling water at the rate of

about 2500 m3/hr is used to scrub, condense and cool the vapors. The total quantity of

vapour condensate added in to the circulation water is 3671 m3/d. 2301 m3/d of the

circulation water is lost as vapour and drift losses in cooling tower. In case of overloading

of pan and evaporators the vapours may become contaminated due to entrainment. This

circulation water is relatively more contaminated as compared to that of boiler blow down

and turbine cooling water purge. The quality of circulation water is improved by its

dilution with 85 m3/d boiler blow down and 100 m3/d turbine cooling water purge. Excess

water of about 312 m3/d from cooling tower channel is drained out as purge.

Circulation cooling water : 2500 m3/d

Vapour condensate added : 2260

Boiler blow down added : 85

Turbine cooling water purge added : 100

Drift & evaporaton loss : 2301

Purge water ; 312

vi. Purge from Mill Cooling Water

Large quantity of water is circulated for cooling of mill and turbine bearings. It is

necessary to purge some of the cooling water to maintain its quality. Evaporation and drift

loss in this case small. Fresh water is used as make up water to compensate the purge

and also the vapour and drift losses.

Cooling water circulation rate, m3/hr : 200 m3/d

Evaporation and drift losses (200 X 2.25 %X 24) : 80 m3/d

Make up cooling water, m3/d : 100



Purge water from cooling tower, m3/d : 20

vii. Purge from Turbine Cooling Water

Large quantity of water is circulated through turbine surface condenser for condensation

of exhaust steam. Cooling water purge of this system is of relatively good quality, it is sent

to sugar plant cooling water system. Fresh water is used as make up water to compensate

the purge and also the vapour and drift losses.

Cooling water circulation rate, : 6000 m3/hr

Evaporation and drift losses (6000 X 1.5 %X 24) : 2160 m3/d

Make up cooling water, m3/d : 2260

Purge water from cooling tower, m3/d : 100

viii. Cooling Water from Glands

100 m3/d of vapour condensate collected from evaporators water is circulated through

pump glands and centrifuge glands etc. for the purpose of cooling, lubrication and water

seal. The vapour condensate is cooled before being used. This water is can also be totally

re-circulated. However, in practice this water is drained out due to its likely contamination

with pumping liquid such as juice and molasses. 112 m3/d of this cooling water is

drained to gutters.

ix. Water Treatment Plant Washings

Water treatment plant consists of clarifier, filter, softening and de-minerazation plants. A

total of 24 m3/d of fresh is required for regeneration of these units. Chemicals such as

lime, sodium chloride, hydrochloric acid and caustic soda are used in regeneration. The

wash water obtained from regeneration contains high dissolved solids but is almost free

from BOD. 24 m3/d of this wash water is drained to gutter. This water may be utilized for

quenching of boiler ash.

x. Cleaning Day Washings

Evaporators, juice heaters, pans etc. are cleaned once in 50-60 days for removal of scale.

Chemicals such as caustic soda, Sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid are used for

scale removal. Washings generated during cleaning operation is about 400 m3. It is highly

alkaline and contains heavy BOD load. If added directly to effluent treatment plant the

wastewater gives a shock load, and disturbs its process. Cleaning day wastewater is



therefore collected and stored separately in a cleaning day effluent storage tank. Daily

about 20 m3 of this wastewater is drawn from the storage tank and then mixed with other

factory effluent in the neutraliser cum hold up tank.

Cleaning day waste water: 20 m3/d.

5.1.3.0 ISOLATION AND SEGREGATION OF WASTE WATER

Waste water with significant pollution load is generated at various sources including mill

house, boiling house and clarifier house in the factory. These are mixed together in to

stream-A. In addition, the domestic wastewater of 95 m3/d is generated from factory and

residential quarters. These are collected separately in respective septic tanks. Septic tank

overflows are mixed together in to stream-B. The quantities of waste water generated from

the sugar factory is summarised in Table-5.6.

Table-5.6 Wastewater Generated from the Sugar Industry, m3/d

Stream A : Process effluent, (High BOD effluent)

i. Leakage, spillage & washings from : 36

floor and equipment in the factory

ii. Gland cooling water : 100

iii. Laboratory waste water : 2

iv. Cleaning day effluent : 20

v. Purge from ejector condenser : 156

vi. Purge from mill cooling water : 10

vii. Regeneration waste water from WTP : 24

Total process Effluent : 348 Stream B: Domestic effluent, (m3/d) 95

Total of A and B : 443

Stream C: Distillery waste water The lean waste water of 150 m3/d generated from the associated distillery unit will also be

treated in the effluent treatment plant of co-gen sugar unit. Hence the total quantity of

waste water to be treated will be 593 m3/d.

5.1.4.0 CHARACTERISTICS OF WASTE WATER

The wastewater from sugar industry is relatively non-toxic and non-hazardous in nature.

In plant measures are adopted in the factory as enumerated elsewhere to reduce the

quantity and contamination of wastewater. Oil taps are provided in the mill house to

minimise the contamination of oil & grease in the wastewater. Small sumps are provided



at suitable location in the factory to receive the leakages, juice and syrup, which may be

present at pumps and near some process equipment. The leakage of juice and syrup thus

collected is recycled to process. Floor cleaning is done by dry baggage to minimise the

quantity of wastewater. Further hot condensates obtained from evaporators are recycled to

the process to meet the requirement of Imbibition etc. in the process, and also to meet the

makeup water requirement for cooling tower.

Waste from domestic source is received in septic tanks. It has low dissolved solids and

moderate BOD. The overflow from septic tank is sent to effluent treatment plant. The

wastewaters generated at various sources in the sugar factory are segregated in to three

streams based on their pollution load and the convenience of their subsequent treatment

and disposal. The characteristics of wastewater of different streams are given in Table-5.7.

Table – 5.7 The Characteristics Of Waste Water (10000 TCD Plant)

PARAMETERS Process source A

Domestic Source B

Distillery source C

Source A+B+C

Flow rate, m3/d 348 95 150 543

Temperature 0c 38 32 32 36 pH 5.5 7.2 6.8 5.5 Dissolved solids , ppm 2270 640 760 1583 Suspended solids, ppm 248 186 200 234

BOD , ppm 2040 330 420 1308 COD , ppm 3150 482 700 2035

Oil, , ppm 64 20 20 40

The effluent treatment plant is designed for about 20 % higher quantity of effluent. The

influent data of combined wastewater assumed for design is given below.

i. Influent Qualities of Combined Waste Water

Sugar factory crushing capacity : 10000 TCD

Effluent flow rate: Hourly maximum : 60 m3/d

Daily maximum : 1000

m3/d

Temperature : 30-400 C

pH : 5.5

T.D.S : 1583 ppm

S.S : 234 ppm

B.O.D : 1308 ppm

C.O.D : 2035 ppm

Oil : 40 ppm



ii. Quality Of Treated Waste Water

The treated effluent shall be discharged to agricultural land for irrigation prescribed

standards to be achieved for treated effluent is given below.

Temperature : 30 to .35 0C pH : 7.0-7.8 T.D.S : less than 2000 PPM S.S : less than 100 PPM B.O.D : less than 100 PPM C.O.D : less than 250 PPM OIL : less than 5 PPM

5.1.5.0 TREATMENT PROCEDURE

The mill plant effluent contains oil and fibre in large concentration. This effluent is therefore subjected to de-skimming operation in mill plant itself to free it from oil and fibre, and then mixed with other factory effluents. The combined effluents are treated in preliminary and secondary treatment as described below. The flow diagram of effluent treatment plant is given in Figure-4.1. The excess vapour condensate which is let out from the plant is collected separately in a storage tank. This is of relatively good quality and is suitable for irrigation. It is tested for quality and then let out for gardening in factory premises or to agriculture land for irrigation.

i. Preliminary Treatment

Combined effluent is in a common drainage is lead to the effluent treatment premise. It is

passed through bar screen, grit chamber and oil separator and then received in a

neutraliser cum equalization tank of about 20 min hold up capacity. Alkali is added into

the neutraliser to raise the effluent pH to about 7.5-8.0 and also to precipitate some of the

dissolved solids. The neutralised effluent is passed through the primary clarifier of 2.5 to

3.0 hr detention period. The sludge collected at the bottom is pumped to sludge drying bed

for dewatering. The clear overflow from the clarifier is passed to biological treatment plant

for further treatment. 70 % of suspended solids, 20 % of BOD and 30 % of dissolved solids

present in effluent are expected to be removed in preliminary treatment. However as a

conservative design, this reduction has not been considered while designed the secondary

treatment.

ii. Secondary Treatment

This consists of the two stage activated sludge process. Each stage consists of the aeration

tank with fixed surface aerators and secondary clarifiers. The effluents containing

suspended biomass are clarified in respective secondary clarifiers. Biomass settled at the

clarifiers is recycled to aeration process to maintain the concentration of mixed liquor

suspended solids (MLSS) in aeration tank at the desired level. The excess bio-mass



(sludge) from secondary clarifier is passed to sludge drying beds. The clear effluent from

last clarifier is collected in a sump of about 8 hours capacity and then let out to

agricultural land for irrigation.

5.1.6.0 SPECIFICATION OF EFFLUENT TREATMENT UNITS

The specification of the ETP is presented below.

i. Main Gutter or Combined Effluent

Main gutter is constructed of stone/brick masonry with the following sizes. It is covered with 75 mm thick R.C.C or stone slabs.

Flow rate : 60 m3/h Velocity : 0.6 m/s Gradient : 1:200 Width : 0.30m Height : 0.40m

ii. Screen

Coarse screen of 25 mm gap followed by the screen of 10 mm gap is

provided in the main gutter. Velocity through screen is 0.3 m/s at average

flow and 0.6 m/s at peak load. Head loss through screen at maximum flow

is 0.15m, the floating entrapped on the screen are removed manually.

The bar screen are fabricated with 6mm x 25 mm flats. The flats are suitably supported on

10mm x 10mm cross bars. The bar screen is located at 300 inclination to the flow

direction.

Screen size: 0.6 m x 0.8 m Screen chamber size: 0.6 m X 1.2 m X 0.55m



Figure-5.2 Flow Diagram of Effluent Treatment Plant

Nut

rient

Neutralize

Excess Condensate Water

Lab Operator House

Scr

een

and

V

-Not

ch Sludge

Slu

dge

L.T.

Pow

er S

uppl

y

Pot

able

Cleaning Day Wash Tank

Oil Separator Sludge Drying Bed

Treated Effluent

Aeration Tank (2 stages)

Secondary Clarifier

Secondary Sludge Pit

Sludge

Sludge

Primary Sludge Pit

* * *

Oil and fibrous separator in Mill House

Hot water-cooling plant adjacent to sugar plant

Sump

Effluent from Sugar Plant

To Irrigation

Lime

Primary clarifier


WATER AND WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT REIA Report

iii. Oil separator (Oil and grease trap)

An oil separation tank of sufficient size is provided close to the screen chamber. Floating

scum consisting of oil, grease, fibre matter is periodically skimmed off. These tanks are

provide in duplicate with a common wall in between. Gates are provided on either side of

each tank for is independent operation.

Tank size (each) : 4.0 m x 1 5 m x 1.5 m Detention period : 15 min

iv. Neutraliser/sump

Sump is constructed of stone/brick masonry. It is provided with mechanical agitator. The

neutralised effluent is pumped to aeration tank. The tank is also used as equaliser tank to

take care of shock loads in the plant.

Sump size : L : 3 m , B : 3m, D = 3m. Free board : 0.6m Retention period : 20 min Capacity : 20 m3

v. Lime preparation tank

It is a R.C.C. rectangular tank with hopper bottom. The tank is provided with mechanical

agitator.

Tank size at top : 1.2 x 1.2 m Straight height : 1.0 m Hoper height : 0.6m

An additional tank of 800 lit. Capacity is also provided to store the solution for

subsequent feed to the neutraliser.

vi. Nutrient and Culture vessels:

Plastic vessels are provided to prepare and store nutrients and culture solution. The

solution is fed along with influent to the aeration tank. The tanks are provided with dosing

arrangements.

Vessel capacity : 400 Litres each

vii. Primary Clarifier:

It is a circular type mechanical clarifier with central feed and peripheral discharge

arrangement. It is provided with continuous sludge removal facilities, and is constructed

of R.C.C structure.

Flow rate, max. : 1000 m3/d



Diameter of tank : 8 m

Straight height : 2.5 m Bottom gradient : 1:12 Effective volume : 72 m3

Detention period : 3.0 h Outlet S. S : less than 60 ppm

Influent BOD : 1308 ppm

Outlet BOD : less than 1046 ppm

viii. Aeration tank –1

The aeration tank is rectangular in section. It is constructed of stone masonry and R.C.C.

structure. Aeration tank is provided with 2 nos. mechanical surface aerators, each of 15

HP capacity. Aerators are supported on R.C.C platform. The sludge from secondary

clarifier is recycled to the aeration tank

Flow rate of Influent : 1000 m3/d

Influent BOD : 1046 ppm

Total BOD load : 1046 kg/d Food to MLSS ratio : 0.23 kg BOD/ kg MLSS /day MLSS : 3500 ppm Detention period : 31 hr Sludge return : 50 % BOD reduction : 80% Out let BOD : less than 200 ppm Total oxygen required : 1700 kg/d

Oxygenation capacity of surface aerators : 1.50 kg O2 / (hp .hr) Hp of surface aerators : 20 Hp (3 nos.) Size of tank : 36 m x 12 m x 3.6 m Free board : 0.6 m Effective vol. of tank : 1296 m3

The mixing capacity of surface aerators is sufficient to keep the

sludge in suspension

ix. Secondary Clarifier-1

It is circular type mechanical clarifier with central feed and peripheral discharge

arrangement. It is also provided with continues sludge discharge facilities. It is

constructed of R.C.C structure.

Flow rate : 1000 m3/h Sludge return : 50 % Diameter of tank (I.D) : 8 m Straight ht : 2.5 m Bottom gradient : 1.12 Effective vol. : 125 m3

Effluent S.S : less than 50 ppm Detention period : 2.0 hr

x. Sludge drying beds :



The tank are constructed of stone masonary and they are filled with graded sand and

pebbles to a height of 0.6m

Size of sludge bed : 5m x 4m x 1.5m, 6 Nos . Free board : 0.3m Drying cycles : 10 days Capacity of each bed : 8.0m3

xi. Aeration Tank –2

It is rectangular tank constructed of stone masonry and tank interior is suitably plastered.

The tank is provided with 1no. Surface aerator of 15 H.P. capacity. The aerators are

supported on R.C.C. platform. The sludge from secondary clarifier- 2 is recycled to the

aeration tank to maintain the desired M.L.S.S.

Influent flow rate : 1000 m3/d Influent BOD : 200 ppm Total BOD load : 200 kg/d Food to MLSS ratio : 0.10 kg.BOD/(d,kg. MLSS) MLSS : 2500 ppm Detention period : 20 h Sludge return : 50 % BOD reduction : 70% Out let BOD : less than 80 ppm Total oxygen required : 200 kg Oxygenation capacity of : 1.20 kg/ (hp.hr) Surface aerators H.P of surface aerator : 10 (3 No.) Size of tank : 8 m x 24 m x 3.6 m Free board : 0.6 m Effective volume of tank : 776 m3

The mixing capacity of the surface aerators is sufficient to keep the MLSS in suspension.

xii. Secondary Clarifier – 2

It is circular type mechanical clarifier with central feed and peripheral discharge

arrangement. It is provided with continuous sludge facilities and is constructing of R.C.C.

structure.

Flow rate : 1000 m3/h Sludge recirculation : 50 % Diameter of tank : 8 m, Straight height : 2.5 m Bottom gradient : 1:12 Effective volume : 125 m3 Influent .S.S : 2500 ppm Sludge concentration : 10.000 ppm Outlet. S.S . : less than 60 ppm Detention period : 2.5 h

xiii. Pumps

Pumps are of C.I, non-clogging type with self priming arrangement

i. Effluent Pump Flow rate : 60 m3



Head : Suction 5m Discharge :10 m S.S . in efficient : 1000 PPM Density : 1.01 gm/ml Nos. Of pumps : 2

ii. Sludge pump Flow rate : 40 m3 /h (3 Nos.) 10 m3 /h (1 Nos.) Head : Suction :5m Discharge : 10 m S.S . in efficient : 10,000 PPM Density : 1.1 gm/ml

xiv. Flow Meter

Weir and float type of flow measuring device with dial type flow indicator is provided to

indicate the flow rate of treated effluent in the gutter.

xv. Sampler

A rotating cup type sampler device is provided to collect the composite sample from the

gutter carrying effluent.

xvi. Treated Effluent Sump

The tank is rectangular in section and constructed of SSM work. The tank interior is

plastered and smooth finished. The tank is provided inlet and outlet chambers.

Flow rate : 1000 m3/d Tank size : 4m x 4m x 3.6 m Free board : 0.6 m Detention period : 1 hr.

xvii. Cleaning Day Sump

The tank is constructed of R.C.C or SSM work. The tank interior is plastered with cement

mortar.

Capacity : 400m3

Tank size : 12m x 12m x 4.0 Free board : 1.0 m

5.2.0 WATER AND WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT IN DISTILLERY UNIT

5.2.1 SOURCE AND UTILIZATION OF WATER

Fresh water requirement for the ethanol plant is met from the associated c sugar unit. The latter has permission to draw raw water from Bhima river source (Enclosure-…). The water consumption in the industry is minimized by adoption of various conservation measures including reduce, reuse and re-cycle. The requirement of fresh water for the distillery unit is about 1524 m3/d. Cooling water requirement and other process needs are met from



recycled water. Fresh water is required only for dilution of molasses, plant washings, and domestic applications. The utilization of fresh water in the plant is given in Table-5.8. The water balance for the distillery unit is given in Table-5.10.

Table-5.8 Utilization of fresh Water for Distillery

Application m3/d

Dilution of molasses nil Fresh water to ENA plant 325

Total water utilized 325

5.2.2 SOURCE AND QUANTITY OF WASTE WATER

The quantity of waste water generated in the plant is substantially reduced by adoption of

various water conservation measures as explained earlier. The quantity of waste water

generated from different sources for the proposed distillery unit is given in Table-5.9.

Table 5.9 Waste Water from Distillery Unit

Source m3/d

Spent Wash 450 Other Effluents Cooling tower purge 150 Domesti 25

Total Waste Water 175

Water Balance for Proposed 300 KLD Plant

Water Input, m3/d Water out Put, m3/d 1 From Molasses

( 1200 MTD *20%)

240

Drift and Evaporation loss 1800

2. For Fermentation 2650 Purge from Cooling tower 150 3. For Pump gland cooling

360 Pump gland cooling, Evaporation loss

35

4. For Dilution of Spirit 300 * Spent lees * * Used for Fermentation Dilution 1210

5. For Cooling Tower Make up 4000m3/hr Circulation rate Evaporation @ 1.6%

1535 Spent wash 450



In season Sugar plant condensate will be used. In off Season Fresh water will be used.

6 For Domestic Use 25 * Spent wash Condensate * * Used for Fermentation Dilution 1440

Domestic use. Sent to ETP of Sugar plant

25

Total 5110 5110 Note: * = Net fresh water required during season is 325 m3/day ** = Fresh water requirement during off-season is 1860 m3/day

Figure -5.3 Process Flow Chart with Material Balance for Distillery

Shre

F

Y

Molasses 1200

555

325 Fresh water To Process
MOLASSES
DILUTER

e Renuka S

275 (CO & other gases) + 47 (H O) 2 2

Yeast Culture & Nutrients

ERMENTER

540EAST SLUDGE SEPARATER

ANALYZER COLUMN

35 Yeast Sludge

615

R.S. COLUM

3285

H2O vapor, 30

4592

4052

540

Condensate water

Vapor & Drift

Spent Wash

2118 (1980KL)

ugars Limited, H

N

CONDENSER

1950 loss 1800
EVAOPARATOR
avalga

506

Condensate

water

Dilution ofmolasses

CoolingTower

1440

1530

5. 22


240

5.2.3 CHARACTERISTICS WASTE WATER

Molasses which is used as a main raw material in distillery contains large

organic salts and non fermentable organic matter as impurities. Major p

impurities will end up in spent wash. Traces of these impurities are also

water and washings. Effluents generated from different sources of the d

segregated in to following three streams for the convenience of treatment an

Stream-A: Spent wash concentrate from 300 KLD distillation plant.

Spent wash from the proposed 300 KLD plant is highly concentrated. It co

-15 % solids . The spent wash is concentrated in multi-effect evaporator

in a boiler.The flow chart of treatment and disposal effluent from the disti

Figure – 5.3. The characteristics of the same are given Table- 5.11

Table -5.11 Characteristics of Spent wash

Sl. No. Parameter Raw spent w

1 pH 4.0 – 4.5

2 Total solids, mg/l 115600 – 12

3 Volatile acids 76900-828

4 Ash, mg/l 21200 – 24

5 BOD, mg/l 51800 - 62

6 COD, mg/l 115800 – 12

7 Total nitrogen as N, mg/l 4490 – 49

8 Potassium as K2O, mg/l 9480 – 106

9 Sodium as Na, , mg/l 240 – 28

10 Phosphorus as P2O5, mg/l 990 – 112

11 Sulphate as SO4, mg/l 2810 - 31

12 Chloride as Cl , mg/l 5700 - 60

All values except pH are in mg / litre.

Fresh Water 300

Lees water 910

Spent Wash Concentrate, 450 KL

Condensate for Reuse

Vapour & gaseous loss

3200 m3/hr

ENA COLUMN

Incineration boiler

ENA, 240

Shree Renuka Sugars Limited, Havalga

Process cooling units

quantity of in-

ortion of these

present in lees

istillery will be

d disposal.

ntains about 13

and incinerated

llery is given in

ash

5400

00

500

100

9100

40

00

0

0

45

70

Cooling water purge 150

5. 23


5.2.4 TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF WASTEWATER

The spent wash (2400m3/d) is highly contaminated with organic matter and inorganic

salts. Treatment and disposal of spent wash by conventional process is highly involved.

The quality and quality of spent wash generated is more critical for molasses based distillery units.

Hence spent wash treatment and disposal is worked for molasses based unit. The waste water

generated from the distillery is segregated into different streams.

The lean quality wastewaters consisting of washings, lees water and cooling water purge are relatively less

contaminated. They are therefore mixed together, and the combined effluent (150 m3/d) will be treated in the

effluent treatment plant (ETP) of the co-gen sugar unit. The effluent treatment plant has adequate surplus

capacity to treat the above effluent. The treated effluent will be disposed on land for irrigation. The lees water

discharged from ethanol plant (750m3/d) is re-circulated in dilution of molasses in distillery unit.

Figure-5.4 Flow Chart for Treatment and Disposal of Effluents

(For 300 KLPD Distillery Unit)

CONCENTRATION CUM INCINERATION OF SPENT WASH

Lime

CondensateTo Boiler H2O Vapor Loss, 70 T/d

Steam

Effluent Spent Wash

from 300 KLPD Distillery Unit

Multi Effluent Evaporator

Cooling Water

Condenser Vapor 2220 T/d

Spent WashConcentrate(450 KL/d)

Flue Gases

Condensate Water for Reuse in

plant 1530 T/d

42.8T/d Incineration Boiler

Ash for use as soil nutrient

2470 T/d [2400 KL/d]

356 T/d

The spent wash generated from the distillery plant will be concentrated in multi-effect

evaporation (MEE) plant and then burnt as fuel in the incineration boiler. The flow chart

of evaporation cum incineration process is given in Figure- 5.2. In the proposed distillery

unit 300 KLPD capacity generating 2400 m3/d of spent wash. The distillery units are

separately connected to the individual MEE plants and boilers. Thus there will be two

sets of identical MEE plants and boilers.

5.5.1 MULTI EFFECT EVAPORATOR



MEE plant is operated with primary steam obtained as back pressure steam from the

turbine. It works under multi pressure and vacuum system. Spent wash is concentrated

from 12 % to 55 %. The performance of evaporated is given in Table-5.12

Table 5.12 The performance of Evaporator

Sl. No.

Parameter Data

1 Type of Evaporator Multi effect evaporator with four operating and one stand by effects. Each effect consists of shell & tube heat exchanger with flash mixer.

2 Spent wash at in let with 12 % solids and 1.03 T/m3 density

2X906 T/d (2X2400 KLPD)

3 Concentrated spent wash with 55 % solids and 1.24 T/m3 density

2X200 T/d (2X161 KLPD)

4 Total water evaporated 2X706 T/d 5 Steam requirement for evaporation 2X168 T/d (2X7 T/hr) at 3.0 kg/cm2

pressure

6 Cooling water requirement 2X400 KL/hr 7 Power requirement 2X0.15 MW 8. Vacuum system Operating temp. and pr.

First body Last body

120 0C & 1.0 kg/cm2. 75 0C & - 0.40 kg/cm2.

9 Characteristics of CSW Solids : 55 % GCV : 1600 kcal/kg P2O5 : 0.6 % K2O : 5.6 % N :0.80% S : 0.41 % Ash :10.7 %

5.5.2 INCINERATION BOILER

Spent wash concentrate (SWC) is rich in organic matter with a gross calorific value of

1600 kcal/kg. It is used as fuel in an incineration type of boiler. Subsidiary fuel such as

rice husk or wood chips are used along with SWC in the boiler to produce required

quantity of steam for use in the industry. High pressure steam from the boiler is fed to

back pressure turbine to generate electric power for captive use in the industry and also

for export. The exhaust steam from the boiler will be utilized in distillery and evaporation

plant. Operating parameters of the incineration boiler are given in Table-5.13. The details

of generation and utilization steam and power are given in Table-5.14. The proposed

incineration boiler has the following features.

SALIENT FEATURES OF THE INCINERATION BOILER

i. The construction of the boiler is such that the fouling potential is minimised through multi pass design.

ii. The boiler is designed such that it is easily maintainable.



iii. The convective section of the boiler (consisting of Economiser, Super heater and Evaporator) are of vertical tubes.

iv. The total assembly is of Gas tight construction.

v. A Steam Coil Air Pre-heater is provided to preheat combustion air. This is required to maintain the bed from quenching.

vi. Deep Fluidized bed construction to improve combustion efficiency.

vii. Fluidised bed combustor ensures complete combustion.

viii. Special On-line cleaning devices of mechanical rapper type are provided.

ix. De-superheated used is of Fixed nozzle type.

x. De-aerated water storage tank has storage of 20 minutes of steam generation from NWL to Low Level Alarm of storage tank.

xi. HP dosing line from Dosing system to Steam drum is of SS-304.

Table-5.13 Operating parameters for ……………..T/hr Incineration Boilers

Sl. No.

Parameter Data

1 Quantity of of fuel

Spent Wash Concentrate(SWC) With 55% solids and 1.24 T/m3 density

2 X 200T/d (2X8.33 T/hr)

Rice husk 2X113 T/d (2 x 4.7 T/hr) 2 GCV of fuel, Spent Wash concentrate 1600 kcal/kg Rice husk 3200 kcal/kg 3 Steam generation, Gross, T/hr 2x25 @ 45 kg/cm2 pr.& 440 0C. 4 Steam to de-aerator in boiler, T/hr 2x2 5 Steam to evaporator, T/hr 2x6 6 Steam to distillery, 2x15 7 Turbine capacity 2x2.5 MW

Table-5.14 Generation & Utilization Of Steam And Power

(For 300 KLPD Distillery Plant))

Sl. No.

Parameter Data

1 Total high pressure steam generation from boiler

2x25 T/hr steam at 45 kg/cm2 pressure and 440 C0

2 Boiler blow down 2X1.25 T/hr 3 Total feed water to boiler 2X26 T/hr

4 High pressure steam to turbine 2X25 T/hr steam at 45 kg/cm2 pressure and 440 C0

5 Low pressure steam from turbine 2X25 T/hr steam at 3.0 kg/cm2 pressure

6 Low pressure steam to boiler feed water de-aerator

2 X2 T/hr steam at 3.0 kg/cm2 pressure

7 Low pressure steam to evaporator 2X6 T/hr steam at 3.0 kg/cm2



pressure

8 Low pressure steam to distillery plant 2X15 T/hr steam at 3.0 kg/cm2 pressure

9 Total Steam condensate to boiler 2X23 T/hr 10 Make up feed water to boiler 2.0 T/hr 11 Electric power generation at steam turbine 2X2.5.0 MW 12 Auxiliary power at power plant and lighting 2X0.6MW 13 Power Export 2X1.0 MW

14 Power requirement to 110 KLPD distillery plant and evaporator

2X0.9 MW


Description of Environment EIA Report

Figure-5.4 Flow Chart of Evaporation cum Incineration Plant

Ste

am fo

r Eva

pora

tion

High Pressure Steam

Steam to Process

Steam Turbine

Spent wash burning boiler

Boiler feed water tank

Boiler feed water

Spent wash Tank

Wet Scrubber /Bag Filter

ID Fan Ash

FD Fan

2 3 4 5

Chimney

To Distillery Plant

Shree Renuka Sugars Limited. Havalga 8. 28


CHAPTER - 6

6.0.0 GASEOUS EMISSIONS AND APC MEASURES

6.1.0 GASEOUS EMISSIONS

1. Boiler Emissions Gaseous emissions generated from the industry will be the flue gases from

boiler and diesel generators. The boiler will be at the maximum capacity of

170 T/hr of steam and two numbers of diesel generators each of 500 KVA.

Boiler is fired with bagasse or coal and the diesel generators are run on

diesel. The flue gases from these units contain pollutants such as nitrogen

oxides, sulphur dioxide and suspended particulate matter. Hence, air

pollution control measures such as Wet scrubber, ESP and chimney are

provided in the systems. The details of these equipments and air pollution

control measures are given below.

Flue gas from boiler is the main gaseous emission from the co-gen unit.

Boilers of 35 T/hr (2 nos) are installed and it is proposed to install 100

T/hr (1 no) boiler during expansion of sugar co-gen unit and establishment

of the distillery. The boiler will be operated on Bagasse /coal. The emission

details of boiler are given in Table- 6.1. The characteristics of solid fuels are

given in Table – 6.2 and 6.3, respectively.

Table- 6.1 Boiler and its emission

Parameters Present

Addition (300 KLD plant)

Incineration Boiler

Boiler capacity 35.0 T/hr (2 nos)

100.0 T/hr 32 T/hr

Fuel consumption, Bagasse, T/hr Coal/Spent Wash

16 -

64 -

450 KLD Chimney height 40 m 82 m Flue gases flow rate, Nm3/hr 26050 66800 APC measure MCDS ESP ESP Total ash, hr Bottom APC unit

8.28 0.92

Total 9.20 2.24 2.24 SPM in flue gas (max.), mg/Nm3 270 150 150

Table-6.2 Characteristics different fuels



Parameters Coal Bagasse Spent wash Concentrate

Carbon % 39.9 47.0% 20.38 Hydrogen % 2.48 6.50% 1.97 Oxygen % 6.76 44.0% 13.30 Nitrogen, % 0.67 0.25% 0.8 Sulfur, % 0.40 0.03% 0.41 H2O, % 10 50.0% 45.00 ash, % 40 2.4% 10.7 GCV, kcal/kg 3800 2000 1600

2. BOILER CHIMNEY

Height of chimneys is estimated based on following relations

A. Boilers operated on agro-fuel Bagasse alone

H = 74 (Q)0.27 Where, H = Height of Chimney in m

Q = Ash produced (at 0.65 % on agro fuel), 0.0169 T/hr =Ash in flue gas (at 150 mg/Nm3 in flue gas), 0.0172 T/hr A. Boilers operated on coal alone

H = 14 (Q)0.3

Where, H = Height of Chimney in m

Q = SO2 generated in kg/hr,

The details of estimation for chimney height along with bio-gas are

given below

35 T/hr Boiler (2 Nos) operated on

100 T/hr boiler operated on

Parameter

Spent wash Bagasse Spent wash Bagasse

Fuel, T/hr 16.0 - 64.0

Ash with flue gas, T/hr 0.36 - 0.072

SO2 with flue gas, kg/hr - - -

Estimated chimney ht. 56 - 60

Chimney ht. provided, m 60 m 82 m



3. SPECIFICATION OF WET SRUBBER / ESP

Wet Scrubber/ ESP of reputed and proven make shall be installed in the

boilers for separation of dust from the flue gases. The unit shall be

designed by the supplier to suit the boiler and to reduce the SPM to less

than permissible limits from the flue gases.

6.2 EMISSIONS FROM DIESEL GENERATOR

A diesel generators (2 Nos. each of 500 KVA) present in the industry will be

used only during power failure to meet the supply of power to essential

services. The details of generator and APC measures provided to it are given

below.

Capacity of Diesel Generator : 500 KVA (two sets)

Diesel consumption : 70 L/hr

Stack size : m.s. stack of 6 m height

6.3 PROCESS EMISSIONS

Carbon dioxide generated in the fermenter carries traces of alcohol vapors.

The vapors are scrubbed with water and then vented to atmosphere

through a chimney of 8 m height. The scrubber solution is returned to the

fermenter.



CHAPTER - 7

7.0.0 MANAGEMENT OF SOLID WASTES

7.0.0 SOLID WASTES AND ITS DISPOSAL

The solid wastes produced in sugar industry are mainly bagasse, press

mud, molasses and boiler ash. Bagasse is the fibre material left out after

extraction of the treated sugar cane juice. Molasses is the semi fluid mass

containing non-crystallisable sugar and other impurities, obtained as

mother liquor from centrifuge after recovery of crystallisable sugar. Boiler

ash is unburnt matter left out in the furnace after complete burning of

baggases. In addition a small quantity of ETP sludge may be produced in

the industry. The quantities of various solid wastes produced from the

sugar industry of 10000 TCD and for the annual cane crushing 22.5 lakh

tons are given Table-7.1

Table-7.1 QUANTITIES OF SOILD WASTES

Parameters Baggases Press mud Molasses Boiler ash ETP & Lime

Sludge Spent wash concentrate

i. Moister content % 50 75 20 -- 50 35 ii. % of cane crushed 30 4 4 1.0 - - iii. Tons per day 3000 400 400 26 0.5 450 iv. Tons for the season 675000 90 000 90 000 5850 112.5 135000

DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE

i. BAGASSE

3000 T/d of bagasse is produced from the sugar plant. Bagasse is a fibrous

material containing mainly cellulose material and therefore it can be used

as a raw material in the manufacture of pulp and paper. The bagasses with

50% moisture are a combustible material with the heating value of about

2400 k cal per kg, and therefore it is used as a fuel in boiler for generation

of steam. The steam in turn is used for generation of electric power and

also to meet the process requirement of low-pressure steam. 1854 T/d of



bagasse is utilized in 100 T/d and two no. 35 T/d of boilers. 50 T/d of

Bagasse is also used in the clarifier for purification muddy juice. Bagasse

produced is more than the quantity needed for captive use. Surplus

bagasse available from the industry is disposed to other industries to use

in boilers or pulp mill.

ii. PRESS MUD

400 T/d of press mud is produced in the industry. It contains fibrous

material and crop nutrients such as phosphorous and potassium and

therefore it is disposed to farmers for use in agricultural land.

iii. MOLASSES

400 T/d of Molasses is produced in the industry. It contains large

percentage of non crystallisable sugar and is a valuable source of raw

material for manufacture ethyl alcohol or other products such as oxalic

acid, lactic acid etc. Molasses is also used as nutritive additive in

manufacture of cattle feed. In the present industry the molasses is used in

its captive distillery in the production of ethanol.

iv. BOILER ASH

26.0 T/d of boiler ash is produced from the boiler. It contains silica, and

other metal oxides. It is a non-toxic material. It is also used along with the

agro wastes for composting and production of fortified green manure. In

the proposed industry the ash is mixed with press mud the same is

composted and is disposed to farmers as soil conditioner for agricultural

land.

v. EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT (ETP) SLUDGE

Production of sludge from ETP is about 400 kg per day. It is a non-toxic

material containing mainly organic material and mineral nutrients. It is

also mixed along with press mud and used as a manure.



HAZARDOUS WASTE

An average of 0.41 T/d and 12.4 T/month of lubricating and cooling oil

and grease will be used in the sugar industry of 10000 TCD, and they will

produce about 0.31 T/d and 9.4 T/month of spent oils. Spent oils are

specified under hazardous wastes. These are stored in m.s. drums and

disposed to the authorized agencies for their reprocessing and reuse.

The solid waste produced from the distillery is yeast sludge from fermenters

will be used as manure after drying.

FERMENTER SLUDGE

The quantity sludge obtained from fermenter, spent wash settling is about

10 kg per KL of RS and it contains about 20 % solids. The solids are mainly

the spent yeast and other bio-mass. It contains plant nutrients such as

phosphorus, potash, nitrogen and other bio materials. Hence, this is dried

and then used along with the press mud as manure

SPENT OIL

Spent oil is produced from generator diesel engines. Generators are used

only during emergency and therefore the quantity of spent oil will be less. A

small quantity of waste lubricating oil and grease is also generated from

gear and other equipments. These spent oils are small in quantity (0.25/yr).

They are disposed to re-processors as per KSPCB guide lines.

ASH FROM INCINERATION BOILER

Ash Obtained in the incineration boiler by burning 450 T/d for 300

working days is about 25 T/d is mixed with press mud and distributed to

member farmers to use the same in their agriculture field as manure.



CHAPTER - 8

8.0.0 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT

This chapter illustrates the description of existing environmental status of the study area

with reference to the prominent environmental attributes. The data were collected from

both primary and secondary sources. Primary source data were collected through

environmental monitoring in the study area. For reconnaissance survey the sampling

locations were identified based on:

1. Existing topography and meteorological conditions.

2. Locations of water intake and waste disposal points.

3. Location of human habilitation and other sensitive areas present in the

vicinity of the project site.

4. Representative areas for baseline conditions.

5. Accessibility for sampling

Secondary data were collected from various organizations to substantiate the primary

data. The data thus collected were compared with the standards prescribed for the

respective environmental parameters.

Study Period

The studies were conducted during the pre-monsoon period of 26th November 2006 to 27th

February 2007.

8.1.0 ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS

Details of site information related environmental setting within 10 km radius of the

project, ambient air quality, monitored data, ground water quality in and around the plant

, present land use based satellite imagery, information regarding eco-sensitive area with in

the 10 km radius are presented in this chapter. The environmental parameters which are

likely to be affected by project activities are air, water, soil and socio-economics. The data



on meteorology is needed to assess the dispersion of gaseous pollutant by air quality

mathematical modeling, Gaussian plum rise model is used in calculating air pollutants

such as SPM, SO2, and NOx in the region.

8.2.0 STUDY AREA

The environmental influence due to the project is likely to be restricted to 10 km region

around the factory site. Therefore, the study area for monitoring of environmental quality

includes 10 km region around the project site. The study area is located in Havalga village,

Afzalpur taluk, Gulbarga district of Karnataka State. The project site is surrounded by

plain lands with agricultural activities.

8.3.0 DETAILS OF SITE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING OF STUDY AREA 8.3.1 SITE DETAILS

The proposed industry will be located at S. No. 52 &53 of Havalaga village, 31, 34, 35 and

37 of Kolanoor village and 17,18,19 & 52 of Ingalagi Village in Afzalpur Taluk, Gulbarga

district in Karnataka state. The total land area of the site is 55.9 hactares. The location is

at northern part of the Karnataka state. The location of site in the maps of Gulbarga

district and Karnataka state is shown in Figure-1.1. The site is located on Afzalpur-

Ghattarga road, and is at 14 km from Afzalpur. District places Gulbarga and Bagalkot are

about 120 km on North East and 150 km west of the site, respectively. The project site is

bound by 760-24’ east longitude and 170-06’ north latitude at an average altitude of 421 m

above MSL

Expansion of the sugar unit to 10000 TCD and a new distillery plant of 300 KLPD capacity

will be installed adjoining to existing sugar plant premise. The site and its immediate

surroundings were barren with out any vegetation. However, during last 5 years the

industry has developed planned greenery and green belt in the premise. Plant layout and

other infrastructure facilities are enclosed in the Enclosure -1

8.3.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING OF STUDY AREA

The site is located in the rural area away from villages and other habilitation. no other

industries are found the region. The proposed site of the distillery is shown in the District

map of Gulbarga in Karnataka state (Figure –1.1). The topographical features of the study

area are shown in Figure – 8.1. Bhima River flows from S to E at a distance of about 4 km

on the western direction of the site. Location features of the Study area are given in Table –

8.1. The industry is situated in backward district of central part of Karnataka. There is no

industrial or commercial activity in the region.

Table-8.1 Location Features of the Site



Sl.

No

Feature Particulars

1. Location Havalga village, Afzalpur taluk,

Gulbarga district, Karnataka state

2. Present land use Industrial

3. Latitude and Longitude Latitude: N-170-06’ and Longitude: E-760-

24’

4. Altitude above mean

MSL

421 m

5. Temp., max. and min. 33.4 0C and 21.1 0C

6. Humidity, max and min 61%, 38%

7. Annual Rain fall 847 mm (average)

8. Extent of land 138.12 acres

8. Soil type Black silty clay

9. Topography Plant site : Plain terrain

Surrounding region : Undulated

surrounded by small hillocks

10. Nearest major road N.H.-13 Bijapur–Jevargi S.H.W.-162 at Moratgi 24 km, Indi-Gulbarg Road 20 km at

Afzalpur

11. Nearest railway station Solapur- Gulbarga Rail line,

Dhudani station at 45 km

12. Nearest airport Belgaum

13. Nearest village Ghattarga 4 m



14. Nearest town Afzalpur 12 km NNW

15. Nearest major city Gulbarga, 120 km, NE

16. Nearest water body Bhima river, 4.0 km, SE

17. Nearest river Bhima river, 4.0 km, SE

18. Sensitive locations Archeological structures, Historical places,

Protected Forests, Sanctuaries and

Biosphere are not present within 25 km

Figure - 8.1 The Location Features of the Study Area



The study area is a flat terrain (Plateau) covered with black cotton and red soils. Plateau

boundaries are marked by soils mixed with pebbles or rocky/stony waste area. The study

area, by and large is characterized as black cotton and red soil derived from the parent

baseline rock occurring in the area. The soil is mainly clay loamy and fertile. Streams in

the area are non-perennial/seasonal.

The Bhima River is a major river flowing at a distance of 4 km from plant site and it is a

perennial river. Crops such as sunflower, sugarcane, jawar, maize, paddy, bengal gram,

bajra, cotton are grown in the area. Mango and acacia, neem trees are also seen in the

area. Stream courses in the area seen to covered normally with shrubs-such as Subabul

(jali).

8.4.0 MICROMETEOROLOGY

8.4.1 DATA FROM SECONDARY SOURCE

The methodology adopted for monitoring surface observations is as per the

standard norms laid down by Bureau of Indian Standards (IS: 8829) and

Indian Meteorological Department (IMD). On-site monitoring was

undertaken for various meteorological parameters generate the site specific

data. The generated data is then compared with the meteorological data

available with IMD Gulbarga.

The Central Meteorological Station (CMS) equipped with continuous

monitoring equipment was set up at the plant site to collect the primary

data such as wind speed, direction, relative humidity and temperature.

Cloud cover is recorded by visual observations. Rainfall was monitored by

rain gauge. Hourly average, maximum, and minimum values of wind

speed, direction, relative humidity, and temperature were recorded

continuously at the site. The station was in operation for three months

from 26th November 2006 to 27th February 2007.



Secondary information on meteorological conditions has been collected from the nearest

IMD station at Gulbarga. The summery of the micrometeorology of the region is given

below.

Rainfall The average Annual Rainfall observed Based on IMD Data is about 815.75 Maximum Observed: July (312.32 mm)

Winter : 21.0 – 36.8OC

Summer:16.9 – 38.9OC

Temperature (Mean daily temperature in OC)

Monsoon :17.3 – 30.2OC

Winter : 37 – 90 %

Summer: 37- 88 %

Mean monthly Relative Humidity for evening and morning

Monsoon : 51 - 91 %

Wind Speeds Wind speeds area generally light to moderate through out the year with light and moderate winds particularly in morning hours. Winds during afternoon hours are strong.

Winter E & S

Summer NNW, E

Prominent Wind Direction

Monsoon NW, W & WS

The climate of the region is characterized by hot summer and is generally dry except

during the southwest monsoon season. Between the months of June to September the

climate is mostly wet. The region experiences tropical climate with hot summer and cold

winters. Most of the precipitation occurs during the monsoon (July to Mid September).

Maximum temperature during the summers (mid-April to June end) can touch a high of

around 42.0OC while in the winters the night temperature drops down to 16.9OC. Monthly

mean relative humidity is in the range of 37 % to 91 %.

Secondary information on meteorological conditions such as temperature, relative

humidity, rain fall and wind velocity has been collected from the nearest IMD station at

Raichur is given in Annexure -2. The salient features of the data are presented below.

1. Temperatures

The winter season starts from November and continues till the end of February. December

is the coldest month with the monthly mean of maximum temperature at 28.8 0C with the

monthly mean of minimum temperature at 17.8 0C. During summer season, from March

to May both the day and night temperatures increase rapidly. During summer (May), the

monthly mean of day maximum and day minimum temperatures are observed at 39.3 0C



and 25.9 0C, respectively. During monsoon season, the monthly mean of maximum and

minimum temperatures drops to about 31.7 0C and 22.3 0C, respectively.

2. Relative Humidity

Winter period is relatively the driest part of the year with the monthly mean relative

humidity is in the range of 63 % to 27 %. Humidity is high during monsoon period, with

the mean max. & min. relative humilities in the range of 79% and 49 % respectively. The

annual mean max. & min. relative humidity in the region is moderate around of 65 % and

41 %, respectively.

The rain fall in this region usually occurs during May to November and

average rainy days in a year are about 45. The annual rainfall is in the

range of 350 to 920 mm with an average of 760 mm.

3. Wind Speed /Direction

Generally light to moderate winds prevail in the range of 3.0 to 17.0

km/hr, through out the year with slightly stronger winds in the early

monsoon period. The mean wind speed was around 12.0 km/h. Winds are

light and variable in post monsoon and winter seasons, and normally blow

from N-E,S-E,S-W and N-W. During pre monsoon and monsoon periods,

the winds are stronger and generally blow from S- W, W and N-W. Major

part of the year the wind is blowing from W (26%), S-E (17%) and N-W

(17%) direction. Generally, the winds are lighter during morning hrs, while

during afternoon hrs the winds are slightly stronger.

8.1.3 METEOROLOGICAL DATA RECORDED AT THE PLANT SITE

Site specific meteorological data are collected at plant site for temperature, humidity and

atmospheric pressure. Summary of the data as monthly mean of maximum and minimum

values are presented in Table-8.1.

1. Temperature

The temperature data collected at the site is presented as monthly

maximum and minimum values. The mean of monthly maximum and



minimum temperature recorded during the study period were 32.8 0C

and 17.9 0C, respectively. The climate is represents moderately hot

days and cold nights. Lowest temperatures are observed during

January.

2. Relative Humidity

The Relative humidity collected at the site is presented as monthly

maximum and minimum values. During the study period the air is

observed to be moderately humid. The mean of monthly maximum

and minimum relative humidity is observed to be in the range of 68%

and 39%, respectively.

3. Atmospheric pressure

Barometric pressure observed at site is in the range of 714.5 to 712.5 mm

Hg.

Table–8.1 Summary of Meteorological Data near Plant Site

Month Temp. 0C

Monthly mean of daily

Rel. Humidity, % Monthly mean of

daily

Atmospheric Pr. Monthly mean of

daily, mm Hg AWV

km/hr 2006-07 max min max. min. 0830 hr 1730 hr

6.3 Nov.- Dec. 32.6 23.6 74 44 714.5 712.7 5.8 Dec.-Jan. 31.7 18.7 66 39 714.2 712.6 5.2 Jan.- Feb. 34.2 17.4 64 34 714.1 712.5 5.8 Over all 32.8 17.9 68 39 714.3 712.6

4. Wind speed and direction

Wind rose based on hourly readings of wind speed and direction monitored during winter

period at the proposed factory site is presented in Figure-8.1. The predominant wind

direction was E (23.2%) followed by NEE (13.31%) and EES (11.62 %). Other dominant

wind direction was NE (9.85%). Predominant wind speeds were in the range of 0.5 to 4.0

m/s. Calm conditions (less than 0.5 m/s) recorded were 15.8% of the period. The highest

wind speed recoded was 6.2 m/s and the average speed was 7.82 m/s.

In general, the primary meteorological data obtained at the proposed project site are in

agreement with the data of previous years available from secondary source. The summary

of wind pattern is given in below.



Frequency Distribution

Period: from 23-11-2006 to 21-02-2007 Observation time: 0830 Hr & 1730 Hr

Occurrence of wind speed m/s (3 months) Wind dir 0.5 – 1.0 1.0 - 2.0 2.0 – 3.0 > 4.0 Total

1N (0/360) 20 1 15 0 36 NNE (22.5) 4 1 1 0 6 NE (45.0) 17 1 0 0 18

NEE (67.5) 17 1 0 0 19 E (90.0) 4 1 1 0 6

EES (112.5) 23 2 2 0 26 ES (135) 86 30 3 0 120

ESS (157.5) 68 44 2 0 114 S (180.0) 91 46 2 0 138

SSW (202.5) 133 27 25 0 185 SW (225.0) 69 46 26 0 141

SWW (247.5) 226 203 8 0 437 W (270.0) 184 77 4 0 264

WWN (292.5) 165 51 1 0 217 WN (315.0) 110 45 1 0 156

WNN (337.5) 45 28 11 0 84 CALM 193 Total 1260 605 102 0 2160

Frequency Distribution %

Period: from 23-11-2006 to 21-02-2007 Observation time:0830 Hr & 1730 Hr

% Frequency of wind speed m/s(3 months) Wind dir (degree) 0.5 – 1.0 1.0 - 2.0 2.0 – 3.0 > 4.0 Total

N (0/360) 0.91 0.06 0.70 0.00 1.67 NNE (22.5) 0.18 0.06 0.04 0.00 0.28 NE (45.0) 0.78 0.05 0.01 0.00 0.84

NEE (67.5) 0.81 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.87 E (90.0) 0.18 0.06 0.04 0.00 0.28

EES (112.5) 1.05 0.08 0.08 0.00 1.21 ES (135) 3.99 1.40 0.16 0.00 5.55

ESS (157.5) 3.16 2.02 0.10 0.00 5.28 S (180.0) 4.19 2.13 0.07 0.00 6.39

SSW (202.5) 6.14 1.27 1.15 0.00 8.56 SW (225.0) 3.18 2.14 1.19 0.00 6.51

SWW (247.5) 10.46 9.41 0.36 0.00 20.23 W (270.0) 8.50 3.55 0.17 0.00 12.22

WWN (292.5) 7.62 2.38 0.06 0.00 10.06 WN (315.0) 5.10 2.08 0.05 0.00 7.23

WNN (337.5) 2.09 1.29 0.51 0.00 3.89 CALM 8.93 Total 58.34 28.02 4.71 0.00 100.00




Note: Predominant wind direction is from E (23.20%) followed by NEE (13.31%) and EES

(11.62%). The calm is 15.88%.

Monthly Average Rainfall data (mm)

Rainfall (mm) Years Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Total 1997 7.48 - 19.87 - 13.79 169.29 88.38 125.90 24.55 161.57 69.68 12.86 693.42 1998 - - - - 31.33 56.59 88.45 74.12 209.28 127.20 27.82 - 614.82 1999 - 3.74 - 32.73 71.32 47.70 106.36 6.0 34.61 262.60 - - 565.06 2000 - - - - - 71.79 95.87 237.80 106.16 155.92 - - 667.56 2001 - - - 102.65 14.03 40.92 103.95 59.16 98.91 52.84 - - 472.49 2002 - 58.92 - 26.55 87.92 50.04 63.13 80.67 52.84 65.97 10.75 - 496.79 2003 - - - 83.01 18.47 27.32 53.38 11.48 195.48 - - 389.14 2004 - - - 42.79 147.06 37.61 55.18 66.38 80.90 43.95 - - 472.88 2005 - - - 49.79 17.05 38.05 312.32 167.13 50.02 134.65 43.71 3.03 815.75 2006 - - 3.03 28.99 129.03 59.13 68.72 34.56 71.26 12.14 78.98 - 485.84

AVERAGE OF 10 YEARS 568.00 (Source: Meteorological Station, BIET, Davangere)

Monthly mean relative Humidity (%) and Temperature OC

Relative Humidity (%) Years Jan Feb Apr Apr May Jun July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec 1997 69 72 78 73 71 83 87 84 79 78 78 72 1998 74 79 78 81 87 81 85 86 85 83 86 85 1999 71 73 76 85 90 86 80 86 81 88 71 84 2000 75 80 79 86 88 87 86 88 84 85 87 88 2001 70 76 69 80 72 75 81 83 80 79 77 72 2002 72 76 70 68 81 74 78 82 71 65 52 41 2003 44 45 40 48 47 64 70 73 69 64 47 43 2004 47 38 37 48 64 74 75 86 79 69 51 48 2005 50 46 45 57 57 76 90 95 89 83 64 59 2006 48 33 53 57 70 85 93 91 86 74 75 56

Temperature OC Years 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Max 29.6 29.5 28.4 28.6 25.4 24.6 22.7 22.5 23.0 24.2 Jan Min 17.8 18.1 17.8 24.3 19.7 19.4 19.8 20.1 20.3 17.7 Max 31.8 31.4 31.8 20.1 29.6 30.4 24.5 22.7 24.0 24.2 Feb Min 16.9 17.1 16.6 25.7 21.1 20.1 22.0 20.0 20.8 21.1 Max 32.9 33.0 33.4 32.5 30.9 30.8 25.2 25.0 27.7 26.7 Mar Min 21.9 22.1 23.6 27.7 20.7 21.6 21.2 21.6 24.2 24.3 Max 35.9 36.1 35.8 36.8 35.3 35.4 36.5 35.7 39.7 35.5 Apri Min 22.6 23.0 22.8 31.0 24.3 22.6 24.0 23.8 26.4 24.0 Max 36.1 35.7 35.9 35.9 37.4 39.1 35.7 35.7 36.2 36.2 May Min 21.8 22.8 21.9 29.6 24.0 21.1 23.7 24.8 27.8 24.2 Max 32.9 32.8 32.5 29.0 26.7 25.8 26.7 26.0 28.5 26.0 Jun Min 22.6 23.5 22.9 24.8 23.4 20.4 24.6 24.4 25.0 24.7 Max 28.9 29.4 28.9 28.4 26.3 26.2 29.0 25.7 26.0 26.0 Jul Min 20.4 19.8 18.9 24.4 23.1 21.3 25.4 24.2 24.5 24.5 Max 27.6 28.2 27.9 30.2 25.6 25.2 25.2 24.2 25.2 26.7 Aug Min 20.1 16.8 17.3 26.3 23.4 19.8 24.2 23.8 24.2 25.3 Max 29.4 29.8 30.2 30.1 27.1 25.2 25.2 25.2 25.7 28.2 Sept Min 19.8 20.1 19.1 25.4 23.6 20.1 23.7 24.2 24.3 26.1


Max 28.4 29.1 28.9 30.0 25.3 25.2 26.0 25.0 26.5 27.5 Oct Min 18.9 19.5 20.5 25.7 23.4 19.7 23.2 23.5 24.4 23.5 Max 27.8 30.1 29.8 26.6 27.2 24.0 24.2 23.2 24.7 27.7 Nov Min 17.8 18.2 19.1 20.9 22.4 21.3 21.7 21.2 21.7 24.9 Max 27.5 26.8 27.9 24.9 20.4 23.7 22.5 24.7 24.7 25.0 Dec Min 19.0 17.9 16.9 18.6 18.2 19.0 19.7 19.8 19.9 22.5

(Source: Meteorological Station, BIET, Davangere) 8.4.2 DATA FROM PRIMARY SOURCE FOR PROJECT SITE

An Auto weather monitoring station was used as part of Environmental Monitoring Plan to

record meteorological parameters. It was installed at 10 m above the ground on top of the

office building. Wind speed, wind direction, temperature and relative humidity were

recorded on hourly basis continuously for three months from 16.11.2006 to 17.02.2007.


Wind Speed and Direction

Wind speed and direction were monitored during post monsoon (winter) period at the

proposed factory site. The predominant wind direction was N-E (24%) followed by E (29%)

and N (14%). Other dominant wind direction was S-E (9%). Predominant wind speeds were

in the range of 1-5 km/h (5 %), 5-10 km/h (20%), 10-15 km/h (37%), 15-20 km/h (22%),

20-25 km/h (2%) and Calm conditions recorded were 14 %. The highest wind speed

recoded was 38 km/h and the average speed was 11.1 km/h.

In general, the primary meteorological data obtained at the proposed project site are in

agreement with the data of previous years available from secondary source.

Figure – 8.2 Wind Rose Diagram at Plant Site

Shree Renuka Sugars Limited, Havalaga

Figure – 8.2 Wind Rose Diagram at Plant Site


Temperature and Humidity

The mean of maximum & minimum temperature and Humidity recorded during the

season are given in following table.

Sl. No Parameters Maximum Minimum 1. Temperature (OC) 38.0 16.5 2. Humidity (%) 82 26

Table–8.2 Summary of Meteorological Data at Plant Site

Month Mean

Temperature 0C

Mean Relative

Humidity, (%)

Mean Atmospheric Pressure,

mb 2006-07 Max Min Max Min max min Nov.-Dec. 31.9 20.8 64 36 964 961 Dec.-Jan. 30.7 17.5 61 29 961 959 Jan.-Feb. 32.5 16.3 59 26 960 958

8.5.0 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY (AAQ)

8.5.1 SAMPLING LOCATIONS

Ambient air quality of the study area has been assessed during winter period of 16th

November 2006 to 17th February 2007, through a network of six ambient air quality

stations within an area of 10 km region around the project site. Based on the established

selection criteria the locations of ambient air quality monitoring (AAQM} stations have

been identified. The sampling locations are shown in Figure 8.2 and Table – 8.2

Table - 8.2 Ambient Air Quality Locations

With respect to plant site Station Code Location and its Significance

Direction Distance (km)

FAQ1 Plant site -- --

AQ2 Havalga W 2.0

AQ3 Kolanoor E 6.0

AQ4 Ghattarga S 4.0

AQ5 Hinchagera N 5.0

AQ6 Kumasi SE 4.5

AQ7 Kollur NW 6.0



AQ8 Narayanpur S 5.0

8.5.2 AIR QUALITY DATA

Pre-calibrated high volume samples were used for monitoring of the existing AAQ status.

Methodologies adopted for sampling and analysis are as per the approved methods of

Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). Data on the activities surrounding the ambient

air quality monitoring stations were collected for interpretation of the ambient air quality

status. Air quality data for the three months period from 16th November 2006 to 17th

February 2007 are given in Enclosure 2A-2D and its summary is presented below.

Ambient Air Quality Data (µg/m3) (24- Hourly average values)

Locations SPM RSPM SO2 NOx

min. 88.00 34.0 12.0 9.0 AQ1-Plant site

max. 142.00 46.0 19.0 22.0

min. 80.4 30.1 16.2 13.4 AQ2-Havalaga

max. 116.4 42.0 22.8 30.2

min. 88.2 28.4 16.3 12.2 AQ3–Bagalur

max. 120.0 44.9 24.0 31.6

min. 82.4 20.1 14.8 20.6 AQ4–Hire Havalaga

max. 123.1 48.0 28.9 31.6

min. 88.00 28.00 16.1 12.7 AQ5-Chikkhavalaga

max. 122.0 41.6 24.9 24.3

min. 83.9 31.6 16.2 10.5 AQ6-Kumasi

max. 121.6 61.2 21.2 21.3

min. 83.9 31.6 11.6 9.5 AQ7-Kollur

max. 120.2 61.2 18.2 21.6

min. 85.2 32.6 8.5 10.4 AQ8-Narayanpura

max. 130.4 59.2 15.6 17.4

8.5.3 ANALYSIS OF AIR QUALITY DATA

The concentration of pollutants in air of this region is well within the limits specified by

CPCB for rural and residential areas. The maximum concentrations (µg/m3) of SPM,

RSPM, SO2 and NOx in ambient air at plant site (industrial area) are observed to be 142,

46, 19 and 22, respectively. The permissible limits for the same are 500, 150, 120 and



120, respectively. The maximum concentrations (µg/m3) of SPM, RSPM, SO2 and NOx in

ambient air at other location (residential rural area) are observed to be 122, 48, 24 and

32, respectively. The permissible limits for the same are 200, 100, 80 and 80, respectively.

Ambient air quality monitored at all the above locations are well within the limits of NAAQ

standards specified for rural and residential areas.

WATER ENVIRONMENT

The surface water source in the study area is Bhima River located at about 4.0 km North

and south side from the proposed plant site. This river is a continuous stream and

experiences flow through out the year. Ground water in the study area lies at a depth of

Figure 8.3 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations

AQ5

AQ4

AQ1

AQ2

AQ3

AQ6

AQ8

AQ7



22-30 m below ground level. Bore well water and river water are the source of water for

domestic and irrigation needs in the region.

Water samples from various locations in and around the plant site within 10 km radius

from the site include two sample from the river and four samples from bore wells.

Locations are presented in Figure – 8.3 and Table – 8.3.

Table – 8.3 Water Sampling Locations

Station Code Location Source

Distance from Plant

site km

Direction w.r.t plant

site Usage

SW1 Bhima river River 4.0 W Irrigation & Domestic

SW2 Bhima river River 4.0 S Irrigation & Domestic

GW – 1 At 0.1 km S from Molasses Tank Bore well S 0.1 Domestic

GW – 2 At 0.5 km W from Molasses Tank Bore well W 0.5 Domestic

GW – 3 Bagalur Bore well 2.0 W Domestic GW – 4 Hire Havalaga Bore well 6.0 E Domestic GW – 5 Chikk Havalaga Bore well 4.0 S Domestic GW – 6 Kumasi Bore well 4.5 SE Domestic

GW – 7 Kollur Bore well 6.0 NW Domestic

The water samples were collected and analyzed as per B.I.S. guide lines for assessment of

the physico-chemical and bacteriological quality. The water quality data for the sampling

locations is given in Enclosure—6A to 6E The data thus obtained were compared with IS

10500 and the summary of the same is given below.

SURFACE WATER SAMPLE AT TUNGABHADRA RIVER

• It is observed that the pH of the surface water sample collected at Bhima river was

7.30 and 7.73.

• Total dissolved solids in the sample were 280 - 342 mg/l.

• Total hardness of the surface water was found to 80 - 103 mg/l.

• Chlorides concentration was found to be 28 - 30 mg/l.

• Fluoride concentration was found to be 0.20 - 0.25 mg/l.

• Sulphates concentration was found to be 20-22 mg/l



• Heavy metal concentration in all the samples was found to be below detectable

limits.

• BOD values are in the range of 3.5 – 4.0 mg/l

• MPN values are > 1100

Surface water samples collected at Bhima River showed compliance of all parameters with

the CPCB standards for classification of surface water. Sampling and testing is done as

per IS 3025. The results indicate except BOD and MPN which are above the drinking

water limits, all other parameters are within the limits.

GROUND WATER SAMPLES WITHIN 10 KM RADIUS

• pH of the ground water samples collected were in the range between 7.2 - 7.6.

• Total dissolved solids in the samples were in the range between 800–1100

mg/l.

• Total hardness was found to vary between 300 – 500 mg/l.

• Chlorides concentration was found to be varying between 62 – 301 mg/l.

• Fluoride concentration was found to vary between 0.5 – 1.0 mg/l.

• Sulphates concentration was found to vary between 50 – 75 mg/l.

• Heavy metal concentration in all the samples was found to be well within the

limits.

Ground water samples collected from 5 locations within 10 km radius of the plant site

indicates that all parameters except fluoride concentration are well within the drinking

water standards specified in IS 10500.

GROUND WATER QUALITY AROUND PLANT AREA (UNIT AND MOLASSE STORAGE AREA) Ground water quality around plant area was also monitored around the existing plant and

proposed industry. Two bore wells on down ward direction and one bore well on up ward

direction from the industry were being monitored the same results are submitted to

KSPCB regularly. Water samples collected from these bore wells are analyzed for their

physico-chemical and bacteriological quality.

• It is observed that the pH of the water sample collected inside

the Plant were in the range 7.44 - 7.59

• A total dissolved solid in the sample were in between 820 -

1040 mg/l



• Total hardness of the surface water was found to be in

between 322-439 mg/l

• Chlorides concentration was found to be in between 64 - 301

mg/l

• Fluoride concentration was found to be in between 0.54 -1.04

mg/l

• Sulphate concentration was found to be in between 62 – 216

mg/l

• Heavy metal concentration in all the samples was found to be

well within the limits

Water sample collected at plant showed compliance of all parameters with drinking water

standard of IS 10500.

The quality of water from these test bores are located within I km from the factory and

compost yard. The quality of water observed in these bore wells are similar to the water

samples collected from other bore wells of 0.1 km to 0.5 km distance from the site. The

results indicate the absence of contamination of ground water from the activities of the

existing project.



Figure – 8.4 Water Quality Monitoring Locations

BW5

BW4

BW3

SW2

SW1

BW7

BW6


Enclosures REIA Report

8.7.0 SOIL QUALITY

The study area is covered with light brown to black sandy clay and red soils. The soil samples were collected from 8 different locations

within the study area. The sampling locations are indicated Figure – 8.4 and Table – 8.4.

Table – 8.4 Soil Sampling Locations

Station Code Location Distance from

Plant site km

Direction w.r.t plant

site

Significance

S1 Plant Site -- NE PlantS2 Havalaga 2.0 W Agriculture landS3 Bagalur 6.0 E Agriculture landS4 Hire Havalaga 4.0 S Agriculture land S5 Chikkhavalaga 5.0 N Agriculture land

S6 Kumasi 4.5 SE Agriculture land

S7 Kollur 6.0 NW Agriculture land

S8 Narayanpura 5.0 S Agriculture land

The soil samples were analyzed for their quality. The soil quality data is presented in Enclosure. The summery of the soil quality is

given below.

pH of the all soil samples were found to be slightly alkaline in the range of 7.1 to 7.6.

Electrical conductivity is in the range of 158 to 372 µmhos/cm

Organic carbon of the soil samples is found to be in the range of 0.37– 0.67 %.

Soils in the area were found to be sandy loam and sand clay.

Porosity is found to be in the range of o.31 to 0.52 gm/cc

Permeability is found to be in the range of 2.7 X 10-6 to 85 X 10-6

Shree Renuka Sugars Limited, Havalaga 2


The soil quality of the samples monitored indicates a moderate permeability and low fertility in the region.

Shree Renuka Sugars Limited, Havalaga

Figure – 8.5 Soil Quality Monitoring Locations

S5

S4

S1

S2

S3

S8

S6

S7

3


8.8.0 NOISE LEVEL

Various noise scales have been introduced to describe, in a single number, the response of an average human

being to a complex sound made up of various frequencies at different loudness levels. The most common and

heavily favored the these scales is the A weighted decibel dB(A). The scale has been designed to weigh various

components of noise according to the response of a human ear. The impact of noise sources on surrounding community depends on.

Characteristics of Noise (instantaneous, intermittent or continuous nature).it is well known that a steady noise is not as

annoying as one, that is continuously varying loudness.

The time at which noise occurs, for example loud noise levels at night in residential areas are not actable because of sleep

disturbance; and

Sensitivity of location for noise such as school, court, hospital etc.

8.8.1 NOISE MONITORING LOCATIONS



A preliminary reconnaissance survey was undertaken to identify of major noise generating sources in the area. The noise at different

noise generating sources has been identified based on the activities like, industrial noise, ambient noise due to industries, commercial

activities, traffic and noise at residential area. The details of noise monitoring locations are given in Table–8.5.

Table– 8.5 Noise Monitoring Locations

Sampling

Code Location

Distance and Direction from the

site (km) Significance of the

location

A1 Plant site -- Plant site

A2 Havalaga 2.0 km on W Residential area

A3 Kolanoor 6.0 km on E Residential area

A4 Ghattarga 4.0 km on S Bus stand

A5 Hinchagera 5.0 km on N Bus stop

8.8.2 MONITORING AND OBSERVATIONS Sound pressure level (SPL) measurements were undertaken at five locations for the full days of 24 hours

duration. The day noise level has been monitored during 6.A.M, to 10 P.M. and night levels during 10 P.M. to 6

A.M. at all locations. The summary of computed noise level parameters like L day and L night for all the five

sampling locations are presented in Table–8.6.

Table–8.6 Ambient Noise Level dB(A)

Sampling Code Location L day L night

S1 Plant site 64 46S2 Havalaga 42 35S3 Kolanoor 44 34S4 36 Ghattarga 50



S5 54 Hinchagera 32 8.8.3 Observations Baseline noise levels have been monitored at different locations within the study area. The ambient sound levels at the locations

monitored are moderate in the range of 32 to 64 dB(A). The sound levels measured in all the locations are within the permissible

limits.

8.9.0 ECOSYSTEM

An ecosystem is defined as the biotic, physico-chemical, and biotic assemblage of the plants, animals, and microbes in which an

ecological relationship is demonstrated. The study area of 10 km radius does not have reserve forest or national park or wild life

sanctuary or biosphere reserves. The area is predominantly agricultural land with canal irrigation facilities.

Sr. No Local Name

Visual survey was conducted to record the available flora and around the area of the proposed distillery. Some of the information was

gathered from the local habilitates and forest department. All the collected data were classified to interpret the impact of pollution on

the flora and fauna of that region. Survey of the mild plants as well as cultivated crop plants was made and all the available

information was recorded. Mesophytic trees were found along the bunds of the cultivated fields and also on either side of the streams.

There is no endangered flora and fauna in the region. The list of species found in the region is given below.

Technical name 1 Jail gobli Mimosaceae 2 Bidulu Poaceae 3 ba Kusum Asterraceae4 Belijali ocophioea Acacea le5 Babul jali Acacia arabica 6 Paragimara Caricaceae7 Sisu Agavaceae8 Ganda Paiasha Annonaceae9 Hirejali, Goddajali Acacia latronum 10 Chandan Santaiance 11 ceae Madi Epherdra12 Navilumettu Soymida fegrifuga

The cultivated of crop plants are mainly depended on the rain, although well irrigation is common is some places. The major crops are:



Sr. No Common Name Technical name Family Name 1 Jower Sorghum vulgarie Poaceae 2 ane Sugarc Sacchrum officinarum Poaceae3 Sunflower Carthus tinetoria Asteroceae4 Maize Zea mays Poaceae 5 Bengal gram Cicar anictinum Papilionaceae 6 Red gram Cajanus cajan Papilinoceae 7 Wheat tricum aestivcum Poraceae 8 Tomato ae Lycopersicum esculentum Solanace9 Ground Nut Papilionaceae Arachis hypogea 10 Capsicum annuum Solananeace Red pepper

Animals observed in the study area are fox, pugs, dears, wild pores etc. Based on the type of contribution of organisms and its physical

setting the study area can be classified into cropland ecosystem and terrestrial ecosystem. The forest ecosystem in the study area has

no suitable habitat for moiré diversification of the flora and fauna. There is no endangered or rare flora or fauna in the region.

Similarly, there are no important medicinal plants.

Other than for domestic animals no suitable habitat is found for wild animals. Similarly, no migration route for any fauna is observed

in this area. No important sanctuaries or ecologically sensitive areas are located near proposed site to take any special attention.

Reptiles found in the study area are:

i. Cobra ii. Krait iii. Rat snake iv. Vine snake v. Calotes etc.

The bird commonly includes the following

i. Parrot ii. Sparrow iii. Crow iv. Myna v. Bulbul vi. Hawk vii. Wood pecker viii. Spotted owe



ix. Spotted dove x. Peacock xi. Nightingale

The mammalian fauna include, wildcat, rabits, common mongoose, common jackals, Indian porcupine, India hare and wild pig

8.10.0 SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

A brief socio-economic survey was conducted covering 10 km radius from the plant site. The information on socio-economic aspects

has been complied considering the information obtained from secondary sources including government and semi-government offices. A

brief summary of the same is given below.

• There are 09 villages and 04 hamlets in the study area within 10 km radius.

• As per the 2001 census data, the population in the study area is 9397 and 1175 residential households. This indicates an

average of 8 persons per household.

• The density of population in the study area is about 87 per square km.

• Literacy status of the area is found to be moderate with a total of 62% of the population.

• Domestic and drinking water requirement in the region is met by ground water and river water source. Some of the villages in

the area are provided with protected water supply but still lack planned water distribution and sanitary facilities. Primary

health centers people have to depend on facilities at Afzalpur Major health care facilities are available only at Gulbarga.

• Agricultural activity is mainly in monsoon season.

• Education facilities are also inadequate. The nearest educational centre is Afzalpur which is at a distance of 14 km from the

plant site.

• Most of the villages are electrified.

• There are no reported epidemic diseases in the region. General Health status of the people is satisfactory. Co-operative and

scheduled nationalized bank service is available in few villages of the area. Rural post offices are available at most of the

locations. Paved or tarred approach roads connected to all the villages in the area.



• State transport buses and private small vehicles are operating in main and village roads. There are no airport, railway lines or

national highways located in the study area.

• Co-operative and scheduled nationalized bank service is available in some villages of the area. Rural post offices and

communication facility are available at most of the locations.

The sugar industry is located at a distance 0.5 km distance from the site. Electric power is supplied to all the

villages for lighting and agricultural purposes. The power shortage is the common experience in the region

earlier to the commencement of the sugar unit. With the co-gen plant operating and supply excess power to

KPTCL grid, stabilize the power position in the region, their by irrigation pump sets have increased, formers

have switched over into commercial crop like sugarcane etc,. There are no significant archeological structures in

the study region, except the small temples in and around the villages.

8.11.0 Land Environment

Primarily agricultural activity is dominant in Gulbarga district region. Nearly 60% of the available land is used

for agriculture. Paddy, sugar cane and maize are the major crops being cultivated in the region. Paddy and

sugar cane are grown in irrigated (river water dependent) sectors, where as maize is grown in most of the non-

irrigated (rainwater dependent) zones. Besides these some horticulture strops are also being cultivated in this

region. Which includes coconut, arecanut and banana. In small quantity some vegetables, fruits and others are

grown in this zone. Satellite imagery data for 10 km radius of the Industry (Google map) is given in Enclosure

– 5.

This area has been subjected to the application of inorganic fertilizers for the past three decades. The common

fertilizers used in the study area NPK complex, urea, ammonium chloride, di-ammonium phosphate, ammonium



sulphate, potash and bio-fertilizers, insecticides & pesticides such as carbaryl, carbofuran, aldrin, BHC and

DDT are extensively used to control insects and pests.

The study area consists of mainly rain fed agricultural lands. Rainfall is medium to low. Some of the agricultural lands are irrigated by

bore well and Krishna lift irrigation source. Especially southern part of the region is irrigated from Krishna river source and is covered

with sugar cane crops. Crops such as sun flower, sugar cane, jawar, bajra, oil seed crops and cotton are grown in the area. Small

patches of lemon, banana and other horticulture plantation are seen in the area. Acasia and neem trees are common at the land

borders.

• Trees & Bushes : 5,047 hectares

About 15-20% of the total geographical area of the study region is being used for non-agricultural activities.

Consequent to urbanization, the land put to non-agricultural purposes. Which is increasing with time, the brief

particulars of the land use in Gulbarga district for agricultural and non-agricultural purposes as well as barren

lands are presented in the table.

• Total geographical area : 5,97,597 hectares

• Total cultivated land : 3,84,184 hectares

• Total Forest area : 89,918 hectares

• Barren land : 24,582 hectares

• Total cultivated land unused : 9,168 hectares

• Permanent barren land : 21,845 hectares

• Others : 12,295 hectares

(Source: Office of the Joint for agriculture, Govt. of Karnataka, Gulbarga) CHAPTER - 9

9.0.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES



Environmental impact in the study area is any alteration of environmental conditions or creation of new set of

environmental conditions, adverse or beneficial, caused or induced by the impact of project. The likely Impacts

of various activities of the proposed project on the environment such as air, water, soil, land use, ecology, socio-

economics were identified. The study also includes the measures to be incorporated in the project to mitigate

these impacts. The resultant impacts were assessed for their significance based on the background

environmental quality in the area and the magnitude of the impact. All components of the environment were

considered and wherever possible impacts were evaluated in quantitative/qualitative terms. Standard

techniques and methodologies have been adopted to predict impacts on various environmental components.

Estimated impacts have been superimposed over the baseline (pre-project) status of environmental quality

derive post project scenario of the environmental conditions. The resultant (post-project) quality of

environmental parameters is reviewed with respect to the permissible limits. The impacts thus predicted helps

to minimize adverse impacts on environmental quality during and after project execution by suitably designed

Environmental Management Plan.

The environmental impacts can be categorized as primary and secondary. Primary are those which are directly

attributed to the project and secondary impacts are those which are indirectly induced due to primary impacts

and include those associated with investment & socio-economic status. The project impact may be broadly

divided into two phases.

During Construction Phase: These may be regarded as temporary or short term and ceases with implementation of the project. hDuring Operation Phase: T ese impacts are continuous warranting permanent measures for mitigation and monitoring.



Construction and operation phase of the project comprises of various activities, each of which will have an impact on some or other

environmental parameters. Various impacts during construction and operational phase on various environmental parameters have

been studied to estimate the impact on environment as discussed below.

9.1.0 IMPACT DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE

The major activities during construction phase include,

4. Loading and unloading civil items and plant machineries

8. Maintenance of construction machinery

10.

1. Site preparation and development

2. Civil construction work

3. Vehicular movement

5. On site storage of civil items & plant machineries.

6. Erection of plant and civil structures

7. Power supply

9. Disposal of solid wastes

Accommodation for construction workers.

The activities will have impact on land environment, water environment, air environment, noise level and socio-

economics of the region and these are discussed below.

9.1.1 IMPACT ON LAND ENVIRONMENT



A total of about 58.83 hectares of land has been procured for the establishment of the industry. The land is nearly plain with out

vegetation or crops. Out of this 37.43 hectares will be factory area inclusive of plant proper, storage area, effluent treatment space.

Further, 19 hectare hectares will be used for greenery and green belt development. 2.4 hectares will be left for future expansion.

With land development and leveling the site will have a better landscape. The top soil will be affected due to leveling and civil

construction work. However this is restricted only to the factory boundary. As there are no major trees or crops in the site, the change

in land use pattern will not be significantly effected. However with establishment of the project, the vegetation coverage of the land will

improve due to greenery development.

Due to construction activities within the project boundary, there would be considerable changes in soil characteristics like

permeability, porosity, water holding capacity, soil structure and topography. However the effect is limited to factory area only. Along

with greenery, storm water drainage and rain harvesting facilities shall be provided to maintain the land environment.

9.1.2 IMPACT ON WATER ENVIRONMENT

Due to construction activities, the surface run-off during rainy season may contain more of eroded soil and other loose matter. With

segregation of construction area and proper drainages, the water contamination is prevented. As there are no water bodies in the

vicinity of the project site, the impact of construction activities on water environment is insignificant. As far as possible, construction

activities will be avoided during rainy days.

9.1.3 IMPACT ON AIR ENVIRONMENT

During construction phase, suspended particulate matter will be the main pollutant, which could be generated from site development

activities and movement of vehicles. Concentration of SO2 NOX and CO may slightly increase due to increased vehicular traffic. The

approach roads will be paved or tarred and vehicles will be kept in good order to minimize the pollution due to vehicular traffic. The

impact of such activities would be temporary and restricted to the constructed phase. The impact will be confined with in the project

boundary and is expected to be negligible outside the plant boundaries. Proper upkeep and maintenance of vehicles, sprinkling of

water on roads and construction site, providing sufficient vegetation all-around are some of the measure that would greatly reduce the

impacts during the construction phase.



9.1.4 IMPACT ON NOISE LEVEL

The major source of noise generation during the construction phase are vehicular traffic, construction equipment like dozers, scrapers, concrete mixer, cranes, generators, compressors, vibrators etc. The operation of these equipments will generate noise ranging between 70-85 dB (A). The noise produced during the construction will have significant impact on the existing ambient noise levels. The construction equipments have high noise levels which can affect the personnel, operating the machines. Major construction work will be carried during the daytime. Use of protective equipments like mufflers will reduce noise generated by such equipments. Personnel protective such as earplugs shall be used by the operators of these machineries.

9.1.5 IMPACT ON BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

Sound due to construction activities at the site involving human and vehicular movement will disturb aril and wild animals in the

area. Terrestrial micro flora and fauna at the site are also affected. However, the adverse effect are reduced by shortening the

construction phase period and development of greenery in the site. No effect on aquatic environment is expected as there are no water

bodies in the vicinity of the site. Further, there are no sensitive locations within the study area. Hence, no significant adverse impacts

are expected on biological environment.

9.1.6 IMPACT ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS

The construction phase induces employment opportunities for the local people. Up to 200 persons will be employed during peak

construction phase. In addition to the opportunity of getting employment in construction work, the local population would also have

employment opportunities in related activities like petty commercial establishments, small contracts and supply of construction

materials etc.

The dwelling of construction workers at the site may cause sanitation and other problems. As the villages are nearby and staying

facilities are readily available in these villages. The construction and other workers will not be permitted to reside at the project site.

Safety and health care of workers is also an important factor to be considered during construction phase. Hazards expected are

electrocution, vehicular accident, fall of personnel from over head works, high level noise due to construction machinery, centering

failure and exposure of eyes to dust and welding rays. Constructional and occupational safety measures will be adopted during

construction phase of the industry.



9.2.0 OPERATIONAL PHASE IMPACT

A. PROJECT FACILTIES AND ACTIVITIES

Co-gen Sugar Unit

1. Sugar manufacturing plant

Distillery Unit

4. Molasses and alcohol storage tank

The major project activities and the affected environmental parameters are given below.

2. Power plant consisting of boiler and turbine, diesel generators and electric distribution system.

3. Storage yards for bagasse, press mud and boiler ash

4. Sugar godown and molasses storage tank

5. Transportation of raw materials, products and personnel

6. Effluent treatment plant

1. Manufacturing unit

2. Power plant with boiler and turbine

3. Spent wash treatment plant with concentration and Incineration boiler

5. Transportation of raw materials, products and personnel

B. POLLUTION SOURCES



Co-gen Sugar Unit

1. Waste water from the factory

Distillery Unit

3. Topography & Climate

7. Biological

2. Flue gases from boiler and diesel generators

3. Solid wastes (Bagasse, molasses, boiler ash, press mud, ETP sludge and lime sludge)

4. Noise from turbine, D.G. set fans, steam vents, centrifuge, graders and vehicular movement.

1. Waste water from the distillery

2. Flue gases from boiler and diesel generators

3. Solid wastes including boiler ash and ETP sludge)

4. Noise from turbine, D.G. set, fans, steam vents and vehicular movement

C. AFFECTED ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS

1. Land use

2. Soil

4. Air quality

5. Water resources & quality

6. Noise level



8. Socio-economics

The impacts of operational activities on different parameters of environment are discussed below.

The study area comprises of agricultural and non-agricultural lands. During summer, the latter are dry and devoid of vegetation.

However, during rainy season they cover green with grass and shrubs. jowar, sun flower, maize and ground nut are the major crops in

the region. Part of the agricultural land is irrigated under bore well and lifts irrigation from Bhima River. With establishment of this

project more of the dry land will be brought under irrigation and cropping pattern will shift towards sugar cane cultivation.

1. SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION

9.2.1 IMPACT ON LAND ENVIRONMENT

The project site of 58.43 hectares area is presently a barren land devoid of any trees or plantation. This will be brought in to planned

landscaping. Along with implementation of project, more than 30 % of the land area will be covered with greenery.

9.2.2 IMPACT ON SOIL

The impact on the soil characteristics in the study area is likely because of discharges of spent wash and solid

waste generation. Spent wash is totally evaporated and is discharged on land. Boiler ash is the solid waste

generated from the industry. This contains plant nutrients such as potash and phosphate and therefore will be

utilized as plant nutrients on agricultural land. Hence the soil quality of the area will not be adversely affected

by the industrial activities. The soil characteristics in the study area are given in Chapter-8. It is seen that the

characteristics are fairly acceptable.

9.2.3 IMPACT ON AIR QUALITY

The air quality of the region will be affected by the gaseous emissions from the industry. The gaseous emissions from co-gen sugar and

distillery are listed bellow.



Sl. No. Source Pollutants A Co-gen Sugar Unit

1 Flue gases from 35 (2 nos and 100 T/hr boiler)

SPM, SO2 and NOx

2 Smoke from 500 KVA d.g. sets (2 Nos.) SO2 and NOx

3 Fugitive emissions i Boiler ash handling and storage yard

SPM

ii Sugar drier and grader

SPM

iii Vehicular movement

SPM & SO2

B.

Distillery Unit

1 Fermenter vapors Ethanol vapors

2 Fugitive emissions

3 Boiler ash handling and storage SPM

4 Vehicular movement

SPM

5 Odour from spent wash storage Odour

2. AIR POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES

The proposed industry will be established with built in air pollution control measures as enumerated in Chapter-6. The control

measures are summarized bellow.

Gaseous Emissions

1. 35 T/hr (2 nos) boiler present in co-gen sugar unit is fired with bagasse during crushing season and coal or agro waste during

off crushing season. The boiler is provided with electro static precipitator and chimney of adequate height to reduce air

pollution to the permissible limits.

2. 100 T/hr boiler is fired with bagassee. The boiler is provided with ESP and chimney of adequate height to reduce air pollution

to the permissible limits.



3. Fermenter vent gases containing carbon dioxide gases and ethanol vapor is scrubbed with water and the scrubbed aqueous

solution is recycled to the fermenter.

The details of stack and gaseous emissions from the boiler are given in Table-9.1.

Table-9.1 Stack Emissions from the Industry

Sl. No. Emissions

Boiler 35 T/hr

(2 nos)

Boiler 100 T/hr

D.G. set, 500 KVA

2 sets

1 Stack No 1 2 32 Stack ht (h), m 42 82 9,(ARL) 3 Stack inner dia, at exit (d),m 0.9 92 0.3 4 Stack exit gas velocity (vs), m/s 12 3.2 30 3 Fuel quantity Bagasse, T/hr 32 45 Coal, T/hr -- --- -- Diesel, kg/hr -- --- 1204 Flue gas (Vs), Nm3/hr 26050 66800 --5 Flue gas vel. at chimney exit,(vs), m/s 12.0 16.0 -- 6 APC measure for SPM Wet

scrubber ESP ---

7 Pollutants 8 SPM, g/s (max.) 4.82 8.7 --- SO2, g/s (max.)

16.63 21.3 --

--- Fugitive Emissions

The impact of fugitive emissions in the industry will be controlled by following measures.

i. The conveyors of bagasse, press mud, sugar grader, sugar drier, boiler ash will be suitably covered with hood or

enclosures to control fugitive emissions.

ii. All internal roads in the premise will be tarred / concreted.



iii. Plantation and green belt will be developed on either side of the roads and around storage yards of bagasse,

boiler ash, press-mud, spent wash storage tank, and around the periphery of the industry.

iv. The roads will be sprayed with water through tractor tankers. Ash discharged from boiler will be quenched with

water sprayer.

The quality of ambient air after the proposed capacity enhancement is estimated by mathematical modeling as is

indicated below.

DISPERSION AND GROUND LEVEL CONCENTRATION OF AIR POLLUTANTS BY MATHEMATICAL

MODELLING

The dispersion and ground level concentration of suspended solids, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in ambient air due to the

emissions from boiler stack is estimated. The estimation of impact due to project activities on air environment was based on

Pre project ambient air quality

Source, quantity and quality of emissions

Air quality modeling

The maximum ground level concentration of pollutants under worst operation and environmental scenario in down wind direction is

estimated by Gaussian point dispersion equation.

The concentration of suspended solids, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in ambient air in the region will be enhanced due to the

presence of the proposed industry.

• The maximum concentration of these parameters in ambient air under slightly unstable conditions is

estimated by Guassian model relations as per CPCB guide lines and the results are furnished below.

• Mathematical modeling has been done for predicting short term ground level incremental concentrations of



pollutants based on post monsoon site data to predict the maximum incremental contributions over the

existing pollutant levels due to the proposed expansions in the plant.

• Maximum values of incremental ground concentrations of pollutants are estimated. The quality of air is

calculated for the locations of highest concentrations, which shall be present in downwind direction from the

chimney. The calculations are done for 200 m to 5000 m from the source. Model Options used for

Computations

The options used for short-term computations are:

• The plume rise is estimated by Briggs formulae, but the final rise is always limited to that of the mixing

layer.

• Stack tip down wash is not considered.

• Buoyancy Induced Dispersion is used to describe the increase in plume dispersion during the ascension

phase.

• Calm /near neutral condition is assumed.

• Wind profile exponents are used by 'Irwin'.

• Flat terrain is used for computations.

• It is assumed that the pollutants do not undergo any physico-chemical transformation and that there is

no pollutant removal by dry deposition.

• Washout by rain is not considered.



• Cartesian co-ordinate system has been used for computations.

• The model computations have been done for upto 5 km.

INPUT DATA

Data recorded at the weather station on wind speed, direction and temperature (has been used for computations. This data has been

used for establishing the hourly stability class. The Sigma theta method (USEPA) based on frequency distribution of wind direction in

conjunction with wind speed has adopted for the establishing the hourly stability class. The mixing height data at the nearest IMD

Gulbarga station is given in Table-8.4. As the site specific mixing height is not available, EPA approved general mixing heights as

applicable for Industrial Source Complex model has been considered for modeling to establish the worst-case scenario. The data on

ambient air quality is given in Table-9.2. The mixing heights considered for modeling is given below in Table - 9.3.

Source of Air Pollutants from boilers is given in Table-9.1.

METEOROLOGICAL DATA

The meteorological data monitored at plant site during pre-monsoon has been used for the modeling. The

meteorological data used for modeling is given below:

Table-9.2 Data on Ambient Air quality

Parameter Value

Ambient air temperature, Ta 303 K

Atmospheric pressure, P 940 mb

Dry ambient lapse, T -1.6 K/100m

Wind direction, From WWN & E

Wind velocity at 10 m/height, ua 1 m/sec

Pasquill stability category of the Atmosphere, C (slightly unstable)



Exponential factor for wind velocity Profile for rural conditions, p

0.15 for atmospheric stability of C category

Table - 9.3 Mixing Heights Considered For Computations

Stability Class Mixing Height (m)

A 1300B and C 900

D 750 E and F 400

From IMD data it is noted that the weather in the region is slightly unstable and for wind velocity 1 cm/s the Pasquill atmospheric

stability criteria is class C.

ESTIMATION OF DOWNWIND GROUND LEVEL SPM CONCENTRATION

Ground level concentrations directly downwind at a distance of x meter from source is given by the Gaussian point some dispersion equation as Q -H2

Cx distance = exp πuδyδz 2δz2

Where,

Cx = Concentration at ground level at a distance x meter from the bottom of chimney the downwind direction, µg/s

x = Down wind distance along plume mean centre from source (200m to10000m)

Q = Emission rate, µg/s

H = (h + ∆h), effective height, m

∆h = Plumb rise, m

h = Height of the chimney, m

σy = standard deviations plume concentration (dispersion co-efficient) in horizontal direction, m.

σz = standard deviations plume concentration (dispersion co-efficient) in Vertical direction, m



The value of dispersion co-efficient depends on distance x, wind speed and stability conditions of atmosphere. The insulation is

selected as moderate based on Cloud cover and solar angle data. The stability classification is identified as C class based on

meteorological data of atmosphere and wind speed. The data for the same is obtained from IMD Gulbarga (Table 8.2) and on-site

monitoring.

i) Dispersion co-efficient σy and σz for stability class ‘C’ in meters is given bellow

(Source: D.B. Turner, 1969)

Distance from source, m Dispersion co-eff. 400 700m 1000 m 2000 m 4000 m 7000 m 10000 m

δy 44 m 74 m 105 m 200 m 370 m 610m 840 m δz 26 m 43 m 61 m 115 m 220 m 360 m 510 m

The analytical procedure for estimation for of GLC is presented bellow. Q = Pollution load, µg/s

Predicted GLCs at different distances from the source are given in Table–9.4.

= (g/s of SPM) (10)6, µg/s

F = Buoyancy flux parameter, m4/s

= gd2vs (Ts-Ta)/4Ts, m4/s

u = Wind speed at emission discharge, m/s

u is calculated by Irvins wind scaling law.

u = ua x (H/10)p , m/s Where, p = 0.15 for ‘C’ class stability and rural conditions ∆h = Plume rise, m

Plume rise is estimated from Briggs formulae and the relation is indicated bellow.

∆h = Exb/ua , m

Where, E=1.6 F1/3, a=1 and b=2/3 for the conditions F > 55 and x < 119F0.4

E=38.7 F0.6, a=1 and b=0 for the conditions F > 55 and x >119F0.4

H = (h +∆ h),



Table - 9.4 Predicted GLC of SPM & SO2 NOx (For Boiler emissions)

Distance from source, m Incremental due to Boiler 400 m 700m 1000 m 2000 m 4000 m 7000 m 10000 m

Incremental Max. SPM, µg/m3 0.00 0.00 0.20 3.22 2.89 1.41 0.78

Incremental Max. SO2, µg/m3 0.00 0.00 0.49 7.89 7.08 3.44 1.92

ESTIMATED DATA FOR GROUND LEVEL CONCENTRATIONS

The short-term ground level concentrations have been computed for pre-monsoon season. The maximum values of ground level

concentrations at different locations are presented in Tables 9.5 and 9.6.

Table – 9.5 Short Term Maximum Incremental Concentrations

Max. Incr. GLC and distance for stack attached to Boiler Season Pollutan

ts GLC, µg/m3 Dist. km

SPM 3.22 2.0 Pre monsoon SO2 7.89 2.0

Table 9.6 Resultant Concentrations of Air Pollutants in Study area



Sl. No locations AQ1 AQ2 AQ3 AQ4 AQ5 AQ6 AQ7 AQ8

Baseline level (µg/m3) SPM 142.0 116.4 123.1 122.0 120.0 121.6 120.2 130.4 SO2 19.0 22.8 24.0 28.9 24.9 21.2 18.2 15.6Incremental due to Boiler SPM 3.22 3.22 3.22 3.22 3.22 3.22 3.22 3.22 SO2 7.89 7.89 7.89 7.89 7.89 7.89 7.89 7.89Resultant Level SPM 145.22 119.62 123.22 126.32 125.22 124.82 123.42 133.62 SO2 26.89 30.69 31.89 36.79 32.79 29.09 26.09 23.49

Location details of estimation are given in Chapter-8.3.

CONCLUSIONS

SPM and SO2 are the major gaseous pollutants from the industry. The estimated GLC of pollutants due to

gaseous emissions from boiler are given in Table-8.6. The maximum incremental GLC of SPM and SO2 in the

region is expected to be 3.22 and 7.89 µg / m3 for boiler occurring at 2 km from source. Maximum

concentration of SPM and SO2 in ambient air under worst condition is expected to be 145.22 and 36.79 µg/m3,

respectively. The total concentration of SPM and SO2 in ambient air after establishment of the proposed project

will be well within the permissible limits of 200 µg/m3 and 80 µg/m3, respectively for residential area. In view of

air pollution control measures adopted in the industry the impact of proposed project activities is not likely to

cause significant impact on the existing ambient air quality in the region.

iii. FUGITIVE EMISSIONS

The emission in plant premise is mainly due to fugitive emissions. The ambient air quality was also monitored

for the plant premise. The ambient air quality data of the plant premise is in the range of 99.4 to 142.0 µg/m3

well with in the permissible limits for the industrial zone (Table 8.7).



Handling boiler fuel (bio-mass) and boiler ash and the movement vehicles is the source of fugitive emission in

the plant premises. Water sprinkling is practiced on roads and other locations of dust source to control fugitive

emissions. Green belts and plantations are developed around solid storage yards, manufacturing plants, road

sides to reduce the adverse impact of fugitive emissions. The impact of fugitive emissions in the industry are

controlled by following measures

• Green belt and greenery development around storage yards, around plants, either side of roads and around

the periphery of the industry.

• Water spray and sprinkling is practiced at roads and near loading unloading locations. The roads will be

sprayed with water through tractor tankers.

• Covers and shields to conveyors of solid material

• The conveyors of fuel are suitably covered with hood or enclosures to control fugitive emissions.

• All internal roads in the premise will be tarred / concreted.

9.2.3. TRAFFIC DENSITY AND ITS IMPACT ON AMBIENT AIR

Raw materials (molasses, fuels ( bagasse/wood chips) will be procured from various locations in the state

trough lorry transported to the factory through lorry vehicles. Similarly sugar and alcohol produced in

the factory is transported to various consumers in and out of the state through lorry tankers. The

vehicles will move mainly through Afzalpur road. This road is part of the State High way connecting

Gulbarga. With recent commercial and industrial developments in Gulbarga district the traffic on this

road has considerably increased. This road is a major tarred double road and is well developed.



1. TRAFFIC SURVEY

Traffic survey is the study of flow of traffic/vehicles, designing and operating traffic system to achieve

safe and efficient movement of vehicles, persons and goods. Traffic studies are carried out to analyse the

traffic characteristics. These surveys are conducted to assess the impact of traffic with reference to road

safety and carrying capacity of roads. This will help to in deciding the geometric design feature and

traffic control for safe and efficient traffic movements. The density of vehicles on the road is given in

Table-9.7.

Passenger Car Unit ( PCU)

PCU different classes of vehicles such as cars, vans, buses, trucks, autorikshaws, motor cucles, pedal

cycles, bullock carts, etc are found to use the common road way facilities without segregation on most of

the roads in developing countries like India. The flow of traffic with unrestricted mixing of different

vehicle classes on the road ways forms the heterogeneous traffic flow or the mixed traffic flow. It is a

common practice to consider the passenger car as the standard vehicle unit to convert the other vehicle

classes and this unit is called as Passenger Car Unit or PCU. Thus in mixed traffic flow, the traffic volume

and capacity are generally expressed as PCU per hour or PCU/lane/hour and the traffic density as PCU

per km length of lane. Recommended {CU units for the practiced purposes are given below.

Types of vehicles Equivalent PCU

Passenger car 1.00

Motorcycle 0.33

Light van 1.25



Medium Lorry 1.75

Heavy Lorry 2.25

Bus 2.25

Time

02.03.2008 307

11AM to 01PM

395 61 352 177 985

02.03.2008 02PM to 04PM

402 45 342 196 985

Trailer 2.25

3-Wheeler 0.55

Table-9.7 Data of Traffic Survey at Gulbarga

Date Twowheeler

Three wheelers

Light vehicles

Heavy vehicles

Total

08AM to 10AM

422 52 202 983

02.03.2008



02.03.2008 05PM to 07PM

411 49 333 208 1001

Total 1630 207

04.03.2008

198

1016

1334 783

Total in P.C.U. 538 114 1134 1762 3954

04.03.2008 08AM to 10AM

411 48 325 220 1004

04.03.2008 11AM to 01PM

389 69 348 177 983

04.03.2008 02PM to 04PM

396 43 366 209 1014

05PM to 07PM

415 51 336 215 1017

Total 1611 211 1375 821

Total in P.C.U. 532 116 1375 1847 4018

06.03.2008 08AM to 10AM

436 58 316 199 1009

06.03.2008 11AM to 01PM

391 57 358 171 977

06.03.2008 02PM to 04PM

406 47 349 1000

06.03.2008 05PM to 07PM

428 44 331 213

Total 1661 206 1354 781

Total in P.C.U. 548 68 1354 1757 4002

2. TRANSPORTATION DUE TO THE PROPOSED PROJECT



i. Personnel

A maximum of 50 persons will be engaged in construction works. Construction period is about 3 months. They use company vehicle

facilities, public transportation and own vehicles.

During operation a maximum of about 250 persons (inclusive of employees and visitors) are attending the industry. A total of about 10

visits by four wheelers and about 40 visits by two wheelers will made to the industry for transportation of personnel.

ii. Material

A maximum of construction material including gravel, sand, stone and bricks transported per day will be about 6. During operation,

an average of about 120 vehicles per day will move to the industry to carry material.

Hourly and daily maximum movement of light and heavy vehicles may be considered as 150 % of the average values. Additional traffic

due to the proposed project is given below.

ADDITION OF TRAFFIC DUE TO THE PROPOSED PROJECT

Traffic Vehicle Hourly max Daily max.

Two wheelers 28 8

Light vehicles (CPU) 30 5

Heavy vehicles 180 24

3. IMPACTS

The transportation density on the road is likely to increases by about 5 %. The road is a major double

road and has adequate capacity to take the additional vehicular load.

The road passes through villages and agriculture lands. Lorries carrying solid material such as husk and

wood chips will be covered with tarpaulin. Road side tree plantation is already present. The industry will



take measures to additional plantation on road sides. Bell mouth shape geometry will be provided at

entry and gates.

Considering the facilities as above the impact of additional transportation on road will be insignificant.

9.2.4 WATER ENVIRONMENT

Fresh water requirement to the industry will be met from Bhima river. The withdrawal of water from

river will affect its competitive users. Wastewater is discharged from the industry. This is also likely to

affect the receiving land and water bodies. Potential impacts of withdrawal of water and wastewater

discharges from the proposed industry on land or water body is an important factor in EIA Studies, The

quantitative and qualitative information on water utilization and waste water generation in the

proposed industry is presented in Chapters -4 and 5. The information also includes the built in facilities

and measures for treatment and disposal waste water proposed to be incorporated in the project. The

impacts expected from withdrawal water from river and disposal of waste water on land or water bodies is

discussed in this section.

WATER USAGES

The water present in sugar cane is recovered and used in the process and therefore the quantity of fresh

water utilized in the industry is relatively less. Sugar cane it self contains 70 % water which is recovered

by evaporation of juice and is used in the sugar industry to meet its process requirement. Fresh water

requirement to the industry including co-gen sugar unit and distillery is about 2150 m3/d. Karnataka

government has given permission to draw 2000 m3/d of water from Bjima river. A total of about 1844

m3/d of treated waste water will be discharged for irrigation of agricultural lands.



WASTE WATER DISPOSAL

The source, quantity, quality, treatment and disposal of waste water generated from the industry is

summarized bellow.

Sl. No.

Source & Quantity,

pH

BOD, mg/l

TDS, mg/l Treatment & Disposal

1 Co-gen sugar unit 5.5 1583 1308

After neutralization clarified and then treated in two stage ASP. Treated effluent discharged on agricultural land

2 Distillery spent wash 4.0 12540

0 62100 Concentrated and used as fuel in boiler.

3 Domestic waste 5.5 330 760 Stabilized in septic tank and then sent co-gen ETP and Quenching of boiler ash

4

Excess vapour condensate

water, 8470 m3/d

20 7.0 360 Collected in reservoir, tested and used on agricultural land



IMPACT ON SURFACE WATER

The waste water is treated and completely used on land for cultivation of sugar cane and development of

greenery. Water will not be discharged to or allowed to join surface water bodies. With the water

management measures as above the surface water of the region is will not be affected by the discharge of

the industrial effluents.

IMPACT ON GROUND WATER

Under ground water source will not be depleted by the project, as the water is not drawn from ground source. However with rain water

harvesting the water table at the location of the site may improve. The treated waste water from the industry is used for irrigation

purpose. Hence, there is no possibility of ground water contamination. The Sugar cane cultivation will enhance the utilization of

surface water from river Bhima.

With the use of fertilizer in sugar cane lands, the underground water quality may be affected due to percolation. The farmers will be,

discouraged to use chemical fertilizers instead they will be advised to use green manure.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

Spent wash generated from the distillery will be concentrated in the evaporators and then burnt as fuel

in the boiler. No spent wash will be discharged from the plant. The effluent from WTP containing high

dissolved solids will be utilized in quenching of boiler ash to cool and also to suppress the fugitive dust.

Domestic effluent stabilized and then disposed to soak pit. The treated effluent from guard pond will be

utilized to irrigate the greenery. 20 acres of land in factory premise has been covered with greenery/

plantation for utilization of this treated effluent.



In view of the measures taken there is no adverse effect of waste water and waste solid disposal on

environment. On the other hand, it will have positive impact by improving the agricultural production in

the farmers land.

9.2.5 NOISE ENVIRONMENT

Noise is described as an unwanted sound. Noise exposure affects a human being in many ways depending upon a noise, its frequency

and exposure duration. Exposure to excessive noise produces varying degree of damage to human hearing system which is initially

reversible. Speech interference, sleep interference annoyance, mental fatigue and headache are few of the other effects which are

caused by the high level exposure of long duration noise. In certain circumstances noise can cause decreased electrical resistance in

the skin and a reduction in gastric activity. The permissible occupational noise level and exposer time is given in Table–9.8.

Table – 9.8 Standards For Occupational Noise Exposure

Total Time of Exposure per day in hours (continuous or short

term Exposure)

Sound pressure level in dB (A)

8 90 6 924 953 972 100

3/2 102 1 105¾ 107½ 110

1/4 115 NEVER 115

Note: No exposure in excess of 115 of dB(A) is to be permitted. For any period of exposure falling in between any figure and the next

higher or lower figure or indicated in column (1). The permissible level is to be determined by extrapolation on a proportionate scale.

Similarly, the standards for ambient noise level are given below.

Category of area dB (A) Day dB (A) Night Industrial Area 75 70



Commercial Area 65 55 Residential Area 55 45 Silence Zone 50 40

Day Time : 8 am to 9 pm Night tim : 9 pm to 6 am

To meet these limits, noise abaterment measures as indicated in EMP will be incorporated with the project.

The principle source of noise from industry are from fans, centrifuge, turbine, sugar dryer, steam traps, steam vents etc., the observed

noise level of these machineries in existing sugar factories is given below.

i. Steam turbine - 95 – 100 dB(A)

ii. Diesel Generator - 100- 105 dB(A)

iii. Fans, compressors and blowers - 90-95 dB(A)

iv. Sugar grader - 85-90 dB(A)

v. Centrifuge - 90-95 dB(A)

Most of these generate higher noise. The movement of vehicles like trucks & tractors have noise level of 70-75 dB(A).

The data on noise generation and control in D.G. set is given below.

Diesel gen. set capacity : 500 KVA

Noise level at manufacturing stage : 94 + 10 log (KVA)

Efforts shall be done to bring down the noise level due to the D. G. set, outside the premise with in the limits of about 70 dB(A) by

sitting and control measures. The D.G. set room is provided with acoustic treatment for minimum 25 dB (A) insertion loss. Exhaust

muffler of suitable quality is provided to offer an insertion loss of about 25 dB(A).

The sources of noise are categorized in to stationary and mobile source (Point, line and area source). Transmission path from source

to receiver is characterized by the properties of the media viz., air and the presence of barriers, like wall, trees vegetation etc., The net

sound energy reaching the receiver from a number of sources my be computed by logarithmic addition of noise levels at the receiver

due to all noise sources independently. The noise impact will be insignificant outside the factory premise.

The noise levels at various distances from the sources were predicted using equation.



LP2 = Lp1 20 log ( r2 / r1) – A e1

Lp2 = Noise level at r2 Distance from source

Lp1 = Noise level at r1 Distance from source.

The D.G. Set noise level will be reduced to 70 dBA at 70 m distance.

The noise level due to project activity is limited to the project site only and little impact on surrounding

area. However, movement of vehicles will increase noise levels on the roads and their near vicinity.

Suitable measures have to be adopted for occupational noise safety in factory and good maintenance of

vehicles.

9.2.6 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

The study area is mainly agricultural land. There are no forests and water body of significance in the

region, except the river Bhima at 4 km S and E from the site. There are no endangered flora and fauna

species in the region. The project activities are restricted to the factory site except the transportation of

sugar cane. Increased sugar cane cultivation shall turn the area in to more green and may also help avial

and animal species.

The factory waste discharges including gaseous, liquid and solid are not hazardous. Further, they have

been effectively managed and there shall not be any adverse impact of these materials on biological

environment.

9.2.7 SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT :

Agricultural land area increases in the region with a shift to sugarcane cultivation. The yearly returns on sugar cane are about

Rs.35000 per acre as compared to Rs.6000 to 12000 with conventional crops. Establishment of project will enhance the agricultural

activity with improved economic strength to the farmer. The number of farm implements and tractors in the region will enhance.



With the development of industrial and commercial activity in the area there is likelihood of deteriating of human values as observed

elsewhere in the similar industrial developments. Effective education and enhanced social activities will help to maintain the human

values in the region.

Presently the educational facilities in the study area are limited to primary and high school. With establishment of this industry the

transportation, public mobility and job opportunity along with associated activities in the region may increase. These activities will

improve economic condition of the local population. Hence higher education including professional and technical training institutes are

likely to be established in the region to meet the desire of people.

The presence of the industry will enhance job opportunities and commercial activities, which inturn will improve the economic

conditions of the population. Service infrascture like transportation, health care, education, communication facilities may improve

considerably. The availability of power from the industry will help to reduce the power scarcity and frequent power failures in the

region by stabilization of the power in the grid, which will improve power supply to irrigation pump sets and house hold requirements.



CHAPTER - 10

10.0.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME

A chemical or process industry in general produces solid, liquid and gaseous wastes, which are discharged to the environment. These

discharges pollute receiving media such as air, water and land which in turn harm living beings and property. The waste product may

contain one or more chemical constituents. It is the responsibility of the industries to prevent or minimize the discharges of waste



products by adopting suitable control measures in the factory to avoid harm to the environment. The effectiveness of such measures is

ascertained by systematic monitoring of discharges at factory level and at receiving level. Systematic monitoring of various

environmental parameters will be carried out on regular basis to ascertain the following,

i. Pollution status within the plant and in its vicinity.

ii. Generate data for predictive or corrective purpose in respect of pollution.

iii. Effectiveness of pollution control measures and control facilities.

iv. To assess environmental impacts.

v. To follow the trend of parameters which have been identified as critical;

10.1.0 MONITORING PLAN

Regular monitoring of important and crucial environmental parameters is of immense importance to assess the status of environment

during plant operation. The knowledge of baseline status and monitored data is an indicator to ascertain for any deterioration in

environmental conditions due to operation of the plant. Based on these data, suitable mitigation steps could be taken in time to

safeguard the environment. Monitoring is as important as that of pollution control since the efficiency of control measures can only be

determined by monitoring. The routine monitoring program as indicated below will be implemented in the industry. A comprehensive

monitoring program is suggested.

Air Pollution and Metrological Aspects

Both ambient air quality and stack emissions should be monitored. It is also proposed that continuous monitoring of SPM. NOx and

SO2 emissions be undertaken in the major stacks. The ambient air should be monitored in line with the guidelines of Central Pollution

Control Board.

Water and Waste water Quality

All the effluents emanating from the plant should be monitored for their physico-chemical characteristics and heavy metals. In addition ground water samples surrounding the hazardous waste storage area should be monitored.



Noise Levels

Particulars

Noise levels in the work zone environment should be monitored. The frequency should be once in three months in the work zone. Similarly, seasonal ambient noise levels.

10.2.0 SAMPLING SCEDULE AND LOCATIONS

The solid, liquid or gases discharges from the factory are analyzed at the sampling points indicated below by the factory as self monitoring system. Post Project Monitoring Plan with environmental attributes and schedule of monitoring is given in Table-10.1.

Table-10.1 Post Project Monitoring Schedule 10.3.0 LABORATORY

FASCILITIES Sl.No. Location Frequency1 Ambient Air Quality

Laboratory is provided with man power

and facilities for self monitoring of

pollutants generated in the industry

and also its effects on the receiving soil,

water body and atmosphere. The list of

laboratory facilities to be provided in

the industry is given in Table-10-2. The

laboratory is equipped with

instruments and chemicals required for

monitoring following pollution parameters.

for SPM, RSPM, SO2 and NOx

2 Nos each in wind direction with respect to the Site

24 hrs. sample, Half yearly

Flue gases from stack for SPM, SO2 and NOx

Sampling port of chimney once a month

2 Wind and Weather wind vel., & dir.,

At site hourly

3 Temp (max & min) Humidity (max & min) Rainfall

At Site At Site At Site

Daily Daily Daily

4 Ground water Drinking water standards

At site, 3 locations around spent wash tank

Quarterly

5 Soil Org. & Inorg. Matter At site Pre & Post monsoon 6 Effluent water Final discharge point Daily

For water

pH , temp, BOD, C.O.D, T.D.S, CL, SO2- 4, PO3 –4 , N, Na, K, D.O. etc



For gases

Velocity, Temp, SPM, SO2 , NOX CO and CO2 from the stack. SPM , SO,2,

NOx, RSPM, from Ambient air

Meteorology

Wind speed and direction, temperature, relative humidity and rainfall.

Table-10.2 List Of Laboratory Equipments

Air Quality

Flame photometer

High volume sampler

Meteorological station (continuous)

Spectrophotometer (Visible range)

Sound level meter

Water and Soil Quality

pH meter

Conductivity Meter

Turbidity Meter

Dissolved oxygen apparatus

Kjedhal Assembly



Microscope

Muffle Furnace

Soxhlet apparatus

BOD incubator

COD reflux set

Spectrophotometer

BACTERIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

Autoclave

Bacteriological Incubator

GENERAL

Distilled water plant `

Balances

Magnetic Stirrer

Refrigerator

Drying Oven

Balances

Centrifuge

A set of chemicals, glass ware and apparatus

10.4.0 BUDGET FOR MONITORING



Sl. No. Item Amount, Rs Procurement

schedule A CAPITAL INVESTMENT Laboratory facilities 600000-00 During construction phase Weather monitoring facilities 400000-00 During construction phase

B MAINTENANCE COST Monitoring of water, waste water,

soil, solid waste 500000-00 During operation phase

Ambient air and stack emission monitoring 300000-00 During operation phase



46Shree Renuka Sugars Limited, Havalaga

CHAPTER - 11

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN


CHAPTER - 11

11.0.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

This chapter provides measures for mitigation of negative environmental impacts of the project. The

objective of Environment Management Plan (EMP) is to conserve resources, minimise waste generation,

treatment of wastes and protect properties. The sources of pollution and built in pollution control

measure are discussed in Chapter-4 to 7. The impacts of project activity on environment and their

mitigation measures are presented in Chapter-9. Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been

prepared on the basis of existing environmental status of the project location and the expected impacts

of the project activities on environment. It incorporates the measures for greenery development, rain

water harvesting and post project monitoring of environmental quality. The EMP measures to minimise

adverse impacts are classified as,

Measures built in the process

Measures during construction phase

Measures during operation phase.

MEASURES BUILT IN THE PROCESS



The main objective is to employ environments friendly process. It shall incorporate efficient utilisation

of resources, minimum waste generation, built in waste treatment and operation safety. The measures

adopted are:

• Separation, recovery and recycle of yeast present in fermenter wash for reuse in fermenter. This

reduces the use of fresh culture and nutrients in the fermenter and also improves ethanol yield.

• Use of live steam is avoided by employing re-boiler in distillation columns. This reduces the

generation of wastewater.

• Scrubbing of fermenter vent gases containing CO2 to recover traces of alcohol present in it.



• Concentration and evaporation of spent wash

• Provision of incineration type of boiler for utilization of concentrated spent wash as fuel.

11.1.0 CONSTRUCTION PHASE MANAGEMENT PLAN

1. WATER MANAGEMENT

The period of construction activity is about three months. Water utilization or waste water generation is not significant. Monsoon will

be avoided for the construction activity, particularly the excavation work. Appropriate sanitation facilities will be provided for the

workers. Construction wastes will not be discharged. As for as possible the construction wastes will be recycled and reused. Otherwise

it will be disposed off-site on a designated landfill site.

2. AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT

• All vehicles and construction equipment with internal combustion engines being used will be maintained for effective

combustion to reduce vehicular emissions.

• Vehicles being allowed within the construction site for the construction activity will be meeting the regulations of vehicular

pollution.

• Water will be sprayed with high pressure hoses for dust suppression during dust generating activities such as excavation,

crushing, concrete mixing, material handling etc.

3. SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS

• Use of local people for construction work to the maximum extent possible

• Providing proper facilities for water supply, sanitation, domestic fuel, education, transportation, etc. for the construction

workers.



• Protection of company employees and equipment from construction hazards, including open excavations, falling objects,

welding operations, dust, temporary wring, and temporary overhead electrical lines.

• Barricades and fences are provided around the construction area personnel protective equipments e.g. safety helmet, goggles,

gumshoes, etc. will be provided to the workers.

11.2.0 OPERATIONAL PHASE MANAGEMENT PLAN

The generation of pollutants such as wastewater, gaseous emissions and waste solid during normal

operational phase will cause adverse impacts and stress on various environment parameters. The management

plan for mitigation of adverse impacts and enhancement of beneficial impacts is discussed below.

11.2.1 WATER MANAGEMENT

i. WATER RESOURCES

Fresh water needed to the industry is minimized by taking appropriates reuse and recycle measures as discussed in chapter-5. After

enhancement of capacity, the requirement of water in the industry during off season will be 2015. The water is used mainly for as a

make up for cooling tower and boiler. Requirement of fresh water to the industry met from Bhima river. During scarcity of water in the

river water will be drawn from bore well source.

• Fresh water need to the industry is minimized by adoption of reuse and recycle measures as discussed in Chapter- 5.

The total water requirement will be with in the already sanctioned limits.

•

A network of planned storm water drainages is provided to avoid contamination of rainwater with factory wastewater or

other waste material. Rain harvesting plan as explained below is implemented to collect and store rainwater and also to

replenish the ground water source. Rainwater, thus collected is used for irrigation application. This water will also be used to

supplement the fresh water requirement in the industry.



•

A water reservoir of about 32000 m3 capacity is constructed in the industry. Water is collected in the reservoir during

rainy season. Water stored in the reservoir will be used for greenery development and to plant during lean flow period of the

river.

ii. WASTE WATER

The quantity and quality of wastewater in the plant is controlled by following measures:

• Recycle of process water including steam condensate and reuse of treated wastewater in the plant.

• Control of water taps, washings, leakages from pump glands and flanged joints.

• Overflow of vessels is strictly avoided.

• Floor cleaning with water will be replaced with dry cleanings using bio-mass.

• Leakage and spillage of molasses at pumps and vessels is collected in small pits and recycled

• Effluent treatment facilities as envisaged in Chapter- 5 shall be provided.

• Storage reservoirs of adequate capacity are provided to hold rainwater and treated effluent during unfavourable climatic

condition.

iii. RESERVOIR FOR TREATED EFFLUENT

During rainy days the effluent can not be applied on land for irrigation. Hence, guard pond of an adequate capacity is provided to hold

treated effluent under such situations. The climatic conditions of the region is

Effluent : 356 m3/day Hold – up capacity : 15 days, (5400 m3) Size of reservoir : 45 m x 30 m x 4 m Free board : 1.0 m



The reservoir is constructed of earthen work with suitable compaction as per standard practices and its interior is suitably finished to

prevent seepage. The location of effluent reservoir is shown in layout plan.

11.2.2 AIR ENVIRONMENT

i. FLUE GASES

Boilers are fired with bio-mass and spent wash concentrate. Flue gases generated from boilers are treated

in bag filters and vented through chimney of adequate height. There are no process emissions from the plant.

Fugitive emissions are expected mainly at ash yard and roads. However traces of odorous gases containing

methane and hydrogen sulphide may generate from spent storage tank. The following measures are adopted to

manage the gaseous emissions to prevent their adverse impact on the environment. Stack emissions and

ambient in and around the site will be regularly monitored.

ii. FUGITIVE EMISSION

• Fugitive emissions within the factory and storage yards are controlled by good house keeping, water spraying and sprinkling.

• Tree plantation in 3 to 5 rows is developed all around raw material and solid waste storage yards.

• All internal roads are properly paved or tarred so as avoid fugitive emissions. A tree plantation in 2 to 3 rows is developed on

either sides of the roads.

• Water spraying practice should be continued at loading and unloading points and solid storage yards.

• All the roads in the vicinity of the factory used for transportation of raw material and products will be asphalted and these shall

be maintained in good condition. Trees shall be planted on either side of the road.

11.2.3 NOISE ENVIRONMENT



Some units in the plant have noisy operations such as boiler fans, steam turbine, and D.G. sets. The exposure of workers to the noise

of high level will be reduced with appropriate measures. Noise from major equipments will be within 80 dB(A) at 1 m from source and

at 1.2 m height. The predominant noise levels will be confined to the work zones in the plant. Various measures proposed to reduce

the noise pollution includes, reduction of noise at source and provision of acoustic lagging for equipment. Necessary measures as

indicated below are taken to reduce the sound intensity below the allowable limits at the source itself in the industry. In general at the

locations of turbines, compressors, fans etc, the sound intensity generally exceeds the limit. The workers engaged in such locations are

provided with earmuffs to have additional safety against noise nuisance.

• Shock absorbing techniques are adopted to reduce noise level at machinery generating high noise.

• Acoustical walls and roofs are provided to buildings where such machineries are installed.

• Proper maintenance of machineries especially oiling and greasing of bearing and gears etc.

• Use of personnel protective to persons working in such locations.

• Plantation of green trees around the factory building and premises to control the intensity of noise to the surrounding area.

• Effective equipment maintenance like periodic lubrication, replacement of bearings and de-dusting

will be practiced.

• It should be enforced on the workers to use earplugs in high noise areas. Noise exposure to workers will

not be allowed to exceed 70 dB (A) for 8hr shifts.

With above noise abatement measures the noise level in the premise will be maintained with the desired limits. Further, noise level will be monitored to confirm the ambient noise level to the standards of industrial area and noise level outside project premise to the standards of residential areas.

11.2.4 SOLID WASTE

Molasses, press mud are the main solid materials used in the industry. The measures adopted for safe storage and handling of these solid products is presented below:



• Molasses will be stored in top covered M. S. tank. Dyke wall shall be constructed to hold the tank contents in case of leakage.

• Ash storage yard is constructed with seepage free flooring. Garland gutters are provided around the yard to prevent entry and exit of storm water from the premise.

• Green belt of 4-6 m is maintained all around the ash and fuel storage yards.

• Boiler ash contains plant nutrients such as potash and phosphate. This is supplied to the farmers for its use in cultivation of sugar cane and other corps.

• The soil qualities of lands, utilizing boiler ash as manure are periodically monitored.

11.2.5 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT

All hazardous wastes is handled and disposed off strictly in accordance with Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules,

2003 and as amended. Spent lubrication oil is the hazardous solid waste from the distillery and this is small in quantity (200 kg/yr).

This is disposed to authorized re-processors or mixed with bio-mass and burnt in the boiler.

11.2.6 GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT

Development of greenbelt in and around industrial activity is an effective was to check pollutants and

their dispersion in to surrounding areas. Plants act as natural sink for variety of air pollutants. These can help

can reduce the pollutant level in the air environment. The degree of pollution attenuation by a green belt

depends on its height and width, foliage surface area, density, dry deposition, velocity of pollutants and the

average wind speed through the green belt. The main objective of green belt around the factory is:

• Mitigation of impacts due to fugitive emissions

• Attenuation of noise levels

• Ecological restoration



• Improvement in aesthetic environment quality

• Waste water reuse and re-cycling.

• Soil erosion prevention

Keeping in view of the soil and water quality available in and around the project site and the topography of land, following species are

considered for green belt development.

i. CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF SPECIES FOR GREEN BELT

• Rapid growth and evergreen type of species.

• Tolerance to water stress and extreme climatic conditions.

• Difference in height and growth habits

• Aesthetic and pleasing appearance

• Large bio-mass to provide fodder and fuel

• Ability to efficiently fixing carbon and nitrogen.

• Improving waste land

• To suit specific climate and soil characteristics.

• Sustainability with minimum maintenance.

The degree of pollution attenuation by a green belt depends on its height and width, foliage surface area, density, dry deposition, velocity of pollutants and the average wind speed through the green belt. Plant species recommended by CPCB and as suited to the local environment will be used in green belt and greenery development.



ii. SELECTION OF SPECIES

Avenue plantation should include following species

Tamarindus indica

The species for plantation have been selected on the basis of soil quality, place of plantation, chance of survival, growth rate, timber value etc. The area wise distribution of species proposed are as follows: a. Road side plantation

Albezzia lebbeck Azadirachta indica

Albezzia Odoratissima Delonix regia Lencaena Lencocephala Acacia nilotica Cassia Siamea

b. Around various shops

As there, will be limited space (in height) due to various overhead pipelines. Therefore, small and medium sized species are suggested

and they should be planted depending on the vertical height available for plant growth.

Small species

Dodonia viscose

Cocoloba

Prosopis Juliflora

Cassia auriculata

Medium size species

Prosopis cineraria

Erythroxylum monogynum

Cassa fistula

Acacia Arabica



Loacaenalencocephala

Cassia alata

c. Around office and other buildings

Species suggested for plantiaion around office and other buildings are listed below.

Cassia siamea

Ailanthus excesia

Albezzia amera

Albezzia lebbeck

Cassis fistula

Cassis Javanica

Erythrina indica

Lagrestroemia flosreginea

Peltophorum feruginium

Delonix regia

iii. SPECIFIC LOCATIONS OF PLANTATIONS

The areas which need special attention regarding greenbelt development are: • Along road side

• Around various shops and solid storage yards

• Around the periphery of premises

The width of green belts and type of plant species to be developed in the premise includes the following.

• 20 m width green belt all along the periphery of the site

• 10 m width green belt all along the border of solid storage yards including fuel and ash.



• Tree plantation on both sides of interior roads in the premise.

• Lawn with aesthetic plants around shops and other buildings.

Open industrial land area is covered with plantation. An average of about 1000 plants will be maintained per hectare of the greenery

area. 12 acres of project site is already covered with green belt and this amounts to about 33 % of the total site area. The project

proponents have planted nearly 1500 samplings in the last two years. Additional pplantation program is in progress to cover all vacant

areas in the premises including plantation in the proposed plant premises, along the internal and external roads and also along the

factory buildings.

The plantation is watered regularly. Wherever possible, treated wastewater is used. Regular monitoring of the plants is carried out to

record mortality rate, growth rate, overall appearance, symptoms of disease, etc.

11.2.7 RAIN HARVESTING AND STORM WATER MANAGEMENT

Large quantity of storm water is generated during rainy days. Rain water collection and harvesting plan will be implemented to

conserve the water resources and to improve the underground water table. The project site area is segregated into different premises

for effective management of storm water. Strom water gutters are designed and constructed based on contour data of the premise and

rainfall data of the region. The project site area of 19 Ha is segregated into different premises such as fuel storage yard, manufacturing

plant area, lawn and green belt area for effective management of storm water. Necessary measures shall be taken to control the quality

of the storm water.

11.2.8 INDUSTRIAL HAZARDS AND SAFETY

1. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION

Safety Audit will be conducted by qualified technical personnel to study the installation and activities of

the industry and to suggest measures to protect personnel and property against the risks. The areas of possible

hazardous incident are given for follow up action:



i. Fire in fuel/bio-mass storage yard, alcohol storage tanks and diesel storage tanks.

ii. Electric Short circuit and consequent fire accident.

iii. Any likely sort of explosion in Boiler area

iv. Puncture of Boiler tubes.

v. Bursting of pipeline joints.

vi. Fall from high level structures

i. Fire In Fuel/Bio-mass Storage Yard

This may occur on account of external cause. The bio-massch fire since it contains lot of fibre and it may

spread slowly because of the high moisture content.

ii. short circuit and consequent fire accident

The electrical short circuit may happen in any of the plant area due to poor insulation of the equipments.

iii. Explosion Hazard

Explosion is expected due to bursting of high pressure equipments like boiler, turbine and pipe lines.

involved The water required for Boiler is pumped and transferred to the boiler by using high-pressure pumps.

Also the high-pressure steam generated in the boiler is sent to the turbine through the pipeline. This pipeline

will have flanged joints, with sandwich gaskets in between for better sealing. At times, due to water hammering

this gasket fails and leads to bursting of the flange joint.



2. SAFETY MEASURES

Safety measures as indicated below are provided in the existing plant to avoid hazards and to provide safety to the plant from any

eventualities. During expansion of the plant, additional safety measures will be implemented as per the guide lines.The safety facilities

to be provided in the industry are given below.

3. FIRE FIGHTING FACILITIES

i.

Water Hydrant System

Fire hydrant system with hose pipe of 7 kg/cm2 pressure with hydrants are located at in bio-mass yard,

distillery house, ethanol storage area

• A jockey pump and accessories. 40 m3/hr at 70 head

• Corrosion protected M.S. underground piping 150 mm dia. and 100 mm and around the plant as closed

lap

• nos. single headed hydrants distributed around the plant at about 30 m spacing to supply pressurized

water for fire fighting.

• 10nos. m. s. hydrant nose cabinet adjacent to each cabinet.

ii. Fire Extinguishers

Fire extinguishers Foam water : 2 each at main office and store.

CO2 type : 6 nos. one each at departmental office.



DCP type : 8 nos. each at distillery plant and power plant.

Sand buckets : At different locations

iii. Fire Protective Appliances

Three sets of fire safety appliances each consisting of fire mask (6), face shield (6), fire gloves (12) fire

helmet (12), safety belts (6), located at store, power plant and distillery plant, respectively.

iv. Fire Brigade

Fire brigade facilities available at Mundargi and Gadag shall be utilized whenever need arises.

4. SAFETY APPLIANCES AND FACILITY

These facilities listed below are kept at administrative building/stores building and are under the control

of emergency Co-ordinator

• First AID medical units one unit of each department, 4 units at store and 4 units at ECR

• Safety belts

• Ear muffs, masks against dusts, aprons against chemical spillage.

• Shock proof gloves and mats.

• Leather / Asbestos Aprons.



• Safety items of shoes, gum shoes, hand gloves, helmets, goggles.

•

• Face masks & gas masks (against SO2 gas).

Safety ladder.

• Leather gloves.

• Breathing apparatus.

• Stretchers and oxygen cylinder.

• Flame proof battery and lighting.

• Ambulance at Bannur and Mandya.

• Emergency lighting facilities,

• Air life line for working in vessels and tanks.

5. EMERGENCY TRANSPORT VEHICLE

One vehicle along with driver is always made available at the factory premise for emergency needs.

6, AMBULANCE

Ambulance facilities are available at general hospitals of Gulbarga and factory site will be made whenever

necessary.



11.2.9 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH CARE

Safety officer will be appointed in the industry. He will co-ordinate and manage occupational health

management. A medical facility with qualified doctor and clinical facilities will be created in the industry to meet

the factory and residential colony requirement of the health services. Higher medical services shall be availed

from the hospitals present in Bannur and Mysore. Health care aspects to be practiced in the industry are

indicated bellow.

1. Plant Operation

• Regular inspection and maintenance of pollution control plants

• Regular cleaning of dusts from floor, roads and other lplaces.

• Heat insulation of hot surfaces

• Wherever necessary, personnel protective appliances will be used by the workers.

2. Clean Technology

Measures for Clean Technology are given below for improvement of performance of industry towards production, energy and

environment. Good house keeping is practiced in the industry. Prime importance is given for safety and occupational health. Energy

audit is also under implementation. An effective monitoring programme as discussed in Chapter-!0 followed in the industry.

3. Life Cycle Assessment Study (LCA)

As specified by MOEF, the life cycle assessment study will be conducted



4. Medical Facilities

Shree Renuka Sugars limited has a occupation health center to provide following medical services to the employees

• Health and safety related displays will be exhibited at srategic locations in the industry.

• Workers are educated workers on health, hygiene and safety and trained in occupational health safety.

• Regular health check up of the workers will be carried out and health records of individual workers in

form No.16 as per factory Act will be maintained.

• General treatment and advice to the employee.

• Maintenance of Medicines.

• Spirometry, Pulse-oxyeometry, X-rays and other routine and specific tests will be conducted and

submitted to authorities.

• First aid facilities will be provided at different locations. Further first aiders will be trained from refuted

training institute.

• Workers are trained to assist emergency management in case of any such incidences

• House keeping in the industry and sanitation in utility rooms, canteen. Rest rooms and other places will

be given top priority.

• House Keeping Training will be imparted to 10 workers and 5 supervisors from refuted management

institute.



11.2.10 MOEF GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR DISTILLERY UNITS

The industry has committed to take all the necessary steps to implement the recommendations indicated in the guide lines issued by

MOEF and CPCB with respect to the treatment and disposal of spent wash, construction of spent wash lagoon and the quantity of

spent wash generation from the distillery. The compliances to the guidelines are given below.

1. The quantity of spent wash generated from the distillery will be less than 8 litres per litre of RS.

2. Spent wash storage lagoon will be suitably constructed and internally lined to avoid seepage in the ground.

3. Spent wash will be concentrated and incinerated to achieve its zero discharge.

11.2.11 SOCIO DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES

The industry has proposed to take up socio-developmental activities such as:

• Contribution for arrangement of mass marriages

• Road improvement in the region.

• Contribution for sports development

• Contribution to primary education

• Health care services to villagers

• Contribution for drinking water facility in the area

CHAPTER - 12



12.0.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

The proposed project involves utilization of natural resources and generation of waste and polluting substances. Depletion of natural

resources will affect the competitive users. The waste and polluting materials if discharged with out control and treatment is likely to

have adverse consequence to the environment parameters including water, air, soil, flora and fauna. Further, it may exert stress to the

existing infrastructural and other facilities and also to the existing socio economic status of the region. It is the responsibility of the

industries to control the utilization of resources and discharges of waste products by adopting suitable control measures in the factory

to avoid harm to the environment. Measures have also to be taken to avoid stress on existing environment. The industry should also

implement programme to enhance the quality of the existing environment. Environmental department and environmental cells shall be

created in the industry to effectively manage and control the adverse consequence of industrial activities on the environment.

12.1.0 ENVIRONMENTAL CELL

Structure of Environmental Cell

Environmental cell is constituted in the industry for effective management of environmental protection and pollution control. It

consists of following members drawn out of the factory senior staff.

Environmental Cell Factory staff i. Chairman Managing Director ii. Conveyor Environmental Engineer iii. Members Chief Engineer, Chief Chemist, Civil

Engineer Cane Development officer

AIM

The main aim of environmental cell is to plan, implement and monitor the measures related to:

i. Pollution control and Environmental protection

ii. Sustainable development through Cleaner Technology

iii. Conservation of natural resources

iv. Statutory provisions



ACTIVITIES

i. Collection of information regarding

Industrial activities causing adverse impacts on environment

Generation of waste substances including liquid, gaseous and solid from the factory and their adverse effects to environment.

Measures to prevent or reduce the wastes at the source it self in the factory

Pollution control measures to avoid the adverse impact of industrial activities on environment.

ii. Financial provisions for installation of pollution control and environmental protection facilities

iii. To provide staff and labour for management of environment and also for the operation and maintenance of pollution control

facilities and self monitor system.

iv. Monitoring the programme of

Performance of environmental department.

Monitor the implementation of various acts and rules related to Environmental acts.

Storm water management and rain water harvesting.

Green belt and greenery development in the premises

AIM

12.2.0 ENVIRONMENTAL DEPARTMENT:

Environmental department will be formed under environmental engineer to implement the activities of environmental management

plan. It has overall responsibility of environmental protection and pollution control, including the maintenance of pollution control

facilities, laboratories, self monitoring and also to maintain statutory records.



STRUCTURE

The Environmental department consists of the following personnel

Environmental engineer - 1 No., B.E. in environmental Laboratory chemists - 4 Nos, B.Sc. / M.Sc. ETP operators - 4 Nos, B.Sc. / Diploma ETP workers - 4 Nos, S.S.L.C.

12.3.0 RECORDS TO BE MAINTAINED

Following records will be maintained by the environmental department in respect of operation of pollution control facilities

Log sheet for operating ETP for waste water

Log Sheet for Operation of A.P.C plant

Instruction manual for operation and maintenance of ETP, APC, etc,

Log sheets for self monitoring of ETP& APC etc .

Manual for monitoring of Air, Water and soil for Ambient conditions

Instruction manual for monitoring of water, solid and gaseous parameters discharged from the factory, and also for

various parameters of pollution control facilities.

Statutory records as per the Environmental Acts.

Monthly and annual progress reports.

12.4.0 BUDGET FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN



Amount, Rs. lakhs Sl. No. Particulars Sugar Unit Distillery Unit

Capital Investment 1 Air pollution control facilities 200 25 2 Waste water treatment facilities 75 10 Incineration boiler --- 800 Evaporator --- 7003 Laboratory and Monitoring facilities 10 10 4 Others (Greenery development etc.). 10 10 Total 295 1105 Annual Recurring Cost for Operation And Maintenance 1 Air Pollution Control 10 30 2 Water pollution Control 20 20 Total 30 50



CHAPTER - 13

13.0.0 PROJECT BENEFITS

1. The importance and utility of sugar in the domestic market as a food commodity and alcohol is well

known as an industrial raw material for manufacture of a variety of organic chemicals including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics,

polymers etc. This is partly due to high costs of products produced through petroleum route consequent to the phenomenal

increase in petroleum price.

2. Alcohol is a potential fuel in the form of power alcohol when blended with petrol. In presence of ethanol

petrol burns with more efficiency and low toxic smoke. A large demand is anticipated for alcohol as a fuel.

3. Petroleum is scarce, non-renewable and environmentally harmful product. On the contrary alcohol is an

eco-friendly product and it is a substitute to the imported petroleum. Alcohol is produced from molasses which is a by-product

of the sugar industry. Alcohol is produced from renewable source.

4. Alcohol being used in beverages is a potential source of revenue to the government.

5. The proposed agro based distillery has national priority to overcome the shortage of energy and to save

foreign exchange.

6. With enhancement in sugar cane cultivation the production of molasses from the sugar industry has

greatly increased. The sugar industries are facing the problem for storage and disposal of molasses. It is necessary to create

additional capacity for utilization of molasses. This will enable sugar factories to give better prices to the farmers supplying

sugar cane. Sugar industry can generate direct and indirect employment to more than twenty five thousand families in the

backward region of the state.



7. The industry is established in the backward region of the state. The presence of the industry helps to

develop road and transportation facilities in the region. The industry on expansion will provide direct and indirect employment

to more than 1000 local rural persons.

8. The plant nutrients present in spent wash are recovered in boiler ash. These products are rich in micro

and other nutrients and therefore useful to the farmers to enhance the nutrient values of the soil.

9. Both sugar unit and distillery units are complimentary to each other in the development of the industrial

activity in the region. The captive co-generation plant can supply excess power to the local grid and stabilize the power supply

in the region. This may develop growth of agriculture and industrial activities in the region increasing the socio-economic status

of the farmers.



CHAPTER - 14

14.0.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

Shree Renuka Sugars Limited is a professionally managed agro-based company. They have established and successfully running a

sugar unit of 4000 TCD capacity at Havalga Village, Afzalpur Taluk of Gulbarga district in Karnataka State. They have proposed to

establish expansion of sugar unit from 4000 TCD to 10000 TCD and power plant from 6 MW to 31.5 MW along with a new distillery

plant of 300 KLPD in the same premise. Based on the EIA studies the following conclusions are drawn.

The industry is located in the rural backward region of the state. The site is Ghattarga about 4 km distance from the nearest village

and 4 km from water body. There are no sensitive locations with in 25 km from the site except the river Bhima which is at 4 km from



the site. The site and surrounding is dry land with no or poor cultivation. No forest or greenery of any worth in the region. The

existing industry possesses a total of about 58.38 hectares land area which is sufficient for the present and proposed activities. The

expansion is proposed in the existing sugar unit premises.

1. As a substitute to petroleum alcohol is used as fuel in automobiles and as raw material for many

chemical products. Petroleum is scarce, costly and Nonecofriendly. It is widely used as ingredient in

beverages and thereby a source of revenue to the Government. Alcohol is produced from molasses which

is the by-product of the sugar industry. It is therefore a product of renewable source. The proposed agro

based distillery has national priority to overcome the shortage of energy and to save foreign exchange.

2. With enhancement in sugar cane cultivation the production of molasses from the sugar industry has

greatly increased. The sugar industries are facing the problem for storage and disposal of molasses. It is

necessary to create additional capacity for utilization of molasses. This will enable sugar factories to give

better prices to the farmers supplying sugar cane.

3. Water conservation measures such as re-boiler to analyzer column, reuse of lees water for dilution of

molasses, modification of cooling water system are introduced in the proposed 300 KLPD distillery plant.

Thereby, the fresh water utilization and spent wash generation are reduced to 325 KLD, 450 KLD,

respectively.

4. After expanding sugar unit and establishing of distillery, the total requirement of molasses will be 1200

T/d. This is available in adequate quantities from the captive sugar mills of the same management. Total

requirement of water to the distillery, 325 KLD during season and 2000 KLD during off season which will

be met from BHIMA River.

5. The distillery is associated with co-gen power plant and therefore the total requirement of electric power

will be met from captive source. The excess power generated will be distributed to KPTCL grid which

stabilizes the power supply in the region.



6. Flue gases will be generated from the existing 35.0 T/hr (2nos) and the proposed 100.0 T/hr boiler and

incineration boiler. Bagasse, Rice husk, spent wash concentrated along with coal as supporting fuel are

used as fuel in the boilers. During the shortage of rice husk, the boiler will be operated on coal. The

boilers are provided with air pollution control equipments such as ESP/Wet scrubber . The height of

chimney will be sufficient to achieve the ground level concentration of pollutants with in the permissible

limits. Hence, the ambient air quality will not be significantly affected by the proposed gaseous emissions

from the sugar industry and distillery.

7. Boiler ash and yeast sludge are solid wastes produced from the distillery. Yeast sludge is dried and then

mixed with press mud the same is used as manure. Boiler ash is disposed to farmers as soil nutrient or

soil conditioner to farmers.

8. The concept of Reduce, Recycle and Reuse is practiced in the industry. This has resulted in reducing the

effluent discharge to the Environment. As the industry practices concentration, incineration technology

the entire spent wash generated is incinerated after concentrating. Therefore industry is considered as

zero discharge system. The soil nutrients present in spent wash are recovered in boiler ash. This

product is rich in micro and other nutrients and therefore useful to the farmers to enhance the nutrient

values of the soil. The sugar plant waste water treated in the ETP confirms the CPCB guidelines to apply

on land for irrigation.

9. This industry does not produce any toxic products and does not have significant adverse effect on the

quality of land, water and air. The industry has taken all the necessary preventive measures to mitigate

even the small effects which may be caused by industrial activities. Therefore, the proposed industry will

not have adverse effect on the environment or the eco system.

10. The industry adopted an effective environment management system and environment management plan

to protect the environment. The management has incorporated health care and safety management

schemes in the industry. Due priority will be given for green belt and greenery development within the

factory premises. The industry has proposed to provide storm water storage tanks.



11. There are no protected forests, sanctuary, archeological important structures or other sensitive locations

in the vicinity of the factory except the Bhima River.

12. The industry on expansion will provide direct and indirect employment to more than 1000 local rural

persons. With the industry, the road, communication and related facilities in the region will also improve.

13. Based on EIA report along with the suggested measures for pollution control and monitoring plan, the

authorities can take favorable decision to accord environmental clearance for the proposed expansion of

sugar unit along with co-generation and distillery.

BACKGROUND OF CONSULTANTS

EIA study was performed by M/s. Environmental Science and Technology Study Centre, BIET, Davangere. The

Centre has all the necessary facilities including technical staff and laboratory to carry out EIA studies.

The agency has collected all the relevant and necessary data, pertaining to location, industrial process, base line environmental

conditions and socio-economic factors. The various data were assessed by scientific methods and report was prepared with due

recommendations and conclusions.

The Centre has been recognized by

1. Central Pollution Control Boards, New Delhi, as per the Environmental (protection) act 1986.



2. National River Conservation Directorate New Delhi, for their monitoring assignments.

3. Karnataka State Pollution Control Board, Bangalore, for their monitoring work. Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Govt. of

Karnataka for air and water quality studies.

4. Public Health Engineering Department for Ground water quality monitoring.

5. Govt. of Karnataka for their Research and Development and other project assignment from Ministry of Ecology and

Environment.

6. Kuvempu University and Visveswariah Technological University to undertake the intensive research and developmental works

in the area of Environmental Science & Technology and allied area.

Bapuji Educational Association (R)

Bapuji Institute of Engineering & Technology Davangere – 577 004

Report Prepared By



Principal and Advisor Dr. B. T. Achyutha

Technical Adviser Dr. S. Manjappa,

Prof & Head, Dept of Chemistry/ESTSC

Dr. S. S. Hotanahalli,

Rtd. Prof. in Chemical Engineering

Co-ordinator Dr. H. B. Aravinda,

Professor & Head, Dept of Civil Engineering

Dr. G. P. Desai,

Sr. Lecturer, Dept. of Chemical engineering

Dr. S. Suresh,

Sr. Grade Lecturer. Dept of Civil Engineering

Technical Assistant Sri. B. Suresh,

Sri. K. B. Mahesh,

Interact with industry persons

President Sri. S. M. Kaluti

General Manager Sri. D. M. Raskar

Manager Sri. Abhay Agarwal

Sri. Neharu



Enclosure - 1 Lay out plan of the proposed expanded 300 KLD distillery plant



Enclosure – 2A IMD data from Gulbarga CLIMATOLOGICAL TABLE Station Gulbarga Latitude 17"23' N Longitude 76" 51'E MSL: 450m Based on observation from 1951 to 1980

Month Level TEMPERATURE HUMIDITY CLOUD AMOUNT RAINFALL MEAN

Pressure Daily

max Daily min

Highest in the month

Lowest in the month

Relative humidity

Vapour pressure All clouds Low

clouds Monthly

total

No of rainy date

Total wettest month with

year

WIND SPEED

h.Pr OC OC OC OC % h.Pr O kms of sky mm mm Kms JAN 56 I 963.6 30.5 16.0 32.5 11.8 13.1 2.0 0.6 6.0 0.3 131.6 8.0

II 959.6 28 11.2 2.5 1.0 1967 FEB 0 I 952.2 33.6 18.6 36.4 15.0 43 12. 1.7 0.5 5.0 0.3 89.9 8.4

II 957.9 21 10.3 2.5 1.1 1929 MAR I 960.7 37.1 22.0 39.6 17.8 36 2.5 1.6 0.5 9.5 0.5 78.4 8.9

II 956.0 18 10.0 3.4 1.8 1960 APR I 958.5 39.3 25.1 41.7 21.2 41 16.7 2.8 1.0 20.3 1.9 147.8 8.9

II 953.5 21 13.1 5.2 3.1 1907 MAY 42.8 I 956.1 39.8 26.0 22.1 49 19.6 3.9 1.4 54.4 2.9 242.1 12.7

II 951.1 25 14.8 5.9 3.6 1952 JUN I 954.4 35.0 23.7 39.8 21.3 72 24.3 6.5 3.6 111.7 7.0 276.9 17.3

II 950.3 48 21.4 7.0 5.0 1943 JULY I 954.1 31.4 22.5 35.1 21.0 82 25.2 7.4 5.3 155.9 10.2 501.3 17.7

II 950.6 61 23.9 7.4 5.5 1956 AUG 16.1 I 955.1 30.8 22.1 34.0 20.7 83 24.8 7.2 4.9 157.0 8.9 531.6

II 951.5 62 23.8 7.3 5.1 1976 SEPT I 957.1 31.3 22.1 34.4 20 80 24.5 6.3 3.6 204.7 9.6 535.8 11.3

II 953.1 59 23.1 6.8 4.4 1964 OCT I 959.1 31.9 21.1 34.5 17.2 69 21.5 4.5 1.9 85.7 4.8 275.3 9.1



II 956.1 48 18.9 5.5 3.0 1893 NOV I 962.7 30.6 18 32.7 13.8 60 16.7 3.4 1.3 21.8 1.3 223.8 8.7

II 958.8 38 14.5 4.0 1.8 1948 DEC I 954.1 29.6 15.5 31.6 11.7 58 13.8 2.6 0.7 6.5 0.3 121.4 8.4

II 960.1 32 12.1 3.3 1.1 1962 959.0 33.4 21.1 42.9 10.7 61.0 18.7 4.2 2.1 847.3 48.0 1431.8 11.3

Enclosure – 2B IMD data from Gulbarga CLIMATOLOGICAL TABLE

Station Gulbarga Latitude 17" 23' N Longitude 76" 51'E MSL 458m Based on observations from 1951 to 1980 WIND CLOUD

No of DAYS WITH PERCENTAGE No of DAYS WIND FROM No of DAYS WITH CLOUD No.OF DAYS WITH LOW Month WIND SPEED CA AMOUNT (ALL CLOUDS OKTAS CLOUD AMOUNT OKTAS FOG

62 or more 20-61 19-1 0 N NE E SE S Sw W NW LM 0 T-2 3-5/ 6 -7 8/ 0 T-2 3./ 5 6 -7 8/ 8

JAN I 0 0 21 10 4 21 23 9 6 2 0 0 25 16 5 5 3 2 25 3 2 0 1 0 II 0 1 27 3 2 10 44 16 9 5 4 1 9 12 6 8 4 1 19 7 5 0 0 0

FEB I 0 0 19 9 8 20 22 10 7 2 2 2 27 15 4 5 2 2 23 3 2 0 0 0 II 0 2 24 2 7 12 28 17 9 9 8 3 7 11 5 8 3 1 17 7 4 0 0 0

MAR I 0 1 23 7 12 17 18 10 10 0 0 0 5 4 6 18 19 4 4 2 2 27 2 2 II 6 1 0 2 27 2 7 9 26 15 11 10 10 5 7 9 3 11 2 12 9 9 0 0

APR I 0 1 5 24 14 10 14 8 15 7 4 4 1 0 9 11 12 7 8 - 4 19 5 1 II 0 3 25 2 12 10 24 1 14 10 9 8 7 6 3 11 9 6 3 9 14 3 1 0

MAY I 2 6 1 2 0 28 1 8 5 5 3 6 9 38 22 4 6 7 6 6 19 5 4 0 II 4 0 26 3 12 8 5 5 1 8 11 10 6 16 1 13 7 9 26 15 1 3 5 0

JUN 17 I 0 4 26 0 1 0 0 0 4 24 57 12 2 1 2 5 5 8 5 7 3 7 0 II 0 4 7 22 1 5 3 2 1 4 26 51 8 0 1 0 4 8 17 0 3 8 5 0

JULY I 6 2 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 3 34 58 3 2 0 2 5 22 2 4 9 5 11 0 II 0 3 20 7 0 10 21 2 1 1 0 64 8 1 0 0 2 22 0 1 13 10 7 0

AUG I 26 0 1 4 9 0 3 27 1 1 0 1 0 2 62 7 1 3 6 21 4 9 5 0 II 0 6 24 1 3 1 1 0 2 14 65 12 2 0 0 3 8 20 0 3 14 9 5 0

SEPT I 6 0 1 26 3 7 5 4 1 2 13 41 19 8 1 2 6 15 6 6 6 4 6 0 II 0 4 25 1 8 9 7 2 3 9 10 17 5 1 0 5 8 16 1 5 13 8 3 0

OCT I 5 0 0 23 8 8 22 24 4 2 4 9 8 19 6 6 6 8 15 6 5 2 3 0 II 0 3 26 2 12 31 29 4 2 3 8 5 6 2 2 9 9 9 5 9 11 1 2 0

NOV I 5 0 1 24 5 6 30 43 4 1 0 0 0 16 8 6 6 5 21 4 3 1 1 0



1 6 34 50 II 0 2 27 3 1 1 1 1 3 6 4 8 6 6 15 7 5 2 1 0DEC 7 4 I 0 1 23 3 31 42 2 0 0 0 18 13 6 5 3 4 24 3 2 1 1 0

II 4 0 1 27 3 3 24 52 8 4 1 1 1 6 9 5 9 5 3 20 6 1 0 0 0 7 20 289 56 6 13 17 5 5 11 24 12 95 48 51 53 108 193 50 57 23 42 0

0 45 301 19 7 13 23 7 5 10 24 7 4 53 29 65 84 113 95 72 122 51 25 0 25 30 30 30

25 30 30 30



Enclosure – 3A Ambient air quality

(All values are 24 hr average) Monitoring period from 26th November 2006 to 25th February 2007

Station A1 Station A2

Sampling date SPM µg/m3

RSPM µg/m3

SO2

µg/m3NOx

µg/m3SPM

µg/m3RSPM µg/m3

SO2

µg/m3NOx

µg/m3

16.11.2006 88.6 36.6 12.9 18.6 89.6 30.2 10.3 14.6

20.11.2006 112.5 38.2 15.4 17.9 86.2 32.4 9.2 13.8

23.11.2006 96.6 39.1 11.6 16.3 89.4 29.4 10.3 15.4

27.11.2006 87.0 38.2 12.8 14.8 86.2 32.8 7.3 13.7

02.12.2006 118.2 44.6 13.5 15.1 72.3 29.4 9.4 11.2

06.12.2006 102.3 42.2 14.9 9.6 57.4 25.3 10.2 15.4

09.12.2006 104.2 40.2 15.7 9.9 59.8 27.3 8.2 12.7

13.12.2006 99.2 38.5 16.1 22.6 68.2 28.9 10.1 10.6

16.12.2006 132.0 43.0 12.3 22.9 74.6 32.4 12.8 9.6

20.12.2006 91.6 36.1 10.4 21.1 67.9 29.4 12.9 13

23.12.2006 97.3 38.1 10.7 13.8 68.7 24.3 13.4 16.1

27.12.2006 107.2 42.9 9.6 14.9 76.9 32.1 10.6 14.3

30.12.2006 111.0 46.2 10.9 16.5 66.1 21.6 12.5 12.9

03.01.2007 119.6 62.1 48.0 11.0 22.1 26.4 11.9 14.7

06.01.2007 116.4 46.9 12.8 12.7 22.9 74.9 35.4 11.6

10.01.2007 98.0 75.3 31.0 15.6 19.4 34.2 11.6 13.4

13.01.2007 88.0 38.2 10.1 20.3 69.1 29.1 10.7 13.5

17.01.2007 99.3 39.7 12.5 21.0 52.8 24.3 9.8 15.9

20.01.2007 107.6 33.1 11.9 20.1 48.9 23.1 8.7 11.6

24.01.2007 115.9 40.3 15.8 9.6 106.2 49.2 8.2 12.7

27.01.2007 103.7 43.7 12.2 18.2 112.6 58.2 10.4 15.8

01.02.2007 118.9 44.5 14.0 16.2 94.6 39.2 9.5 13.6

04.02.2007 100.0 39.4 16.3 14.8 97.3 37.4 10.2 15.9

08.02.2007 89.6 .30.9 10.7 10.9 64.2 26.7 8.8 11.9

11.02.2007 99.8 32.0 11.8 10.8 84.6 31.2 9.6 10.4

15.02.2007 120.0 36.2 10.8 11.6 69.4 29.1 10.2 13.7 NAAQS Rural & Residential 200 100 80 80 200 100 80 80

Note: A1 Plant site A2 Havalaga



Enclosure – 3B Ambient air quality



Sampling date SPM µg/m3µg/m3

RSPM µg/m3

SO2

µg/m3NOx

µg/m3SPM RSPM

µg/m3SO2

µg/m3NOx

µg/m3

17.11.2006 99.4 32.6 12.3 14.2 90.4 32.9 13.6 15.2

21.11.2006 102.3 38.4 10.5 12.9 89.6 39.4 12.6 16.4

24.11.2006 98.6 32.6 11.3 14.2 95.4 38.4 10.6 14.9

28.11.2006 92.8 43.6 10.7 12.9 86.4 42.6 11.0 15.8

03.12.2006 86.6 38.7 11.2 12.6 81.6 41.3 10.7 12.6

07.12.2006 85.2 45.7 8.5 11.6 83.6 38.2 14.1 15.7

10.12.2006 93.6 39.0 9.6 15.4 80.6 32.1 11.6 19.3

14.12.2006 88.2 43.4 12.8 12.7 88.4 38.3 12.6 15.2

17.12.2006 94.8 40.6 10.4 10.4 66.6 26.1 10.7 18.2

21.12.2006 107.6 16.1 45.5 8.6 12.6 64.3 27.2 11.7

24.12.2006 99.6 42.6 9.8 14.8 67.2 28.4 14.6 10.3

28.12.2006 95.4 42.6 11.3 10.9 75.3 29.4 13.5 16.2

31.12.2006 102.4 46.1 9.6 13.2 71.2 26.8 15.1 12.8

04.01.2007 116.2 41.5 12.4 16.1 68.2 29.4 14.2 15.4

07.01.2007 90.6 48.5 14.1 13.8 73.6 28.6 12.6 14.2

11.01.2007 107.1 41.6 11.6 15.0 70.2 35.6 15.4 12.8

14.01.2007 118.4 47.6 13.2 15.6 98.2 42.3 15.3 12.6

18.01.2007 110.7 59.2 14.7 14.1 99.4 40.2 14.6 12.8

21.01.2007 95.6 51.6 12.8 12.8 75.6 29.3 12.8 12.7

25.01.2007 114.2 44.7 10.1 15.7 104.6 51.2 14.2 11.9

28.01.2007 124.3 50.1 13.4 13.8 103.7 52.4 12.6 15.1

02.02.2007 119.7 59.2 12.6 17.4 97.3 38.4 11.2 14.7

05.02.2007 97.6 51.6 15.6 14.8 75.6 29.4 10.2 12.6

09.02.2007 106.9 52.5 14.1 14.2 91.4 34.1 10.5 12.4

12.02.2007 130.4 41.9 12.8 16.7 94.8 38.4 10.3 13.1

16.02.2007 120.8 38.7 15.2 17.0 96.4 36.4 12.7 11.7 NAAQS Rural &

Residential 200 100 80 60 200 100 80 80

Note: A3 Bagalur A4 Hire Havalaga



Enclosure-3C Ambient air quality




RSPM µg/m3

SO2

µg/m3NOx

µg/m3SPM

µg/m3RSPM µg/m3

SO2

µg/m3NOx

µg/m3

18.11.2006 80.2 36.8 20.4 24.6 88.6 31.6 11.9 13.8

22.11.2006 81.3 37.1 22.2 22.9 83.9 32.1 12.4 12.1

25.11.2006 91.4 39.9 12.7 28.7 89.7 30.5 10.6 13.5

01.12.2006 88.0 36.1 19.2 24.6 94.8 42.6 12.6 14.1

04.12.2006 92.6 38.2 18.7 32.1 107.6 47.4 12.9 13.6

08.12.2006 86.6 30.0 16.8 22.1 104.3 54.1 14.1 17.2

11.12.2006 116.1 23.8 17.7 19.7 102.6 52.0 13.9 15.3

15.12.2006 121.2 24.9 16.6 30.5 96.7 42.3 16.3 10.5

18.12.2006 104.6 22.1 19.7 24.1 105.6 41.6 12.2 16.4

22.12.2006 91.8 20.9 16.8 19.4 117.3 51.6 15.3 15.3

25.12.2006 89.1 28.7 16.8 22.7 120.6 41.3 13.1 17.9

29.12.2006 94.3 21.6 17.8 22.4 117.3 48.3 16.2 14.3

01.01.2007 118.2 23.9 19.9 23.4 121.3 52.1 11.6 16.2

05.01.2007 90.8 26.0 22.1 26.7 94.6 53.1 14.3 21.3

08.01.2007 122.7 35.8 21.8 29.9 102.3 48.2 16.2 16.3

12.01.2007 97.6 31.6 20.7 24.8 107.6 41.6 12.6 14.5

15.01.2007 82.1 19.2 26.4 30.8 121.6 44.5 15.2 16.2

19.01.2007 91.3 32.8 16.2 22.8 113.4 53.6 13.4 14.3

22.01.2007 113.0 36.0 16.7 23.1 117.5 46.2 14.2 21.6

26.01.2007 79.4 38.4 21.8 26.7 121.3 61.2 17.6 19.6

29.01.2007 81.2 40.1 16.8 25.9 110.5 53.8 14.2 14.8

03.02.2007 86.1 26.5 19.2 23.7 120.2 61.2 15.6 18.3

06.02.2007 85.2 26.0 16.1 31.8 104.6 56.9 18.2 17.6

10.02.2007 114.3 31.1 17.7 28.4 97.6 43.5 14.9 19.2

13.02.2007 90.1 35.6 18.9 21.6 113.6 51.2 16.8 20.1

17.02.2007 91.6 21.2 17.6 29.1 104.6 61.2 18.2 16.1 NAAQS Rural &

Residential 200 100 80 60 200 100 80 80

Note: A5 Chikkhavalaga A6 Kumasi



Enclosure-3D Ambient air quality




RSPM µg/m3

SO2

µg/m3NOx

µg/m3SPM

µg/m3RSPM µg/m3

SO2

µg/m3NOx

µg/m3

19.11.2006 88.6 31.6 11.9 13.8 99.4 32.6 12.3 14.2

23.11.2006 83.9 32.1 12.4 12.1 102.3 38.4 10.5 12.9

26.11.2006 89.7 30.5 10.6 13.5 98.6 32.6 14.2 11.3

02.11.2006 94.8 42.6 12.6 14.1 92.8 43.6 10.7 12.9

05.12.2006 107.6 47.4 12.9 13.6 86.6 38.7 11.2 12.6

09.12.2006 104.3 54.1 14.1 17.2 85.2 45.7 8.5 11.6

12.12.2006 102.6 52.0 13.9 15.3 93.6 39.0 9.6 15.4

16.12.2006 96.7 42.3 16.3 10.5 88.2 43.4 12.8 12.7

19.12.2006 105.6 41.6 12.2 16.4 94.8 40.6 10.4 10.4

23.12.2006 117.3 51.6 15.3 15.3 107.6 45.5 8.6 12.6

26.12.2006 120.6 41.3 13.1 17.9 99.6 42.6 9.8 14.8

30.12.2006 117.3 48.3 16.2 14.3 95.4 42.6 11.3 10.9

02.01.2007 121.3 52.1 11.6 16.2 102.4 46.1 9.6 13.2

06.01.2007 94.6 53.1 14.3 21.3 116.2 41.5 12.4 16.1

09.01.2007 102.3 48.2 16.2 16.3 90.6 48.5 14.1 13.8

13.01.2007 107.6 41.6 12.6 14.5 107.1 41.6 11.6 15.0

16.01.2007 121.6 44.5 15.2 16.2 118.4 47.6 13.2 15.6

20.01.2007 113.4 53.6 13.4 14.3 110.7 59.2 14.7 14.1

23.01.2007 117.5 46.2 14.2 21.6 95.6 51.6 12.8 12.8

27.01.2007 121.3 61.2 17.6 19.6 114.2 44.7 10.1 15.7

30.01.2007 110.5 53.8 14.2 14.8 124.3 50.1 13.4 13.8

04.02.2007 120.2 61.2 15.6 18.3 119.7 59.2 12.6 17.4

07.02.2007 104.6 56.9 18.2 17.6 97.6 51.6 15.6 14.8

11.02.2007 97.6 43.5 14.9 19.2 106.9 52.5 14.1 14.2

14.02.2007 113.6 51.2 16.8 20.1 130.4 41.9 12.8 16.7

18.02.2007 104.6 61.2 18.2 16.1 120.8 38.7 15.2 17.0 NAAQS Rural &

Residential 200 100 80 60 200 100 80 80

Note: A7 Kollur A8 Narayanpura



Enclosure – 4A Daily Meteorological data

Data Wind speed (km/hr)

Temperature (OC) Relative Humidity (%)

Cloud Amount (Oktas)

November & December 2006 Min Max Mean Dire Min Max Mean Min Max Min Max

23 1.0 13.6 8.3 SE 19 32 24.5 35 82 0 8 24 1.8 13.6 7.96 SE 18 32 23.8 39 90 0 8 25 0.7 10.0 6.62 ESE 18 32 24.5 42 89 1 6 26 1.0 13.6 6.04 ESE 19 36 25.1 28 87 0 1 27 0.7 9.0 5.31 NE 19 32 24.3 26 76 0 0 28 0.7 13.6 6.93 ENE 19 33 25.4 27 82 0 0 29 1.0 14.0 7.70 NE 20 32 25.3 29 85 0 0 30 2.8 13.3 7.70 ENE 19 34 26.6 32 84 0 3 1 1.0 12.2 6.16 ESE 19 32 25.3 35 83 0 1 2 0.7 16.5 7.85 E 19 33 24.9 36 81 1 6 3 1.0 14.0 7.48 WNW 19 33 24.5 41 90 1 4 4 0.0 10.4 5.23 NE 19 33 24.5 36 88 1 4 5 0.7 13.3 6.86 NNE 18 33 24.2 32 86 1 6 6 1.0 13.6 4.79 NE 18 33 24.5 34 82 1 5 7 1.8 15.1 7.6 SE 18 30 24.2 36 80 0 4 8 1.8 13.0 7.4 ESE 18 30 23.5 37 80 0 6 9 0.7 14.4 6.0 SSE 18 29 23.4 37 81 0 8 10 0.0 12.2 5.7 ESE 16 28 23.0 36.5 89 0 6 11 0.7 10.8 4.7 ENE 18 28 23.4 39 81 0 7 12 0.7 10.1 4.6 SE 18 98 23.8 39.5 81 0 3 13 0.0 13.3 7.0 ENE 20 29 23.8 39 81.5 0 3 14 0.0 11.9 5.5 ESE 18 28 23.0 33 81 0 4 15 0.4 8.3 3.4 E 17 28 23.0 42 90 1 3 16 0.7 10.8 4.0 WNW 18 29 23.9 31 81 0 4 17 0.7 6.8 3.4 NNE 17 31 23.9 32 76 0 3 18 0.4 6.5 3.0 NW 19 30 24.2 36 72 0 0 19 0.4 8.3 3.3 NNE 18 28 23.2 32 85.5 0 1 20 1.1 8.6 4.1 WNW 18 31 24.3 28 80 0 3 21 0.7 14.8 3.4 NNW 18 29 23.4 29 76 0 3 22 0.4 6.5 3.3 ESE 17 29 22.9 26 90 0 3



Enclosure – 4B Daily Meteorological data

Data Wind speed (km/hr)

Temperature (OC) Relative Humidity (%)

Cloud Amount (Oktas)

December 2006 & January 2007 Min Max Mean Dire Min Max Mean Min Max Min Max

23 0.7 10.1 4.1 NW 19 28 23.3 38 63 0 4 24 0.7 13.7 8.1 SE 19 28 23.5 38 59 0 6 25 0.4 14.4 9 SE 21 28 23.9 39 86 0 6 26 0.4 12.6 4.4 E 19 28 23.0 45 91 0 4 27 0.4 10.8 4.9 ENE 18 29 23.1 32 90 0 0 28 0.4 13.3 5.0 SE 18 29 23.4 39 85 0 3 29 0.4 10.8 4.4 SE 18 29 23.5 33.5 80.5 0 3 30 0.4 10.8 5.7 ENE 18 28 22.9 36 75.5 0 0 31 0.7 13 7 E 18 28 23.0 39 81.5 0 4 1 0.4 13.3 6.2 ESE 20 28 22.8 39 90.5 0 4 2 0.4 11.9 5.8 SE 19 29 23.7 35 81.5 0 4 3 0.4 12.6 5.2 ENE 20 29 23.8 41.5 76.5 0 4 4 0.4 9 4.5 ESE 19 29 23.6 41.5 81 0 4 5 0.7 12.2 5.6 ENE 20 29 23.8 36 86 0 3 6 0.4 10.1 4.1 ES 18 28 23.0 41.5 76 0 6 7 0.4 11.9 4.8 ENE 18 27 21.7 26 62 0 3 8 0.4 11.5 5.7 ENE 15 22.5 0 27 20.7 60 0 9 0.4 10.8 5.0 15 21.5 0 ENE 28 24 84 0 10 14 6.8 29 79 0.4 ESE 16 22.3 31 0 3 11 10.1 5 SSE 29 22.7 0 1 0.4 17 28.5 68.5 12 0.4 30 24.5 3 14.4 6.5 ESE 17 23.2 84.5 0 13 0.4 7.9 3.7 W 76.5 18 31 24.1 21 0 3 14 0.4 8.3 3.6 SSE 18 32 3 24.3 28.5 76 0 15 0.4 6.5 19 3.7 SSW 32 25.3 27 58.5 0 3 16 0.4 25.5 24 2 10.1 .5.2 ESE 19 32 67 0 17 0.4 SE 20 31 31 78 0 3 13.7 5.9 25.4 18 12.6 5.1 SE 20 0.4 31 25.1 33 73 0 3 19 0.4 15.5 6.2 SE 19 30 24.7 19.5 81 0 2 20 0.4 8.3 4.6 ENE 17 30 23.5 21 61.5 0 2 21 0.4 6.8 3.2 24.1 ENE 18 31 28 73 0 0 22 0.4 7.9 3.9 0 E 17 31 24 28 67.5 0



Enclosure -4C Daily Meteorological data

Temperature (OC) Data Wind speed

(km/hr) Relative Humidity

(%) Cloud Amount

(Oktas)

January & February 2007 Min Max Mean Dire Min Max Mean Min Max Min Max

23 0.4 8.6 3.7 17 22.9 35 75 ESE 29 0 0 24 0.4 10.4 29 0 4.8 ESE 18 23.3 37 80 0 25 0.7 10.4 85.5 4.0 ESE 19 28 23.0 42 0 0 26 0.4 9.7 18 85.5 4.5 ESE 28 22.7 45 0 4 27 0.4 1.2 5.5 E 18 28 22.8 39 90.0 0 3 28 0.4 13.0 6.1 SE 18 28 23.4 39 95.0 0 3 29 0.4 15.1 5.8 SE 18 29 23.3 39 90.0 0 6 30 0.4 11.9 5.3 ESE 19 29 81.0 0 23.2 27.5 6 31 0.4 12.6 4.7 E 18 75.5 29 23.1 27 0 4 1 0.4 9.4 3.6 ENE 18 29 22.9 29 81.0 0 4 2 0.4 9.4 4.1 SE 18 28 22.5 44 81.0 0 5 3 0.4 12.2 17 5.7 SE 28 22.4 28 90.0 0 3 4 1.1 14.0 5.6 ESE 18 28 22.3 35 90.0 0 6 5 0.4 9.0 2.9 NNE 17 30 23.0 40 80.5 0 5 6 0.7 10.8 5.1 E 18 29 0 23.4 26 80.0 6 7 0.4 8.3 4.3 ENE 19 29 23.6 39 81.0 0 5 8 17 0 4 0.4 7.9 2.8 SE 29 22.6 33 90.0 9 0.4 7.2 2.8 SE 17 29 22.5 36 85.0 0 3 10 0.4 7.2 3.0 SE 17 29 4 22.2 35 75.0 0 11 0.4 6.5 2.6 NNW 16 29 22.7 29 70.0 0 1 12 0.7 8.6 3.1 ENE 16 30 22.7 26 75.0 0 0 13 0.7 10.4 4.4 NE 17 29 22.6 27 85.0 0 0 14 0.4 14.4 5.8 SE 17 29 22.6 28 80.0 0 4 15 0.4 11.5 4.8 SE 17 29 23.0 38 80.0 0 0 16 0.7 8.3 3.8 ESE 18 29 23.0 37 67.5 0 0 17 0.4 5.8 3.0 N 18 28 23.5 36 63.0 0 4 18 0.4 6.5 3.1 NW 18 29 23.7 33 75.0 0 4 19 0.7 11.9 4.9 SE 19 29 23.5 31 73.0 0 3 20 0.4 12.2 5.1 SE 17 29 24.6 35 69.0 0 4 21 0.4 14.0 6.9 SSE 20 29 23.8 42 64.2 0 6



Enclosure-5A Water Quality Data

Bhima River

Sl. No TESTS SW1 SW2

(28th Nov 2006) SW2

(28th Nov 2006) SW1

(30th Jan 2007) (30th Jan 2007)

1 Odour Unobjectionable Unobjectionable Unobjectionable Unobjectionable2 Taste Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable 3 Colour (Hazen units) 4 6 6 8 4 pH 7.21 7.46 7.38 7.695 Turbidity as NTU 6.0 8.0 7.0 9.0 6 6 8 Total Hardness 106 114 79. 89.7 Iron as Fe, mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 8 Chlorides as Cl, mg/l 28.8 27.6 30.4 28.4 9 Dissolved Solids, mg/l 298 316 304 294 10 Calcium as Ca, mg/l 42 37 38 44 11 Copper as Cu, mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 12 Magnesium as Mg, mg/l 12 15 14 18 13 Sulphate as SO4, mg/l 20 24 18 22 14 Nitrate as NO3, mg/l 5.8 5.1 4.8 5.4 15 Fluoride as F, mg/l 0.21 0.24 0.20 0.18 16 Mercury as Hg, mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 17 Cadmium as Cd, mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 18 Selenium as Se, mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 19 Arsenic as As, mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 20 Cyanide as CN, mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 21 Lead as Pb, mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 22 Zinc as Zn, mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 23 Chromium as Cr-6, mg/l Absent Absent Absent Absent24 Pesticides Absent Absent Absent Absent25 Alkalinity as CaCo3, mg/l 138 146 134 148 26 Boron as B, mg/l 0.10 0.09 0.12 0.11 27 MPN of Coliform count/100 ml 1100 1100 1100 1100 29 BOD, mg/l 4.5 3.8 3.6 3.4

(BDL = Below Detectable Limit)



Enclosure – 5B

Ground water Quality Data around Plant and Spent Wash Tank

At 0.1 km S from spent wash Tank, At 0.5 km W Spent wash Tank Sl. No

TESTS GW1 (28th Nov 2006)

GW1(30th Jan 2007)

GW2 (28th Nov 2006)

GW2(30th Jan 2007)

1 Odour Unobjectionable Unobjectionable Unobjectionable Unobjectionable2 Taste Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable 3 Colour (Hazen units) <4 <5 <4 <4 4 pH 7.59 7.51 7.44 7.595 Turbidity as NTU <1 <1 <1 <1 6 Total Hardness 439 434 328 3227 Iron as Fe, mg/l 0.15 0.16 0.10 0.13 8 Chlorides as Cl, mg/l 301 298 68 64 9 Dissolved Solids, mg/l 1018 1040 824 820 10 Calcium as Ca, mg/l 97 92 82 79 11 Copper as Cu, mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 12 Magnesium as Mg, mg/l 54 48 34 32 13 Sulphate as SO4, mg/l 216 212 64 62 14 Nitrate as NO3, mg/l 17 14 38 36 15 Fluoride as F, mg/l 0.56 0.54 1.04 1.0 16 Mercury as Hg, mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 17 Cadmium as Cd, mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 18 Selenium as Se, mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 19 Arsenic as As, mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 20 Cyanide as CN, mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 21 Lead as Pb, mg/l - - BDL BDL 22 Zinc as Zn, mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 23 Chromium as Cr-6, mg/l Absent Absent BDL BDL 24 Pesticides Absent Absent BDL BDL25 Alkalinity as CaCo3, mg/l 318 312 336 328 26 Boron as B, mg/l 0.19 0.21 BDL BDL 27 MPN of Coliform count/100 ml Nil Nil Nil Nil




Enclosure-5C Water Quality Data

Bagalur Village Hire Havalaga village Ghatarga village

Sl. No TESTS GW1

(28th Nov. 2006)

GW1 (30th Jan.

2007)

GW2 (28th Nov.

2006)

GW2 (30th Jan

2007)

GW3th

(28 Nov.

2006)

GW3 (30th Jan

2007) 1 Unobje tionable Odour Unobjectionable c Unobjectionable Unobjectionable Unobjectionable Unobjectionable2 Taste Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable3 Colour (Hazen units) <6 <4 <5 <6 <4 <44 pH 7.51 7 7.46 .52 7.49 7.52 7.485 Turbidity as NTU <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <16 Total Hardness 452 441 429 319 316 320 7 Iron as Fe, mg/l 0.10 0.12 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.11 8 Chlorides as Cl, mg/l 318 294 312 75 64 72 9 Dissolved Solids, mg/l 854 898 796 824 698 646 10 Calcium as Ca, mg/l 85 88 92 86 81 78 11 Copper as Cu, mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 12 Magnesium as Mg, mg/l 62 51 52 38 42 36 13 Sulphate as SO4, mg/l 315 296 324 364 268 29414 12 18 29 Nitrate as NO3, mg/l 16 32 2815 Fluoride as F, mg/l 0.46 0.42 0.51 1.08 1.02 1.21 16 Mercury as Hg, mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 17 Cadmium as Cd, mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 18 Selenium as Se, mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 19 Arsenic as As, mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 20 Cyanide as CN, mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 21 Lead as Pb, mg/l - - - BDL BDL BDL 22 Zinc as Zn, mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 23 Chromium as Cr-6, mg/l Absent Absent Absent BDL BDL BDL24 Pesticides Absent Absent Absent BDL BDL BDL25 Alkalinity as CaCo3, mg/l 298 304 326 378 298 32226 Boron as B, mg/l 0.12 0.21 0.18 BDL BDL BDL 27 MPN of Coliform count/100 ml Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil




Enclosure-5D Water Quality Data

Kumsi village Kollur Village

Sl. No TESTS

GW4 (28th Nov.

2006)

GW4 (30th Jan

2007)

GW5 (28th Nov.

2006)

GW5(30th Jan

2007) 1 Odour Unobjectionable Unobjectionable Unobjectionable Unobjectionable 2 Taste Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable 3 Colour (Hazen units) <5 <5 <5 <5 4 pH 7.28 7.24 7.29 7.415 Turbidity as NTU <1 <1 <1 <1 6 Total Hardness 496 524 342 3617 Iron as Fe, mg/l 0.12 0.10 0.14 0.12 8 Chlorides as Cl, mg/l 321 294 264 238 9 Dissolved Solids, mg/l 896 926 724 598 10 Calcium as Ca, mg/l 152 154 86 92 11 Copper as Cu, mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 12 Magnesium as Mg, mg/l 44 46 38 42 13 Sulphate as SO4, mg/l 185 99 106 17814 Nitrate as NO3, mg/l 18 12 26 3815 Fluoride as F, mg/l 0.98 0.66 1.02 1.06 16 Mercury as Hg, mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 17 Cadmium as Cd, mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 18 Selenium as Se, mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 19 Arsenic as As, mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 20 Cyanide as CN, mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 21 Lead as Pb, mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 22 Zinc as Zn, mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 23 Chromium as Cr-6, mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL 24 Pesticides BDL BDL BDL BDL25 Alkalinity as CaCo3, mg/l 328 396 428 46826 Boron as B, mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL

27 MPN of Coliform count/100 ml

Nil Nil Nil Nil





Enclosure – 6 Present Land Use Based on Satellite Imaginary

CADASTRAL MAP OF HAVALAGA VILLAGE, AFZALPUR TALUKA GULBARAGA DISTRICT OVERLAID ON IRS-IC PAN + LISS- III MERGED IMAGE

Cultivated land 36.0 % Forest Land 26.0 % Barren Land 38.0

Legend RGB Composite

Red: Layer 1

Green: Layer

Blue: Layer 3

Plant Site

Kumasi

Hichagera

Kollur

Narayanpura

Ghattaragi

Bagalur

Hire Havalgi

Chikka Havalgi

Introduction EIA Report

Enclosure-7 Soil Quality Data Sampling period: 30thJanuary 2007

Note:

Sl. No Sample Location S1 S2 S3 S4

1 pH (1:2 Soil water extract) 7.62 7.05 7.20 7.40

2 Electrical Conductivity (µmhos) (1:2 Soil water extract) 320 152 370 196

3 Nitrate as N, mg/kg 30 31 32 29 4 Phosphorous as P2O5, mg/kg 15 13 15 21 5 Potassium as K2O, mg/kg 61 32 16 92 6 Sodium as Na2O, mg/kg 760 728 614 521 7 Calcium as Ca, mg/kg 3112 2528 2802 2612 8 Magnesium as Mg, mg/kg 405 414 288 328 9 Chlorides as Cl, mg/kg 52 81 20 42 10 Organic Carbon, % 0.82 0.60 0.42 0.65 11 Bulk density, gm/cc. 0.50 0.42 0.30 0.31 12 Permeability, cm/s 7.1x10-6 2.3x10-6 6.5x10-5 6.2x10-5

11 Texture Silty Clay Silty Clay Silty Clay Silty Clay A Sand % 28 28 40 32 B Silt % 23 38 20 25 C Clay % 44 41 35 40

Sl. No Sample Location S5 S6 S7 S8

1 pH (1:2 Soil water extract) 7.60 7.24 7.10 7.30

2 Electrical Conductivity (µmhos) (1:2 Soil water extract) 242 124 310 206

3 Nitrate as N, mg/kg 25 23 30 21 4 Phosphorous as P2O5, mg/kg 18 16 12 18 5 Potassium as K2O, mg/kg 80 71 14 82 6 Sodium as Na2O, mg/kg 234 225 641 512 7 Calcium as Ca, mg/kg 235 214 2712 2522 8 Magnesium as Mg, mg/kg 304 225 264 312 9 Chlorides as Cl, mg/kg 60 22 21 34 10 Organic Carbon, % 0.52 0.35 0.40 0.61 11 Bulk density, gm/cc. 0.30 0.31 0.26 0.31 12 Permeability, cm/s 8.4x10-5 6.2x10-5 615x10-5 6.0x10-5

11 Texture Silty Clay Clay loam Silty Clay Silty Clay A Sand % 26 41 34 30 B Silt % 19 16 18 21 C Clay % 32 21 30 31

S1 Plant Site S2 Havalaga S3 Bagalur S4 Hire Havalaga S5 Chikkhavalaga S6 Kumasi S7 Kollur S8 Narayanpura

Enclosure - 8

GREEN REVOLUTION BY RENUKA SUGARS LIMITED



Upto 2003

Year 2004

Year 2005

Year 2006 Total Sl.

No Tree Name Number of Trees Planted

1 Teak 35000 30000 17120 2000 84120 2 Tamarid (Hunse) 950 0 791 0 1741 3 Dwara Hunse 0 0 350 150 500 4 Kalpavriksha (Coconut) 653 0 9096 11629 21378 5 Banana 0 0 0 1000 1000 6 Betelnut (Arecanut) 2500 0 0 500 3000 7 Curry leaf (Karibevu) 300 0 0 0 300 8 Drum Stick (Nuggi) 180 0 0 500 680 9 Neem (Bevu) 300 0 580 100 980 10 Bamboo (Gala) 190 0 0 10 200 11 Jackfruit (Halasu) 100 0 0 10 110 12 Gaiva (Pyaraia) 20 0 210 25 255 13 Chiku (Sapota) 12 100 50 10 172 14 Lemmon (Nimbe) 200 10 25 20 255 15 Beete (Roose wood) 200 0 0 0 200 16 Silver Oak 6500 4000 0 0 10500 17 Mango 1400 0 0 100 1500 18 Sreeganda 50 0 5000 0 5050 19 Honge 3500 0 750 200 4450 20 Golden Pam Tree 1500 0 0 0 1500 21 Polyalthia Longfolla (Ashoka Tree) 500 0 0 0 500 22 Wick 9Batti) 200 0 0 0 200 23 Cashewnut (Godambi) 35 0 0 50 85 24 Champak (Sampige) 100 0 0 0 100 25 Hibuscus (Dasvala) 0 78 0 0 78 26 Show Tree 0 38 0 0 38 27 Rose 0 280 1500 100 1880 28 Almond (Badam) 0 0 0 0 35 29 Eucalyptus (Nilagiri) 35 0 7450 200 7650 30 Casraine (Sarvay) 0 0 22760 2500 25260 31 Hala 00 0 100 2 102 32 Annona Reticulate (Sitapala) 0 0 60 0 60 33 Gulmorah 0 0 200 150 350 34 Glyricidia (Gobbar) 0 0 1240 500 1740 35 Jasmine (Mallige) 0 0 100 50 150 36 Amla (Bet nalli) 0 0 5000 0 5000 37 Accasia (Jali) 0 0 4850 500 5350 38 Venilla 0 813 910 800 2523 39 Subabull (Chiguru mavu) 350 0 0 0 350 40 Jalaropa (Bio diesel) 0 0 0 890 890 41 Pupil (Aarall mara) 0 0 0 12 12 42 Banni Mara 25 30 30 45 130 43 Bouganvill (Paper) 80 75 75 45 250 Total 54880 35399 78247 22098 190624

Enclosure-9



State wise Production of Maize

Production in Lac tons State

During 1997 During 2005

Andhra Pradesh 10.8 11.2

Bihar 11.7 12.2

Gujarat 06.6 03.2

Himachal Pradesh 06.2 08.5

Jammu Kashmir 04.4 11.2

Karnataka 16.7 18.5

Madhya Pradesh 11.0 22.6

Maharastra 03.0 06.3

Orissa 00.6 -

Punjab 03.5 06.0

Rajastan 12.2 09.9

Uttar Pradesh 16.6 14.0

West Bengal 01.3 -

Tamil Nadu - 04.5

Other states 36.0 06.5

All India 108.5 132.0

Enclosure - 10 TERMS OF REFERENCES (ToR) FROM MoEF FOR EIA STUDY



Terms of References were specified to this industry by Environmental

Appraisal Committee, MoEF New Delhi during their meeting held on 21-01-

08 (Annexure-9). The EIA studies were conducted based on these TOR and

accordingly the EIA report is prepared. The list of ToR and their compliances

is given below.

Sl. No. Terms of References (ToR) Compliances to ToR

1 Executive summary of the project Enclosed 2 Present land use based on satellite

imagery Given in EIA report as Enclosure-5

3 Details of site and information related to environmental setting with in 10 km radius of the project site

Given in EIA Report Chapter–2.3 and Table-2.1

4 Sources of molasses/ grains Given in EIA Report as Enclosure-8 5 Information regarding eco-sensitive

areas such as national park/ wildlife sanctuary/biosphere reserves with in 10 km radius of project area.


6 Ambient air quality monitoring for three months except monsoon

Given in EIA Report Chapter-8.3 and as Enclosure -2A to 2C

7 Mathematical modeling for calculating the dispersion of air pollutants and ground level concentration along with emissions from the spent wash and biomass fired boiler.

Given in EIA Report Chapter–9.2.2 (3)

8 Details of traffic density vis-s-vis impact on the ambient air

Given in EIA Report Chapter–9.2.3

9 Details of the use of steam from the boiler.


10 Ground water quality around the unit and molasses storage area

Given in EIA report Chapter-8.5 and as Enclosure -4A to 4C

11 Detailed water balance indicating the input and output

Given in EIA report Chapter-5 and Table-5.5A and-5.5B

12 Noise levels monitoring at five locations within the study area

Given in EIA report Chapter-8.4.2 and as Table-8.8

13 List of flora and fauna in the study area

Given in EIA report Chapter-8.8

14 Number of working days of the distillery unit

330 days (The industry follows evaporation and incineration technology for treatment of spent wash. The industry will not practice composting or land application of spent wash).

15 Details of the spent wash treatment Given in EIA report Chapter-5.5 and Figure-5.2

16 Proposed effluent treatment system Given in EIA report Chapter-5.4 (A)



and scheme for achieving zero discharge

and Figure-5.1

17 Water drawl permission from the irrigation department/state ground water board

Given in EIA report as Enclosure-10

18 Details of solid waste management including management of boiler ash

Given in EIA report Chapter 7..2

19 Green development as per the CPCB guidelines

Given in EIA report Chapter-11.2.6

20 Environment Management Plan Given in EIA report Chapter-11and Chapter-12

21 Measure for rain water harvesting Given in EIA report Chapter-11.2.7 22 Details of Occupational health

surveillance programme Given in EIA report Chapter-11.2.9

23 Details of Socio-economic welfare activities

Given in EIA report Chapter-11.2.11

24 Post project environmental monitoring Given in EIA report Chapter-10 and Table-10.1

25 Action plan in the tabular form to the issue/suggestions made during the public hearing along with the implementation plan and allocation of funds

Will be submitted after public hearing process



Enclosure – 12 Sugar Industries In Karnataka With Out Attached

Distillery

Enclosure - 11 Water drawl permission from the irrigation department/state ground water board



A. Sugar Factories In Karnataka (In Co-Operative Sector)

SL: NO.

Factory Location / Office Address

Telephone No./Fax No./Telegram Address

Capacity Tonnes cane Crushed per day/Year of First

Crush(Sugar Year)

1 S.S.K. Niyamit, Alland, Post-Bhusnoor - 585 302 Aland Taluk, Gulbarga District.

Ph: 08477 -290135 Mobile: 98440 43193 Gram:

1250 TCD 1988-89

2 The Bhadra S.S.k.Niyamit, DODDABATHI - 577 566 Davanagere Taluk & District

Ph: 0819 - 291545,6,7,8 Fax: 0819 - 291544 Gram: "BADRASUGAR"

1800 TCD 1977-78

3 Shree Bhagyalaxmi S.S.K. Ltd.,KHANAPUR - 591 302 Belgaum District.

Ph: 0831-652209/652971/652482 Fax: 0831-652976 Gram: "LAXMISUGAR"

2500 TCD 1996 - 97

4 The Bidar S.S.K. Ltd., HALLIKHED S.F.- 585 415 Bidar District.

Ph: 0848- 374778, 374427,47 Fax: 0848 - 374427 Gram: "BIDARSUGAR" Bidar

3500 TCD 1968-69

5 Dakshina Kannada S.S.K. Ltd., BRAHMAVARA - 576 213, P.B.No.5, Udupi District.

Ph: 08252 - 561535/561534/561125 Fax: 08252 - 561895 Gram: "MANGALASUG"

1250 TCD 1984 - 85

6 The Ghataprabha S.S.K. Niyamit, GOKAK - 591 307 Belgaum District.

Ph: 0831-325218/325355/327952 Fax: 08332 - 325359 Gram: "PRABHASUGAR" Mobile: 98441 52321

1250 TCD 1980

7 Shri Halasidhanath S.S.K. Ltd, Shankaranandnagar, NIPANI - 591 237 Belgaum District

Ph: 0831 - 620355/ 622090/621351/621526 Fax: 0831 - 621315 / 621828 Gram: "HALASUGAR"

1250 TCD 1986-87

8 Hemavathy S.S.K. Ltd., SRINIVASAPURA - 573 116, Channarayapatna Tq. Hassan Dist.

Ph: 08176 - 70402/70292/70412/70242,3 Fax: 08176 - 70032

1250 TCD 1984 - 85

9 Karnataka S.S.K. Ltd., Haveri - 581 110 Sirsi - Haveri Road, Haveri District.

Ph: 08375 - 32388 / 84422 / 84444 Fax: 08375 - 84426 Gram: " VARADA SUGAR"

1250 TCD 1983 - 84

10 The Krishna SSK Ltd., Athani - 591 304 Post: Sankonatti, Belgaum Dist.

Ph: 0831 - 251290 Fax: 0831 - 251684

2500 TCD 2001 - 02

11 The Nandi S.S.K.Ltd., KRISHNA NAGAR - 587 117 (Chikkagalagali) Via: Galagali Hosur Post, Bijapur Taluk & District.

Ph: 08355 - 530015 / 530054 Fax: 08355 - 530016 Gram: NANDI SUGAR

2500 TCD 1992-93

12 Naranja SSK Ltd., Imampur (Near Janwada) - 585 403 Taluk & District Bidar

Ph: 0848 244195/224535 Fax: 0848 244136

2500 TCD 2002 - 03

13 The Pandavapura S.S.K. Ltd., PANDAVAPURA - 571 435

Ph: 08236 - 55322 / 55122, 24, 69 Fax: 08236 - 55118 Email: [email protected]

3500 TCD 1959

14 RAIBAG - 591 317 Belgaum District

Ph: 0831 - 45259 / 45249 Fax: 0831 - 45239

2500 TCD



Gram: "RAYASUGAR" 1978

15 RYATARA S.S.K. Ltd., RANNANAGAR, Mudhol Taluk, Timmapur - 587 122, Bagalkot Dist.

Ph: 0835 - 347041,93 / 347104 Fax: 0835 - 347130 Gram: " RANNA SUGAR"

2500 TCD 1998 - 99

16 Sri Sreerama S.S.K. Ltd., CHUNCHANAKATTE - 571 617 K.R.Nagar Taluk, Mysore District.

Ph: 08223 - 681131, 681134 Fax: Gram: "RAMSUGAR'

1250 TCD 1979 - 80

17 Vanivilasa Co- Op. Sugar Factory Ltd., HIRIYUR - 572 144, Chitradurga District,

Ph: 08193 - 27237, 36 Fax: 08193-27344 Gram: "VANI SUGARS'

1250 TCD 1971 - 72

B. SUGAR FACTORIES IN KARNATAKA IN PRIVATE SECTOR

SL: NO.

Registered / Administrative / Head Office Factory Location

Capacity, TCD /Year of First

Crush(Sugar Year)

1

Davangere Sugar Company Ltd., 73/1, P.B.No.-312, Shamanur Road, Davangere - 577504 Ph.: 0819- 222022 /222027 Fax: 0819 - 222028 Email: [email protected]

Davangere Sugar Company Ltd., kukkuvada - 577 525 Davangere Taluk, Davangere District Ph.: 0819- 201626, 201623, 201624 Fax: 0819 - 201627 Email: [email protected]

2500 TCD 1974-75

2

Gangavathi Sugars Ltd., 2nd Floor, Commercial Complex Annexe, Mysugar building, J.C. Road, BANGALORE-560 002. Ph.: 080 - 22225028 Fax: 080 - 22217898

Gangavathi Sugars Ltd., PRAGATINAGAR - 583 268 Koppal Dist. Gram: GANGASUGAR Ph.: 08539 - 76036, 76038, 76107 Fax: 08539 - 76138

2500 TCD 1975-76

3

GEM Sugars Limited Hoodi Apartments, NO. 120, Cunningham Road, Bangalore - 560 052 Ph.: 080 - 22202214/15, 22202829 Fax: 080 - 22202299

GEM Sugars Limited Kundargi - 587 204 Billgi Taluk, Bagalkot Dist. Ph.: 08425 471285/89 Fax: 08425 471289 MB: 98452 36876 Email: [email protected]

2500 TCD Commissioned from Feb 14, 2003

4 ICL Sugars Ltd Dhun Building (I floor), 827, Anna Salai, CHENNAI - 600 002. Ph.: 044-28521526/28530668. Fax: 044-28521344 Email: [email protected]

ICL Sugars Ltd Makavalli, K.R. PET.Mandya District-571 426 Ph.: 0823 - 765934,765831,765842 Fax: 0823 - 765756 Grams: INDSUGAR

2500 TCD Commissioned from 02.08.99

5 The India Sugars & Refineries Ltd., Bank of Baroda Building, 5th Floor, #12, Mumbai Samachar Marg, Fort, MUMBAI - 400 023 Gram: SAFEDCHINI Ph.: 022 - 22045434 / 35 /22048695 Fax: 022 - 22856631

The India Sugars & Refineries CHITWADGI - 583 211 Hospet Taluk Bellary Dist. Gram: "SUGARS" Ph.: 08394 - 28845 / 28846 / 28847 Fax: 08394 - 24466 Email: [email protected] [email protected]

2000 TCD 1934 - 35

6 The Mysore Paper Mills Ltd., #16/4, Ali Asker Road, P.B.No.112, BANGALORE - 560 052 Gram: "PAPER MILL''

The Mysore Paper Mills Ltd., P.O.Paper Town, Bhadravathi - 577 302, Shimoga Dist., Telex: 0831 - 219

2500 TCD 1983-84



Ph.: 080 - 22262334 to 37/22266521 Fax: 080 - 22253478 Email: [email protected]

Ph.: 08282 - 670201 to 8 Fax: 08282 - 670937 Email: [email protected]

7 Shamanur Sugars Ltd., #374, 4th Main, P.J. Extension, DAVANGERE - 577 002 Ph.: 0819 - 255855 / 255866 Fax: 0819- 257007 /257481

Shamanur Sugars Ltd., DUGGAVATHI - 583 137 Harapanahalli Taluk, Davangere Dist. Ph.: 0819- 288151 upto 288160 /288003/288005 Fax: 0819 -288125

2500 TCD 1998-99

8 Siruguppa Sugars & Chemicals Ltd., Unit-I, #28/1, Shakespeare Sarani, 11/12, Ganga Jamuna Building, CALCUTTA - 700 017. Ph.: 033- 22472373 / 77, 247 - 6246 Fax: 033 -22401371

Siruguppa Sugars & Chemicals Ltd., DESNAUR - 583 140 Siruguppa Taluk, Bellary Dist Ph.: 08396 - 620439 Fax: 08396 - 620189/620259 Gram : WINSOME - SIRUGUPPA

1500 TCD 1973-74

9 M/s. Venkateshwara Power Project Ltd.,Regd. Off. Mahadik Pump, Shiroli(P) KOLHAPUR – 416 122. Tal. Hatkangale,Dist. Kolhapur. Maharastra State. Ph.: 0230 - 2461002(5lines) Fax: 0230 - 2461006 Email: [email protected]

M/s. Venkateshwara Power Project Ltd., Site: A/p. Bedakihal, Chikodi Taluk, Belgaum Dist – 411 214. Email: [email protected] T TPh.: 0831 - 661057,662457 Fax: 0831 - 662457 Grams: "VENKATESHWARA"

1250 TCD 2001 - 2002

10 Jamakhandi Sugar Mills Ltd., Desai Building, Kudchi Road, Jamakhandi - 587 301,. Bagalkot Dist. Ph.: 08353 354163 /354160 Fax: 08353 354081

Jamakhandi Sugar Mills Ltd., HIREPADASALGI Post, Naganur - 587 301 Jamakhandi Taluk. Bagalkot Dist. Ph.: 08353 54081/54163 Fax: 08353 54163

2500 TCD 2001 - 02

11 Nirani Sugars Ltd., No.2/1, 1st floor, 3rd Main, West of Chord Road, Shivanagar, Bangalore - 560 010 Ph.: 080 - 23200997

Nirani Sugars Ltd., Sy.No.166, Kulali Cross, Mudhol - 587 313 Bagalkot Dist. Ph.: 08350 381422, 381142 Fax: 08350 381092

500 TCD 2000-01


Chapter-III EIA Report

Documents

Transcript of Chapter-III EIA Report