Chapter 9 Sections 1-3. The greatly increased output of machine-made goods that began in Enlgand in...
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Transcript of Chapter 9 Sections 1-3. The greatly increased output of machine-made goods that began in Enlgand in...
INDUSTRIALIZATIONChapter 9 Sections 1-3
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
The greatly increased output of machine-made goods that began in Enlgand in the middle 1700s.
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION BEGINS IN BRITAIN
Wealthy people buy up land then come up with new ways to farm Enclosures- larger fields with fences or hedges Scientific Farmers- new planting methods boost production Crop Rotation and new breeding methods People tenant farmers or move to cities More food=more people= more demand for goods
Why England? Industrialization- the process of developing machine
production of goods. = need for resources Britain has resources, good economy, highly developed
banking system, political stability, and all of the factors of production. (land, labor, capital, and wealth)
INVENTIONS SPUR INDUSTRIALIZATION John Kay’s Flying Shuttle- doubles work
of weaver James Hargreaves- Spinning Jenny- Spins
8 threads at a time Richard Arkwright- Water Frame water
powered spinning wheels Samuel Crompton- Spinning Mule Edmund Cartwright- power loom Eli Whitney- The Cotton Gin
SPINNING JENNY
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRANSPORTATION Watt’s Steam Engine
Watt mathematical instrument maker teams up with Matthew Boulton and entrepreneur in 1774
Found ways to make steam engines faster, more efficient, and burn less fuel
Water Transportation Steam powered boats= transport faster
Road Transportation John McAdam- New roads with large rock on bottom
and small rock on top Turnpikes.
THE RAILWAY AGE BEGINS
Steam Driven Locomotives Worlds first RR line- Stephenson 1821 27 miles from Yorkshire to Liverpool
The Liverpool-Manchester Railroad Held competition to see what locomotive they would use 13 ton load at 24 MPH
Railroads revolutionize life in Britain 1. Cheap transporation= industrial growth 2. new jobs 3. boosts ag and fishing industries 4. Travel
“THE ROCKET”
THE EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION
Section 2
INDUSTRIALIZATION CHANGES LIVE
People move to cities for jobs Urban centers double to quadruple Urbanization- city building and the movement of people to
cities Living Conditions
Since cities expanded rapidly there were no development plans, sanitary codes, or building codes. Lacked housing, education, and police protection
No drains, garbage heaps, Dark dirty shelters, 1 room per family, disease spread rapidly
Life span- 17 years city, 38 in rural areas Working Conditions
14 hour days 6 days a week. Dark, dirty, machines dangerous, no safety net Women and children work as much but paid less
CLASS TENSIONS GROW
Middle Class Skilled workers, professionals, business people,
and wealthy farmers Most of new wealth went to these people Eventually division between upper middle and
lower middle class Working Class
Laborers Destroy machines that take their jobs Riots because of poor living and working
conditions
POSITIVE EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Created jobs Fostered technological progress and invention Increased production of goods and standard
of living Healthier diets Cheaper goods Expanded educational opportunities for
clerical workers and engineers. Economic success of the country
http://www.history.com/videos/the-industrial-revolition
INDUSTRIALIZATION SPREADSChapter 9 Section 3
CONTINENTAL EUROPE INDUSTRIALIZES Napoleonic Wars slow things down for
the rest of Europe but Industrialism eventually spreads there
Belgium Led Europe in adopting new technology Rich in iron, coal, and waterways Helped by British skilled workers William Cockerill smuggles plans to Europe
there and builds and enormous enterprise
CONTINENTAL EUROPE INDUSTRIALIZES Germany
Germany divided so pockets of industrialization appear Import British equipment and engineers Railroads help Germany become an industrial power- helps them
become a military power as well Expansion Elsewhere
Other places had specific things they produced Ex. Bohemia= spinning industry, Spain(Catalonia)= cotton,
Northern Italy= spinning silk France-More measured and controlled, kept a strong agricultural
sector = avoided many social and economic problems of industrialization
Spain and Austria have hard time industrializing because of geographical obstacles
THE IMPACT OF INDUSTRIALIZATION
Rise of Global inequality Widened the wealth gap between people
and nations Needed raw materials and markets= poor
countries Imperialism
Transformation of society Revolutionizes every aspect of society from
daily life to life expectancy.