CHAPTER 9 Developing Intercultural Relationships.
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Transcript of CHAPTER 9 Developing Intercultural Relationships.
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CHAPTER 9
Developing Intercultural Relationships
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Factors that Affect Intercultural Relationships
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Uncertainty Reduction Theory• Premise—the primary goal when interacting with a
stranger is to reduce uncertainty and increase predictability of behavior.
• Can be:– Proactive—weighing options prior to interactions. – Retroactive—explaining behavior after it occurs.
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Anxiety Uncertainty Management Theory
• Focuses on managing, rather than reducing, anxiety• Mindfulness—being consciously attentive to
incoming information. Actively negotiating meaning, rather than dealing with information in a habitual manner.
• Communication effectiveness—is when message interpretation is similar to message intent. The goal of an interaction is to achieve effectiveness.
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Socio-Communicative Orientation• Assertiveness—an individual’s ability to make
requests, actively disagree, and express positive or negative personal rights and feelings.
• Responsiveness—an individual’s ability to be sensitive to the communication of others, including providing feedback, engaging in comforting communication, and listening.
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Empathy • Empathy is the degree to which we can
accurately infer another’s thoughts or feelings.
• Empathy is crucial to intercultural relationships because of the cultural differences between the two individuals.
• Model of relational empathy-when two people interact, they create a third culture of shared meaning and relational empathy.
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Empathetic Listening Practices:
• Paraphrase• Reflect feelings• Reflect meanings • Summarizing
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Similarity and Attraction
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Eastern Relationships Practice:• Particularism: A particular set of rules apply
to each relationship.• Long-term and asymmetrical reciprocity.• Distinct differences between in-group and out-
group members.• Use of intermediaries.• Blending of personal and public relationships.
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Relationship Types• Serial monogamy• Polygamy (marriage to more than one
spouse)–Polygyny (man with multiple wives)–Polyandry (woman with multiple
husbands)• Interracial marriages –Account for 2% of U.S. married couples
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Relational Maintenance • Self-disclosure• Relationship talk • Positivity • Understanding• Assurances• Networks• Tasks
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Mate Selection • Desirability enhancement effect• Desirability diminution effect • Different perspectives of mate selection:– Evolutionary biologists– Sociologists–Geneticists– Social Psychologists
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International Mate Selection Project• Characteristics individuals value in mates: – Kindness– Intelligence– Exciting personality – Healthy
• Similarities and differences in countries: – Most polarizing characteristic=chastity