Chapter 9 Carbon Chemistry
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Chapter 9 Carbon Chemistry. Section 9.1 Carbon Compounds. Organic Compounds Contains Carbon and Hydrogen Over 90% of all Known Compounds. Did you know Carbon has 4 valence electrons? How many bonds can one carbon atom form?. Carbon Can also Form. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Chapter 9 Carbon Chemistry
Chapter 9 Carbon Chemistry
Chapter 9 Carbon ChemistrySection 9.1 Carbon Compounds
Organic Compounds
Contains Carbon and Hydrogen
Over 90% of all Known Compounds
Did you know Carbon has 4 valence electrons?
How many bonds can one carbon atom form?
Carbon Can also Form
Double Bonds or a Triple Bond
DiamondsHardest Substance (Rigid, Compact, and Strong)Composed of Network of Covalent bonds
GraphiteSoft and slipperyArranged in layersUsed in lubricating machinery and pencils
FullerenesLarge, hollow spheresFound in meteoritesBucky Balls or C60 is an arrangement of alternating hexagons and pentagons- like a soccer ball
Saturated Hydrocarbons = AlkanesStraight chains only single bondsMethane H H- C- H H
Propane H H H H-C-C-C-H H H HOctane H H H H H H H HH-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-H H H H H H H H H
More AlkanesBranched Isomers- have same chemical formula but different arrangementsIsomers have different chemical and physical propertiesRingsCarbons are joined into a ring shapeCan also have same chemical formula as the straight chain or branched chain Example: butane, isobutane, and cyclobutane
Unsaturated HydrocarbonsContains one or more double or triple bondsAlkenes- Double bond, -ene endingAlkynes- Triple bond, -yne ending, most reactive hydrocarbonAromatics- Unsaturated ring structure, many have strong aromas or odors
Fossil FuelsCoal- solid, 300 mya, formed in swampsNatural gas- formed from marine organisms, mostly methane, but also ethane, propane, butane.Petroleum- also formed from marine organisms, crude oil, complex mixture of hydrocarbons, separated into fractions like gasoline and heating oil
Combustion of fossil fuelsIncomplete Combustion2C3H8+7O26CO+8H2OComplete CombustionC3H8+5O23CO2+4H2O
ACID RainNormal Rain slightly acidic pH 5.6Acid Rain has pH as low as 2.7
9.2 Substituted Hydrocarbons
3 Functional GroupsAlcohol- Contains OH hydroxyl group, ends in -olOrganic Acid- Contains COOH carboxyl group and end in oicOrganic Base- Contains NH2 amineEsters- Organic acid + Alcohol = -COOC , produces odors in flowers and processed food
