Chapter 8.1 Cell Division and Reproduction. Why do cells go through cell division? To grow...
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Transcript of Chapter 8.1 Cell Division and Reproduction. Why do cells go through cell division? To grow...
![Page 1: Chapter 8.1 Cell Division and Reproduction. Why do cells go through cell division? To grow –Organisms grow by ADDING more cells To replace dead cells.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051316/56649e545503460f94b4b80c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 8.1
Cell Division and Reproduction
![Page 2: Chapter 8.1 Cell Division and Reproduction. Why do cells go through cell division? To grow –Organisms grow by ADDING more cells To replace dead cells.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051316/56649e545503460f94b4b80c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Why do cells go through cell division?
• To grow– Organisms grow by ADDING more cells
• To replace dead cells– All cells will die so they need to be
replaced
• To replace damaged cells– Cells will be damaged by injury (cut)
![Page 3: Chapter 8.1 Cell Division and Reproduction. Why do cells go through cell division? To grow –Organisms grow by ADDING more cells To replace dead cells.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051316/56649e545503460f94b4b80c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Definition of Cell Division
• Cell division is the process of one cell dividing into two identical daughter cells
![Page 4: Chapter 8.1 Cell Division and Reproduction. Why do cells go through cell division? To grow –Organisms grow by ADDING more cells To replace dead cells.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051316/56649e545503460f94b4b80c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
DNA - Hereditary Material
• DNA is stored in a eukaryotic cells nucleus – Plant cells– Animal cells
![Page 5: Chapter 8.1 Cell Division and Reproduction. Why do cells go through cell division? To grow –Organisms grow by ADDING more cells To replace dead cells.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051316/56649e545503460f94b4b80c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
What is Chromatin?
• Loose (stringy) DNA in a cells nucleus is called chromatin
• DNA before cell division
• DNA ‘hanging out’
![Page 6: Chapter 8.1 Cell Division and Reproduction. Why do cells go through cell division? To grow –Organisms grow by ADDING more cells To replace dead cells.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051316/56649e545503460f94b4b80c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Chromosome doubles
• Chromatin condenses (shrinks up) and doubles just before cell division – This forms a
chromosome (X).
X X
![Page 7: Chapter 8.1 Cell Division and Reproduction. Why do cells go through cell division? To grow –Organisms grow by ADDING more cells To replace dead cells.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051316/56649e545503460f94b4b80c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
What is a Chromosome?
• A chromosome is a structure made up of DNA and protein in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell
![Page 8: Chapter 8.1 Cell Division and Reproduction. Why do cells go through cell division? To grow –Organisms grow by ADDING more cells To replace dead cells.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051316/56649e545503460f94b4b80c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Cell Cycle
• The cell cycle is the period of time from the beginning of one cell division to the beginning of the next.
• The cell cycle has 3 parts:– Interphase See cycle on page 155– Mitosis– Cytokinesis
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1. Interphase
• First part of the cell cycle
• Time in between cell divisions– Cell is on vacation
• Longest phase. Most time is spent in interphase
• At end, chromatin (stringy) doubles into a chromosome (X)
![Page 10: Chapter 8.1 Cell Division and Reproduction. Why do cells go through cell division? To grow –Organisms grow by ADDING more cells To replace dead cells.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051316/56649e545503460f94b4b80c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Mitosis
• Second part of the cell cycle
• Makes 2 new identical nuclei
• Has 4 steps:– Prophase– Metaphase– Anaphase– Telophase
![Page 11: Chapter 8.1 Cell Division and Reproduction. Why do cells go through cell division? To grow –Organisms grow by ADDING more cells To replace dead cells.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051316/56649e545503460f94b4b80c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
2. Prophase
• First step of mitosis
• Chromatin in nucleus coils into chromosomes (X’s)
• Nuclear membrane begins to disappear
![Page 12: Chapter 8.1 Cell Division and Reproduction. Why do cells go through cell division? To grow –Organisms grow by ADDING more cells To replace dead cells.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051316/56649e545503460f94b4b80c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
3. Metaphase
• Second step of mitosis
• Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
• Spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes
![Page 13: Chapter 8.1 Cell Division and Reproduction. Why do cells go through cell division? To grow –Organisms grow by ADDING more cells To replace dead cells.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051316/56649e545503460f94b4b80c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
4. Anaphase
• Third step of mitosis
• Chromosomes separate and begin to move to opposite ends of the cell
![Page 14: Chapter 8.1 Cell Division and Reproduction. Why do cells go through cell division? To grow –Organisms grow by ADDING more cells To replace dead cells.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051316/56649e545503460f94b4b80c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
5. Telophase
• Final step of mitosis
• Two new nuclei form around the separated chromosomes
• Chromosomes unwind to form chromatin
• Mitosis ends
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6. Cytokinesis
• Final part of the cell cycle
• Makes 2 new identical daughter cells
• Shortest phase
• END of the cell cycle
![Page 16: Chapter 8.1 Cell Division and Reproduction. Why do cells go through cell division? To grow –Organisms grow by ADDING more cells To replace dead cells.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051316/56649e545503460f94b4b80c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
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Cell Cycle
• Interphase
• Prophase
• Metaphase Mitosis
• Anaphase
• Telophase
• Cytokinesis
![Page 18: Chapter 8.1 Cell Division and Reproduction. Why do cells go through cell division? To grow –Organisms grow by ADDING more cells To replace dead cells.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051316/56649e545503460f94b4b80c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
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Cell Cycle Mnemonic• Write a mnemonic for cell division• (Ex. King Henry Died By Drinking
Chocolate Milk.)• I• P• M Add a COLORED • A picture• T• C
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Cell Cycle Mnemonic
• I
• Played
• Music
• At
• The
• Concert