Chapter 8: The Rise of Rome

Chapter 8: The Rise of Rome

In your notes, do a quick-write listing everything you know about Ancient Rome.

Think about books, movies, mythology, and historical figures.

Things to come: The founding of Rome

› Aeneas› Romulus and Remus

Roman soldiers and war› Hannibal and the Punic Wars› The conquests of Julius Caesar

The peace of Rome (Pax Romana) and the crazy rulers› Caligula and Nero

SECTION 1: ROME’S

BEGINNINGS

Today we will explain in writing the importance of geography in the rise of the Roman Civilization.

*Look at the map on page 263. Answer 1 and 2 in your notes.

Italy is in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea.

The Alps run across the top of Italy. › The Alps _______________.

The Apennines run down through Italy, from North to South. › The Apennines can be

crossed more easily, so _______________________.

Italy had better farmland than Greece, so they ____________.

SECTION 1: ROME’S

BEGINNINGS

Today we will explain in writing the importance of geography in the rise of the Roman Civilization.

The place where Rome was founded is 15 miles from the coast of the Mediterranean, on the ____________.› The Tiber River gave Romans

a source of water A way to the rest of the

Mediterranean world And _______________

Rome was built on ________.› This made it easy to ______.› It was also a stopping place

for travelers in Italy and on the Sea.

SECTION 1: ROME’S

BEGINNINGS

Today we will explain in writing how the Romans created a republic and conquered Italy, turning it into a great power.

Romulus and Remus were brothers, abandoned as babies and raised by a wolf. Romulus killed Remus and ____________.

Aeneas was a Trojan prince who escaped after the Greeks captured Troy. After a long adventure, he came to the Tiber River and founded Rome.

SECTION 1: ROME’S

BEGINNINGS


The actual story?› Historians aren’t sure.

They think that Latins lived in the hills of Rome, tending herds of animals, growing crops, and living in huts from 1000 B.C.

› After a few hundred years, they banded together __________. Their community became known as Rome.

SECTION 1: ROME’S

BEGINNINGS


The Etruscans and the ______ had a major influence on Rome.› Greeks taught Romans how

to grow grapes and olives, and the Greek alphabet. Romans later copied their architecture, art, and writing.

› Etruscans took control of Rome and ________. They were great fighters, their cities were well-organized, and they enjoyed feasting and playing sports and music.

SECTION 1: ROME’S

BEGINNINGS


Rome became powerful under Etruscan rule, but the family of kings, the Tarquins, were ______.

In 509 B.C., Rome rebelled and formed a republic.› The Roman Republic

conquered their neighbors, including the Etruscans and the Greeks in southern Italy.

SECTION 1: ROME’S

BEGINNINGS


Why was Rome so strong?› They had tough, disciplined

fighters.› They created a new way of

fighting, using legions.› They were smart planners.

They built settlements in places they conquered.

They built roads between these towns.

They treated conquered people well.

But they were forceful if they had to be.

SECTION 1: ROME’S

BEGINNINGS


*** Create a power outline for a paragraph describing how the Romans created a republic and conquered Italy, turning it into a great power.

SECTION 2: THE ROMAN

REPUBLIC

Today we will describe in writing the Roman republic and legal system, its impact on Ancient Romans and how it relates to government today

RECALL:*How were Romans treated under the Etruscan kings?

*What kind of government did they

form after they rebelled?

CONNECT:What are the 3 branches

of our government?

In early Rome, there were two social classes: patricians and plebeians.› Patricians were wealthy

landowners. They could hold public office.

› Plebeians were artisans, shopkeepers, and small farm owners.

› Both groups were ______and both groups paid taxes and served in the ______.

Which group do you think was bigger?

Who had more respect? Would they have been allowed to

marry?


REPUBLIC

Today we will describe the Roman republic and legal system, its impact on Ancient Romans and how it relates to government today.

Rome’s government had three parts:› A group who ran the

government› A group who made laws› A group who served as

judges Checks and balances

made sure no group became too powerful.


REPUBLIC


In the Roman Republic, the top officials were the consuls. › There were 2 consuls.› They were elected for 1 year

terms.› They could veto the other’s

decision.› Would it be difficult for a consul to

abuse their power? › Why would consuls be more likely to

make good decisions? Praetors interpreted the law and

acted as judges. The Senate was made of 300

patrician men who served for life.› At first they advised the Consuls.

Later they could make laws and hold debates.


REPUBLIC


In 494 B.C., the plebeians rebelled because ______.

They set up the Council of Plebs and elected a tribune to bring their concerns to the government.› The tribunes had the right to

veto government decisions. › Soon plebeians and

patricians were allowed to marry.

› In 287 B.C. , plebeians were allowed to make laws, too.


REPUBLIC


In the Roman Republic, a dictator ruled for a short period of time during an emergency.› What is a dictator today?› Cincinnatus was a well-known

dictator.


REPUBLIC


Rome’s first code of laws was The Twelve Tables. › Laws were not written down before this.

Plebeians demanded that laws be written down.› The laws were on display in the Forum. › This established the principle that all free

citizens had the right to be treated the same way by the law.

The Law of Nations was created to solve disputes between citizens and non-citizens. › Important ideas about laws:

Innocent until proven guilty People accused can defend

themselves to a judge A judge must use evidence before

making a decision.


REPUBLIC


› In your notes, list three important contributions the Romans made to ideas about law and government.

› Rank those in order of importance, with 1 being their most important contribution.

SECTION 2: THE ROMAN REPUBLIC

Today we will write a paragraph describing how Rome expanded its control throughout the Mediterranean.

Rome had conquered Italy, but it had a rival in the Mediterranean: Carthage, on the coast of __________.› Carthage had become wealthy

by controlling trade in northern Africa and southern Europe.

› Carthage and Rome both wanted to control ________.


The First Punic War, 264 B.C.› Carthage vs. Rome› Cause: Rome sent an army to

Sicily to prevent Carthage from taking it over. Carthaginians already had

colonies on the island and wanted to stop the invasion.

Rome realized it needed a navy, and built a large fleet.

› Effect: In 241, Rome won a naval battle. Carthage had to leave and pay Rome huge fines. Rome ruled Sicily (after 20 years!)




The Second Punic War› To make up for losing land,

Carthage expanded its empire into southern Spain. Rome was not happy, and helped the Spanish ___________.

› Carthage sent its greatest general, Hannibal, to attack Rome in 218 B.C., starting a war.

› Hannibal’s strategy was to take the fighting to Italy. He gathered a huge army, including many horses and 37 ______. What do you think of Hannibal’s

strategy? Predict the outcome!



Hannibal’s army lost many men and animals crossing the Alps into Italy because _____.› Cold, ______, and attacks by

mountain tribes killed almost half his soldiers.



Outcome:› Hannibal was still strong enough

to do damage to Rome’s army at the Battle of Cannae. His army raided much of Italy.

› The Romans raised another army. In 202 B.C., General Scipio invaded ___________.

› Hannibal had to return home to defend Carthage.

› Scipio beat Hannibal at the Battle of Zama. Carthage gave up _____ Carthage paid a huge fine to Rome. Rome now ruled the western

Mediterranean



Rome finally destroyed its rival in the Third Punic War. › They burned the city.› They enslaved 50,000 men,

women, and children.› They salted the land so _____.

Meanwhile, Rome also conquered Macedonia, Greece, and parts of Asia.› The Mediterranean became

known to Romans as “mare nostrum”, or __________.



Outline a power paragraph, describing the causes and outcomes of the Punic Wars. › Topic

First Punic War Cause Effect

Second Punic War Cause Effect

Third Punic War Cause Effect

› Conclusion


Today we will sequence the important events in the founding of Rome and the formation of the Republic by creating a cartoon strip.

The Rise of Rome› Choose the 8 events in Rome’s

early history that you think are most important, and sequence them in chronological order.

› On a piece of plain white paper, create a cartoon strip showing each of the events.

› Use dialogue or captions to describe what is happening.

› Write you name on the back. This will go on our outside

bulletin board, so do your best work!

SECTION 3: THE FALL OF THE REPUBLIC

Today we will describe how Julius Caesar seized power and made reforms by writing a cause and effect sentence.

Quickwrite:› What do you know about Julius

Caesar? › If you don’t know anything

about Caesar (yet), predict what will come next in Rome’s history. Flip back to your notes on The

Rise of Rome if you need to!



Predict: What do you think these plebeian farmers did?

Rome’s armies were victorious, but there was trouble at home.

Recall: What lands had Rome conquered?

What was mare nostrum? In the 100s B.C., Roman

farmers were poor and in debt.› Some hadn’t been able to farm

because ______________.› Others’ farms had been destroyed

by Hannibal’s troops.› They couldn’t compete with

Roman latifundia, giant farming estates worked by ____________.



Predict: What would the founders of Rome’s Republic think?

Farmers sold their farms and moved to Rome for work.

Jobs were ___________, and they became angry.

Some patricians wanted to reform Rome’s problems, and asked the Senate to give these men small farms. › These men were ________.

› Why would Senators refuse to give them land?



Analyze: What it take for Rome to become a great city again?

The Roman army began paying soldiers and offered them land. Generals became politicians to get land.

How would this change the way soldiers felt? Who would they be loyal to?

A general named Sulla named himself dictator and changed the government for the worse.› Sulla stepped down, hoping

Rome could become great again, but it led to __________.

› Other men saw what Sulla did and ___________.



In 60 B.C., Rome was ruled by a Triumvirate of rich military men: Crassus, Pompey, and Julius Caesar. › After defeating Gaul, Caesar

was very popular. › He marched back to Rome with

his 5,000 soldiers, starting a civil war.

› He beat Pompey in battle in 48 B.C. and declared himself ___________. What was the original purpose

of the position of dictator?



Predict: How did the people of Rome feel about Caesar?

Caesar made many reforms› He granted citizenship to

people.› He started new colonies to

provide land for the jobless and landless. Why would this solution make

both plebeians and patricians happy?

› He created a new calendar.



You decide: Were they right to kill Caesar ?

Many Romans supported Caesar for bringing peace and order to Rome.

His enemies thought he wanted to be king.› In 44 B.C., he was stabbed to

death on the steps of the Senate.



Wrap it up:› Choose the 2 most important

factors that led to Julius Caesar seizing power.

› Choose the 2 most important reforms Caesar made.

Complete the following sentences in your notes.› Julius Caesar was able to seize

power because _______________. › He made reforms by __________.

Be prepared to share!


Today we will explain in writing how Rome became an empire under Augustus.

Quickwrite: What is the difference between a republic and an empire?› Check your social studies

book’s glossary if you need a reminder!



After Caesar’s murder, there was a violent civil war in Rome between the men who killed Caesar and Octavian, Caesar’s grandnephew.› After defeating Caesar’s

murderers, Octavian formed the Second Triumvirate with Antony and Lepidus in 43 B.C.

› They began ________right away.› Octavian made Lepidus ______.› Octavian and Antony split the

Empire in half.



Antony fell in love with Cleopatra, the Egyptian queen.

Octavian told the Roman people that Antony was going to make himself the sole ruler with Cleopatra’s help. › The people were angry and

Octavian declared war on Antony.

› Octavian defeated Antony and Cleopatra’s forces at the Battle of Actium in 31 B.C. The couple fled to Egypt and

soon _______.



Octavian could have made himself dictator for life, but he knew the people of Rome wanted a republican government. › Cicero wrote about the need for

representative government with limited power. Many people read his works and agreed.

› Cicero supported Octavian, hoping he would restore the Republic.



In 27 B.C., Octavian announced he was bringing back the Republic. He named himself imperator, or emperor because _________.

He took the title Augustus, meaning “the revered or majestic one.”



Write a 1st person paragraph as Octavian, describing how you became Augustus. › Begin with the death of Caesar,

your great uncle.› Include the Second Triumvirate

and your battles with Antony.› Explain why you chose the

government you did, and what effect Cicero had on you.

› Include how you think the people of Rome might feel about you.

SECTION 4: THE EARLY EMPIRE

Today we will discuss Augustus’s achievements by writing and delivering a funeral speech for him.

Quickwrite: Based on what we learned yesterday about Augustus’s rise to power, what kind of ruler do you think he will be?› Predict what things he may do.› Predict how he may have died.



Augustus’s rule began a period called Pax Romana, or “_____________.”

When he became emperor in 27 B.C., Augustus wanted to make the empire ________.› He built a permanent,

professional army of 150,000 Roman citizens.

Why would it matter that they were paid? That they were Roman citizens?

› He created a special unit called the Praetorian Guard: 9,000 men in charge of __________.



Augustus’s legions added to Rome’s territory, conquering all of Spain and Gaul, Austria, Hungary, Romania, & Bulgaria.

Augustus rebuilt Rome with __________________.› “I found Rome a city of brick

and left it a city of marble.” Augustus imported food to

feed the poor. He knew a well-fed population would be _______________.



Augustus was responsible for the _______ people living in the Roman Empire.› He spent most of his reign

__________________..› He appointed a proconsul

(governor) for each of Rome’s provinces. He replaced the old officials who

had been chosen by the Senate. He frequently visited provinces

to ________________________.



He reformed the tax system.› Tax collectors became

government workers, so they didn’t ___________________.

He reformed the legal system.› He created laws for people in

the provinces who were not citizens.

› These people eventually became citizens, and all lived by the same laws.



Augustus died in 14 A.D. after ruling for 40 years. There was no law about ______________.› Augustus had trained a relative,

Claudius, to follow him.› The 3 emperors after Augustus

were from his family, but were not _________________. Caligula was strange and cruel. He

had people murdered, wasted money, and appointed his horse as consul. The Praetorian Guard killed him and made

Claudius emperor. Nero was vicious. He killed his

mother and wives. He is remembered for ___________________.



Imagine you were asked to speak at the funeral of Augustus about his many achievements in life.› Write a brief eulogy describing

what he accomplished in life.› For more information on

Octavian as a man, see p.289 in your book.

› Be prepared to share.


Today we will describe how Rome changed under “the Good Emperors” by listing and ordering their accomplishments.

After Nero killed himself, there was a period of disorder until Vespasian, one of his proconsuls, took over. › Why was there disorder after

his suicide? Vespasian ended many

rebellions in the empire and began building ____________.

After he died, his two sons Domitian and Titus ruled. During Titus’s rule, two disasters hit Rome: _______.



Which of these public building projects would have had the greatest impact on daily life for Romans?

At the beginning of 100 A.D. a period of peace and prosperity began under ______________: Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, and Marcus Aurelius.› Agriculture flourished, trade

increased, and the standard of living ________.

› Trajan gave money to poor parents to help them ________________.

› Antoninus Pius passed laws to help ____________.

› Hadrian made laws easier to understand and apply

› They all supported public building projects, like ____________________.



How would the diversity of languages and cultures affect the empire?

Emperors continued to conquer territory for Rome, but it soon became _____________.› Hadrian began to pull troops

out of Mesopotamia.› He built a wall ___________.› He set the northern

boundaries at the Rhine River and the Danube River.

› In the West, the empire spoke Latin. In the East, they spoke __________. The languages and customs of

the empire were different, but they were united by ____.



During the Pax Romana,› Rome had built an

extensive network of ____. How would this help the

Empire?› The Roman navy had rid

the Mediterranean of ___. How would this help trade?

› The Roman empire used a common _______.

How would this help trade?› The Romans created a

standard system of ______.

How would this help trade?



List the 5 most important changes under the “Good Emperors.”

Rank them from 1-5, with 1 being the most important change.

Chapter 9: Roman Civilization

In your notes, do a quick-write listing everything you know about Ancient Roman

life: art, culture, inventions, etc.

(If you don’t know much, write down some questions you have about Roman

civilization.

SECTION 1: LIFE IN ANCIENT ROM

E

Today we will describe cultural advancements of ancient Rome by illustrating them.

Romans admired Greece and borrowed many of their ideas, but ______________________.

Greeks loved to talk about ideas and philosophy, but Romans only liked ______________.

Think back to ancient Greece: How did Greek sculptors portray people?

SECTION 1: LIFE IN ANCIENT ROME


(A Roman colonnade in the Greek style

Roman Art:› Roman sculpture portrayed

people ______, wrinkles and all

Romans used Greek porches and columns, but added _____________.



The oculus of the Pantheon, a huge domed structure with an opening in the top

Roman builders were the first to perfect the ______. › Used it in bridges,

aqueducts, and buildings They build many arches

together to form a vault, or ________



How might this change Roman architecture and buildings?

Roman's were the first to invent concrete, out of volcanic ash, lime, and water › Where do you think they got

volcanic ash? When dry, it was hard as a rock Roman buildings could be taller

and ____________. The Colosseum (80 AD) and the

Pantheon (126 AD) are ________.



Roman Literature: Roman writers borrowed ideas

from ________. Virgil wrote the Aeneid, and

borrowed ideas from Homer's Odyssey.

Horace wrote satires about __________and odes expressing strong emotions about ______.

Ovid wrote stories based on Greek myths

Catullus wrote short poems about ______________.



History Roman historians recorded

important events in their history Livy wrote History of Rome in 10

BC, describing Rome's ___________.

Tacitus wrote a more negative view of Rome's history

Theater Romans loved plays with _____. Roman playwrights wrote

comedies for religious festivals, often based on ___________.



Choose 2 cultural advancements of the ancient Romans and illustrate them. › (Think architecture, literature,

theater, history, etc.)› Be prepared to share.


Today we will describe the lives of ancient Romans by writing a short, first-person narrative.

Daily Life in Rome Rome and other cities in its empire

were organized around a Forum, an __________.

Wealthy Romans lived in __________. The city of Rome was crowded,

noisy and dirty› People tossed garbage in the streets› Thieves prowled the streets› Families lived in 1 room apartments

Roman apartments were 6 stories high and often collapsed because _________.

Fires started easily and __________.



Families Families were large and included

______________________. The paterfamilias or “____________"

had complete control of the family› He punished children severely for _______.› He arranged their __________.› If they were wealthy, he made sure his

children were _________. Older girls studied reading and writing

at home, and ____________. Between 14 and 16, a Roman boy

celebrated _____________. › He burned his toys, put on a toga, and

___________________.



Women in Rome Women had some rights but were not

_________. Paterfamilias ran the family, but

________________. A woman's rights depended on ____.

› Wealthy women could own land, run businesses, and sell property

› They had slaves to work their houses, so they could study fashion, literature, art and go to the theater

Women with less money had less freedom. They spent their time _________.› They could shop, visit friends, go to

temples, and visit the Roman baths



Slaves Slaves worked in homes, fields, mines,

and workshops, They built roads, bridges, and aqueducts.

Many Greeks slaves were educated, and served as _______.

Life for most slaves was _________. › They were punished severely for

____________. Slaves often rebelled. In 73 BC, a slave rebellion was led by

Spartacus.› 70,000 slaves faced the Roman army and

_____. › 2 years later, they were defeated. › Spartacus and 6,000 of his men were

________.



Choose one of the following people and write a narrative diary entry about your day. › Wealthy woman› Wealthy man› Poor woman› Poor man› Slave

Be sure to describe what sorts of things you did, saw, and felt.


SECTION 2: THE FALL OF ROME

Today we will describe the factors contributing to Rome’s decline by outlining a power paragraph.

The Decline of Rome Review: Who were the 5 good

emperors? What did they do? In 180 AD, Marcus Aurelius

died.› His son Commodus became

_____. › Commodus was cruel and ______.› Instead of ruling Rome, he spent

his time _____________. › When an emperor's bodyguard

killed him, ___________________.



After Commodus died, a line of emperors called the Severans ruled Rome. › They spent their time putting down

rebellions and ______________.› They ignored the growing crime and

poverty in Rome. When the last Severan ruler died

in 235 AD, Rome's government became _______.› For 50 years, army generals fought

each other for the throne. › Rome was ruled by _____different

emperors. Review: What kinds of values did

Romans have during the Republic?



Few Romans honored the old Roman ideals of _________.

Since the government was full of corruption, many talented people _________.

Many wealthy people stopped ________.

Few people _________, and a huge part of Rome's population were __________.



Economic and Military Problems In the 200s AD, Rome's economy

began to _____. Government weakened, and law

and order broke down. Roman soldiers and invaders

_____. As the economy worsened,

people bought fewer goods. › Businesses closed. › Workers lost their jobs and had to

___. › A plague broke out, killing ______.

The value of money began to decrease, so people started ____.



Meanwhile, ______________. › In the west, Germanic tribes

raided Roman towns and farms. › In the east, Persian armies

pushed into the empire's territory.

Rome couldn't pay its own soldiers anymore, so they _____. › They were not loyal to _____.



Outline a power paragraph describing the 3 main factors contributing to the decline of Rome. › Topic

Reason 1 TMM

Reason 2 TMM

Reason 3 TMM

› Conclusion


Today we will sequence the 5 most important events in the fall of Rome.

Diocletian’s Reforms When Diocletian became

emperor, he thought it was ____.› He divided the empire into four

parts and ___________.› He kept authority over all of

Rome. He tried to boost the economy.

› He made rules setting prices of goods and wages for workers.

› He ordered people to ___________. Diocletian’s reforms failed

because ________________.



Diocletian retired in 305 A.D.› Another _____ became emperor in

312 A.D. › What do you think was happening

from 305-312 A.D.? Constantine tried to fix the

_____.› Sons of workers had to follow their

father’s trade.› Sons of farmers had to work the

land their fathers worked.› Sons of soldiers had to serve in

the army.› His reforms failed, so he

__________.



Constantine was Rome’s first Christian Emperor.› During battle, he saw a ________

that said “By this sign thou shall conquer.” He converted to ________. He gave new opportunities and

power to Christians. What had it been like up to this point

for Christians? He had many political and religious

successes, but his life was also ______.



The Fall of Rome After Constantine died in 337 AD,

there was more _______. › Theodosius became the next emperor.› He decided to ________after his death.› In 395 A.D., the Roman Empire split

into the Western Roman Empire and the Eastern Roman Empire. Rome was capitol of the West.

Constantinople was capitol of the East. Rome could no longer hold back the

Germanic tribes on its borders.› They were in search of _______.› They were attracted by Rome’s ______.› Many were fleeing Huns in Asia.



In the 300s, the Huns defeated the Ostrogoths. › The Visigoths asked the Eastern

Roman emperor for ________. › He let them settle within Rome’s

borders in exchange for _______.› They soon fought, and the

Visigoths rebelled, _______.› They realized Rome couldn’t

defend itself, and more tribes came in search of _______.



In 410 A.D., a Visigoth leader and his soldiers captured Rome, burned records, and emptied the treasury. › It was the first time Rome had

been conquered in ____ years!› The Vandals overran Spain and

northern Africa. Then they went to Italy, took

everything valuable, and ______. What modern word came from the

name of a Germanic tribe? What does it mean?



The Fall of the Empire In 476 A.D., a Germanic

general named Odoacer took control, over throwing the ______ emperor of the western empire. › He was the last emperor to rule

Rome. Historians mark this as the ______.

Odoacer ruled for 15 years. › He was killed by Visigoths, who

set up a kingdom in Italy under their king, Theodoric.

Germanic kingdoms ________.



In your notes, find the 5 most important events leading up to the fall of Rome.› On a half-sheet of paper, list the

events in chronological order.› Please summarize what we

discussed in class or explain it in your own words.


Today we will illustrate the legacy of Rome.

Roman Ideas and Government Today Roman ideas about law, which

were first put down in the _______, are still important today.› We believe all people are ______› We expect judges to decide cases ___› We consider a person innocent until

proven _____ Like the Romans, we believe a

republic made up of equal citizens is the best government

We believe citizens must do their duty and participate in government to ______________.



Roman Influence on Culture The alphabet of Latin is used

throughout the Western world today Latin shaped the languages of Italy,

France, Spain, Portugal, and Romania. Many English words come from Latin.

› ______________ use Latin phrases.› Every known plant and animal species is

classified by a Latin name. People still study and admire the

works of ancient Roman writers. Ancient Rome left a lasting mark on

buildings in the Western world.› We still use ________ for construction,

and many Roman architectural styles, especially in Washington D.C. and state capitals.



Christianity Today Christianity is one of the

most _______ world religions. It began during the Roman

Empire, and spread quickly when it was adopted by Rome's government in the 300s A.D.› Who was the first Christian

Roman emperor?



Without using words, create a collage or an image illustrating Rome's influence on the world today. › Be prepared to share!

SECTION 3: THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE

Today we will describe the rise of the Byzantine Empire.

The Eastern Roman Empire was also known as the Byzantine Empire. › It stretched from Italy in the west to

Arabia in the east and Egypt in the south.

By the 500s A.D., Constantinople was one of the world’s greatest cities. › When did Constantine make it the

new capital of the empire? › What was it called before he

renamed it?



It was successful in part because of its location on the waterways between the Black Sea and the Aegean Sea.› It’s harbors offered a safe shelter

for fishing boats, trading ships, and war boats.

It was located at the crossroads of trade routes between Europe and Asia.› Why would that be beneficial?



It was located on a peninsula, so Constantinople was easily defended.

Ocean on 3 sides and a great wall on the fourth protected them from attack.



In 10-15 words, describe the rise of the Byzantine Empire. › Be prepared to share!


Today we will illustrate the legacy of the Byzantine Empire.

Justinian was emperor of the Byzantine Empire from 527-565 A.D.

He was a strong leader, who controlled the military, made laws, and was a supreme ____. › No one could question his orders.› His wife, Empress Theodora, helped

run the empire. Write about it: Why do you

think Justinian was able to be a strong ruler when so many Roman emperors struggled to control the empire?



Theodora was intelligent and strong-willed.› She convinced Justinian to give

women more rights.› She helped Justinian choose _____.› She helped save Justinian’s ___.

When angry taxpayers stormed the palace to overthrow Justinian, his advisors urged him to leave Constantinople.

His wife urged him to _______. He crushed the uprising, restored

order, and strengthened his power. Write about it: How do you think

this strengthened Justinians power? What would you have done?



Justinian wanted to reunite the Roman Empire and bring back _______. › To do this, he had to conquer

Western Europe and northern Africa.

› He sent a general to lead the Byzantine army.

› The army used cavalry, or _______, instead of foot soldiers.

› The army quickly conquered most of Italy, northern Africa, and Persia.

Consider Rome’s fate, and predict what will happen next.



Justinian conquered too much too quickly. › When he died, the empire didn’t

have enough money to maintain an army large enough to _______.

Justinian thought the empire’s laws were disorganized and ___.› He ordered a group of legal

scholars to reform the law code. › The simplified laws became

known as Justinian’s Code. The Justinian Code has influenced

nearly every European country today.



The Byzantine Empire lasted for nearly 1,000 years. It had a great legacy:› They preserved and spread Greek

_____ and Roman _____.› They spread ______ in Eastern

Europe. › They became rich by trading.› Women gained many rights. › Learning was highly respected in

Byzantine culture. The government supported training

scholars and government officials.



Without using any words, create a picture illustrating the legacy of the Byzantine Empire.


Chapter 8: The Rise of Rome

Documents

Transcript of Chapter 8: The Rise of Rome