Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses...
-
Upload
nicholas-lloyd -
Category
Documents
-
view
218 -
download
2
Transcript of Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses...
![Page 1: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/56649e745503460f94b74de2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 8
A Tour of the Cell
![Page 2: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/56649e745503460f94b74de2/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
How can we see cells?
Light microscope– Uses light and lenses to magnify
Electron microscope– Uses beam of electrons– Gives a 3-D picture
Not a flashcard.
![Page 3: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/56649e745503460f94b74de2/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Electron vs. Light
What can you see without a microscope?
Not a flashcard.
![Page 4: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/56649e745503460f94b74de2/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Here are some pictures of cellsView the size of cells
Not a flashcard.
![Page 5: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/56649e745503460f94b74de2/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Cell TypesCell Types
Bone Cell
Muscle Cell
Nerve Cell
Cartilage Cell
Blood Cell
Small IntestineCell
Not a flashcard.
![Page 6: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/56649e745503460f94b74de2/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Discovery of the Cell
Made possible by the development of the microscope
Robert Hooke first used a microscope in 1665
Examined a thin slice of cork Found similar formations, “a great many little
boxes,” when looking at stems of trees, carrots, and ferns
Cells – named after the small rooms in which monks lived
![Page 7: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/56649e745503460f94b74de2/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Cork cells Not a flashcard.
![Page 8: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/56649e745503460f94b74de2/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Cell Theory
The 3 Parts to the Cell Theory:
All living things are composed of one or more cells
Cells are the basic units of life
All cells come from pre-existing cells
![Page 9: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/56649e745503460f94b74de2/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
There are 2 types of cells
ProkaryoticExample: bacteria
EukaryoticExamples: plant & animal
![Page 10: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/56649e745503460f94b74de2/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Which is Bigger?
Bacteria Cell Animal Cell Plant Cell
Small Bigger Biggest
Not a flashcard.
![Page 11: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/56649e745503460f94b74de2/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Cell Type: Prokaryotic
No true nucleus No organelles
with membranes
![Page 12: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/56649e745503460f94b74de2/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Cell Type: Eukaryotic
Has at least 1 true nucleus
Has organelles with membranes
![Page 13: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/56649e745503460f94b74de2/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
![Page 14: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/56649e745503460f94b74de2/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Why aren’t cells large?
As cell size , the surface area to volume ratio
Rates of chemical exchange may then be inadequate for cell size
Cell size, therefore, remains small
![Page 15: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/56649e745503460f94b74de2/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Cell Size
Not a flashcard.
![Page 16: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/56649e745503460f94b74de2/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Surface Area to Volume RatioNot a flashcard.
![Page 17: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/56649e745503460f94b74de2/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Unicellular vs. Multicellular
UnicellularMade of only ONE cell
or MulticellularMade of more than one cell
![Page 18: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/56649e745503460f94b74de2/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Organelles
There are 16 organelles I would like you to know.
Be able to label each of them and describe their functions.
Not a flashcard.
![Page 19: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/56649e745503460f94b74de2/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Cell Wall
Not in animal cells
Provides: protection shape support
![Page 20: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/56649e745503460f94b74de2/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Cell Membrane
Made of phospholipids Selectively permeable Maintains homeostasis
![Page 21: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/56649e745503460f94b74de2/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
The Cell Membrane…
Controls what enters and leaves the cell
Not a flashcard.
![Page 22: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/56649e745503460f94b74de2/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Cytoplasm
Clear fluid that surrounds the organelles
Jelly-like
![Page 23: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/56649e745503460f94b74de2/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The Cytoskeleton
Fibrous network in cytoplasm Provides support and maintains shape Made of microtubules
![Page 24: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/56649e745503460f94b74de2/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Nucleus
The cell’s control center
Contains DNA RNA is made here
![Page 25: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/56649e745503460f94b74de2/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Nucleolus
Inside the nucleus
Produces ribosomes
![Page 26: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/56649e745503460f94b74de2/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Mitochondria
Makes energy The more
mitochondria, the more energy the cell can produce! (muscle cells)
![Page 27: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/56649e745503460f94b74de2/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Endoplasmic Reticulum
A folded membrane attached to the nucleus
‘Intra-cellular highway’
![Page 28: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/56649e745503460f94b74de2/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Ribosomes
Small and ‘circular’ Assembles amino acids to make proteins
![Page 29: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/56649e745503460f94b74de2/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Vessicles
Small packages that transport proteins from the ER to the Golgi apparatus
![Page 30: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/56649e745503460f94b74de2/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Golgi Apparatus
Flattened sacs Packages proteins and lipids to leave the cell
![Page 31: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/56649e745503460f94b74de2/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Lysosomes
sacs of enzymes digests particles
![Page 32: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/56649e745503460f94b74de2/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Vacuoles
Stores food, enzymes, and waste
Plants: only 1 LARGE
![Page 33: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/56649e745503460f94b74de2/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Chloroplasts
Found only in plants Contains chlorophyll (green) Converts sunlight to useable energy
![Page 34: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/56649e745503460f94b74de2/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Elodea Cells Not a flashcard.
![Page 35: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/56649e745503460f94b74de2/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Centrioles
Used in cell replication; only in animal cells Pulls chromosomes apart
![Page 36: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/56649e745503460f94b74de2/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Cilia vs. Flagella
Locomotive appendages:
Cilia is short and hairlike (large #’s)
Flagella is longer and whiplike (small #’s)
![Page 37: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/56649e745503460f94b74de2/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Real Pictures of Cilia
Cilia
Not a flashcard.
![Page 38: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/56649e745503460f94b74de2/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
It’s all connected! Not a flashcard.
![Page 39: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/56649e745503460f94b74de2/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Difference Between Plant & Animal Cells
Plant Cells Have: A Cell wall Chloroplasts Larger vacuole No centrioles
![Page 40: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/56649e745503460f94b74de2/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
A Plant Cell Not a flashcard.
![Page 41: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/56649e745503460f94b74de2/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
A Real Plant Cell Not a flashcard.
![Page 42: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/56649e745503460f94b74de2/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Another Plant Cell
Important Info!
Not a flashcard.
![Page 43: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/56649e745503460f94b74de2/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
An Animal Cell Not a flashcard.
![Page 44: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/56649e745503460f94b74de2/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Another Animal Cell Not a flashcard.
![Page 45: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/56649e745503460f94b74de2/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Cell Cheer!
![Page 46: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/56649e745503460f94b74de2/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
The End!
See you soon!