Chapter 7 Transmission Media - WIUfaculty.wiu.edu/Y-Kim2/NET321F13ch7.pdf · 7.11 Coaxial Cable...
Transcript of Chapter 7 Transmission Media - WIUfaculty.wiu.edu/Y-Kim2/NET321F13ch7.pdf · 7.11 Coaxial Cable...
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Chapter 7
Transmission Media
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7.2
INTRODUCTION
Transmission media are
- located below the physical layer
- are directly controlled by the physical
layer.
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7.3
Transmission media and physical layer
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7.4
Classes of transmission media
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7.5
GUIDED MEDIA
- provide a conduit from one device to
another, include twisted-pair cable,
coaxial cable, and fiber-optic cable
- A signal traveling along any of these
media is directed and contained by the
physical limits of the medium.
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7.6
Twisted-Pair Cable
- consists of two conductors (normally copper),
each with its own plastic insulation, twisted
together
- One of the wires is used to carry signals to the
receiver, and the other is used only as a ground
reference.
- In addition to the signal sent by the sender on
one of the wires, interference (noise) and
crosstalk may affect both wires and create
unwanted signals
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7.7
Twisted-pair cable
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7.8
UTP and STP cables
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Unshielded twisted-pair cables
7.9
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7.10
UTP Connectors
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7.11
Coaxial Cable
- carries signals of higher frequency ranges than
those in twisted pair cable, in part because the
two media are constructed quite differently.
- coax has a central core conductor of solid or
stranded wire (usually copper) enclosed in an
insulating sheath, which is, in turn, encased in
an outer conductor of metal foil, braid, or a
combination of the two.
- The outer metallic wrapping serves both as a
shield against noise and as the second
conductor, which completes the circuit.
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7.12
Coaxial cable
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coaxial cables
7.13
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7.14
BNC connectors
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7.15
Fiber-Optic Cable
- is made of glass or plastic and transmits signals
in the form of light
- Light travels in a straight line as long as it is
moving through a single uniform substance.
- If a ray of light traveling through one substance
suddenly enters another substance (of a
different density), the ray changes direction.
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7.16
Bending of light ray
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7.17
Optical fiber
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7.18
Propagation modes
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7.19
Modes
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Fiber types
7.20
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7.21
Fiber connection
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7.22
Fiber-optic cable connector
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7.23
UNGUIDED MEDIA
- transport waves without using a physical
conductor
- This type of communication is often
referred to as wireless communication.
- Signals are normally broadcast through
free space and thus are available to
anyone who has a device capable of
receiving them.
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7.24
Electromagnetic spectrum for wireless
communication
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7.25
Propagation methods
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Bands
7.26
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7.27
Radio Waves
- electromagnetic waves ranging in frequencies
between 3 kHz and 1 GHz are normally called
radio waves
- waves ranging in frequencies between 1 and 300
GHz are called microwaves.
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7.28
Omnidirectional antenna
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7.29
Microwaves
- having frequencies between 1 and 300 GHz
- unidirectional. When an antenna transmits
microwaves
- the sending and receiving antennas need to be
aligned.
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7.30
Unidirectional antenna
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7.31
Infrared
- frequencies from 300 GHz to 400 THz
(wavelengths from 1 mm to 770 nm)
- can be used for short-range communication
- Infrared waves, having high frequencies,
cannot penetrate walls.