CHAPTER 7 (Form 5)
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Transcript of CHAPTER 7 (Form 5)
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CHAPTER 7
SYNTHETIC MATERIALS ININDUSTRY
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Synthetic polymers
Chemical compounds that contain long-chainedmolecules of monomers.
Known as artificial polymers
Man-made polymers made up of chemicalsubstances from petroleum.
Used to make a wide range of products includingcomputers, fabrics, toys, furniture and electrical
parts.
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Can be clasified into;
1) Elastomers
2) Thermoplastic
3) Thermoset.
Thermoplastic and thermosets are plastics.
Synthetic polymers and their uses; Plastic- used in manufacturing industries of plastic
product.
Synthetic rubber- contain properties similar to a
natural rubber. Examples= neoprene, Styrene butadiene rubber
SBR
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Synthetic rubber is mostly used to make vehiclestyre.
Synthetic fibre is a type of polymer that hasproperties similar to natural fibre.
Example= nylon, terylene
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Synthetic rubber Properties Product
neoprene Does not burn
easily,high
restance to
oxygen, sunlight
Gloves, rubber
pipes
Styrene
butadiene rubber
(SBR)
Can be
vulcanised easily
Car tyres, shoe
sole
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Plastics
A type of synthetic polymer
Can be moulded and designed into various
products when heated up
An organic material that consists of carbon,hydrogen and a few other elements such as
oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine and flourine.
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Types of plastics
Two main types;1. Thermoplastic
2. Thermoset
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Thermoplastic
Thermoplastic molecules do not have cross
linkage between their polymers.
When heated up their polymer chains glide easilyonto each other.
This property makes thermoplastic a materialthat easily softens or melts and can beremoulded,
Therefore, thermoplastic can be easily recycled.
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Polymer chains in
thermoplastic
Examples; Polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, perspex and
polythene
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Properties
Good insulator
Stretchable and
Burned easily
Low melting point
Dissolve in organicsolvent
Resistant to chemical
substances
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Thermoset
Thermoset molecules have cross linkagesbetween their polymers
These cross linkage prevent polymer chain
from gliding onto each other when heated. Can be moulded only once.
Examples of thermosets are bakelite,melamine.
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Exercise
Classify the following products as thermoplasticor thermoset;
Battery box, hanger, chair, water pipe,
electric plug, milk bottle, electrical switch.
Plastic
product
Thermoplastic Thermoset
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Potential uses of plastic
Plastic properties such as resistance to corrosion,hot hazardous to the body, clean, long lasting,
strong and can be produced in various shape are
the reasons why it is widely used in various field.
Hundreds of different plastics have been created
to replace metals, paper, wood and stone, glass
and ceramics.
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Plastic used in medical
fielda) Replace faulty heart arteries and valves.
b) Replaced damaged bones
c) To make thread to stitch wounds and tomake medicine capsules
d) Rebuild facial structure
e) To make camera pills to snap pictures ofinternal organs.
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Car parts are made of plastics such asbumpers, windscreen, steering, petrol cover,
and fan. Plastic are also used to make pans of cars and
aircraft and also bulletproof glass.
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Effect of plastic waste
disposal on the environment Burning of plastic products
Release pollutants that threaten health and theseinclude;
black smoke
Smelly and poisonous gases, corrosive gases thatinclude hydrogen chloride, carbonmonoxide,ammonia and hydrogen cyanide
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Disposal of plastic products
Cause flash floods during heavy rain.
Plastic bags that are thrown into the sea will
cause pollution
Sea creatures like turtles will die when theyswallow plastic products
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Ways to control plastic
disposal1) Use biodegradable plastic that can be degrade bymicroorganism
2) Recycling plastic product
3) Reused tyres as artificial reefs, that will providebreeding space for marine lifes
4) Burn plastic waste in incinerator
5) Plastic waste materials can be collected, crushed andburied in a special dumping ground
6) Use photodegradation plastic.
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What can you do to help?
Choose products with minimal packaging
Reduce the need to throw away plastic.
Reuse plastic to carry things
Donate toys to charity
Sort garbage according to categories.