Chapter 7

© Prentice Hall, 2004 Business In Action 2e Chapter 7 - 1

Organizing and Organizing and Working in TeamsWorking in Teams


EffectiveEffectiveOrganization StructureOrganization Structure

CoordinateCoordinateand Control Workand Control Work

CoordinateCoordinateand Control Workand Control Work

DivideDivideResponsibilitiesResponsibilities

DivideDivideResponsibilitiesResponsibilities

PromotePromoteAccountabilityAccountability

PromotePromoteAccountabilityAccountability

DistributeDistributeAuthorityAuthority

DistributeDistributeAuthorityAuthority


Organization ChartOrganization Chart

Vertical OrganizationVertical Organization

Ch

ain

of

Co

mm

and

Ch

ain

of

Co

mm

and

Wo

rk S

pe

cializa

tion

Wo

rk S

pe

cializa

tion

FormalFormalOrganizationOrganization

FormalFormalOrganizationOrganization

InformalInformalOrganizationOrganization

InformalInformalOrganizationOrganization

Horizontal CoordinationHorizontal Coordination


Organization Chart for Food Lion Grocery Organization Chart for Food Lion Grocery ChainChain

Board of DirectorsBoard of Directors

President & CEOChairperson

President & CEOChairperson

VP Human ResourcesVP Human Resources

Senior VPOperationsSenior VPOperations

VPMISVPMIS

VPFinance

VPFinance

VP Special Projects

VP Special Projects

VPMarketing

VPMarketing

VPAdvertising

VPAdvertising

VP Store PlanningVP Store Planning

Regional SupervisorsRegional

Supervisors

Area Supervisors

Area Supervisors

Regional OperationsRegional

Operations

Area Supervisors

Area Supervisors

Regional OperationsRegional

Operations

Area Supervisors

Area Supervisors

VP Grocery OperationsVP Grocery Operations

VP Perishable Operations

VP Perishable Operations

VP Bakery OperationsVP Bakery Operations


Work SpecializationWork Specialization

AdvantagesAdvantagesAdvantagesAdvantages DisadvantagesDisadvantagesDisadvantagesDisadvantages

EfficiencyEfficiencyEfficiencyEfficiency BoredomBoredomBoredomBoredom

ProductivityProductivityProductivityProductivity AlienationAlienationAlienationAlienation


Chain of Chain of CommandCommand

ResponsibilityResponsibility

AccountabilityAccountability

AuthorityAuthority

DelegationDelegation


Simplified Line-and-Staff StructureSimplified Line-and-Staff Structure

PresidentPresident

VPProduction

VPProduction

VP Marketing

VP Marketing

VPFinance

VPFinance

Legal DepartmentLegal Department

Human Resources Department

Human Resources Department

Head of Accounting Department

Head of Accounting Department

National Sales

Manager

National Sales

Manager

LineLine

StaffStaff


GeneralGeneral

ColonelsColonels

MajorsMajors

Captains,Captains,LieutenantsLieutenants

Warrant Warrant OfficersOfficers

SergeantsSergeants

CorporalsCorporals

PrivatesPrivates

United States ArmyUnited States Army

Span of ManagementSpan of Management

PopePope

CardinalsCardinals

Archbishops,Archbishops,BishopsBishops

PriestsPriests

Roman Catholic ChurchRoman Catholic Church


Decentralized Decentralized CentralizedCentralized

Decision-Making AuthorityDecision-Making Authority

Top-LevelTop-LevelManagementManagement

Rich Rich ExperienceExperience

BroadBroadVisionVision

Lower-LevelLower-LevelManagementManagement

MoreMoreResponsiveResponsive

FasterFasterDecisionsDecisions


Vertical OrganizationsVertical Organizations

NetworkNetworkNetworkNetwork MatrixMatrixMatrixMatrix

DivisionDivisionDivisionDivisionFunctionFunctionFunctionFunction


DepartmentalizationDepartmentalizationby Functionby Function

SkillsSkillsSkillsSkills ResourceResourceUseUse

ResourceResourceUseUse ExpertiseExpertiseExpertiseExpertise


Functional Functional DepartmentsDepartments

DisadvantagesDisadvantages

•Departmental BarriersDepartmental Barriers

•Slow Response TimeSlow Response Time

•Ineffective PlanningIneffective Planning

•Over-specializationOver-specialization

AdvantagesAdvantages

•Resource AllocationResource Allocation

•Unified DirectionUnified Direction

•Improved CoordinationImproved Coordination

•Better CommunicationBetter Communication


ProcessesProcessesProductsProducts

GeographyGeography CustomersCustomers

DepartmentalizationDepartmentalizationby Divisionby Division


DepartmentalizationDepartmentalizationby Divisionby Division

AdvantagesAdvantages DisadvantagesDisadvantages

FlexibilityFlexibility

Better ServiceBetter Service

Management FocusManagement Focus

Wasting ResourcesWasting Resources

Poor CoordinationPoor Coordination

CompetitionCompetition


Departmentalization by MatrixDepartmentalization by Matrix

PUBLISHERPUBLISHER

Book Team AManager

Book Team AManager

Book Team BManager

Book Team BManager

EditorialManagerEditorialManager

ProductionManager

ProductionManager

DesignManagerDesign

Manager

Editor AEditor A ProductionEditor A

ProductionEditor A Designer ADesigner A

Editor BEditor B ProductionEditor B

ProductionEditor B Designer BDesigner B


DepartmentalizationDepartmentalizationby Networkby Network

AdvantagesAdvantages DisadvantagesDisadvantages

FlexibilityFlexibility

ResponsivenessResponsiveness

VarietyVariety

Dispersed FunctionsDispersed Functions

Quality ControlQuality Control

Employee LoyaltyEmployee Loyalty


Innovative Innovative StructuresStructures

HorizontalHorizontalOrganizationOrganization

HorizontalHorizontalOrganizationOrganization

HybridHybridOrganizationOrganization

HybridHybridOrganizationOrganization


Shared Information

Neutral

Individual

Random or Varied

Goal

Synergy

Responsibility

Skills

Shared Mission

Positive

Individual and Mutual

Complementary

Work GroupsWork Groups Work TeamsWork Teams

Comparing Work Groups and Work Teams


Workplace TeamsWorkplace Teams

Problem-Solving

Self-Managed

Functional


Types of Cross-Types of Cross-Functional TeamsFunctional Teams

• Circles

• Task forces

• Committees

• Special purpose


Virtual TeamsVirtual Teams

Project-management skills

Time-management skills

Technological expertise

Cross-cultural skills

Interpersonal awareness


Working in TeamsWorking in Teams

AdvantagesAdvantages

Higher-quality decisions

Improved commitment

Creativity & motivation

Flexibility

DisadvantagesDisadvantages

Power realignment

Free riders

Increased costs

Groupthink


Characteristics Characteristics of Effective Teamsof Effective Teams

• Appropriate size and structure

• Clear sense of purpose

• Open honest communication

• Creative thinking

• Focused efforts

• Decision by consensus


Member Social BehaviorLow High

Team Member RolesTeam Member Roles

Task SpecialistTask SpecialistRoleRole

Dual RoleDual Role

SocioemotionalSocioemotionalRoleRole

NonparticipatorNonparticipatorRoleRoleM

em

be

r T

ask

Be

ha

vio

rHigh

Low


Five Stages of Team Five Stages of Team DevelopmentDevelopment

• Forming

• Storming

• Norming

• Performing

• Adjourning


Stages of DevelopmentStages of Development

CohesivenessCohesiveness

Meeting attendance

Interaction

Work quality

Goal achievement

NormsNorms

Behavior

Limits

Values

Expectations


Team ConflictTeam Conflict

• Competition for scarce resources

• Responsibility issues

• Poor communication

• Values, attitudes, and personalities

• Authority issues

• Goal incompatibility


PreventionPreventionPreventionPreventionResolutionResolutionResolutionResolution

Dealing With ConflictDealing With Conflict

ConfrontationConfrontationConfrontationConfrontation

DiffusionDiffusionDiffusionDiffusion

Well-Defined TasksWell-Defined TasksWell-Defined TasksWell-Defined Tasks

CommunicationCommunicationCommunicationCommunication

AvoidanceAvoidanceAvoidanceAvoidance Clear GoalsClear GoalsClear GoalsClear Goals

Chapter 7

Business

Transcript of Chapter 7