Chapter 6 – The Skeletal System: Axial Division

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The Cranial Bones and Features

The Facial Bones and Features

Surface Features of

the Skull

The Vertebrae

The Thoracic Cage

FINAL ROUND

Topic 1:

$100 Question

Which cranial bone contributes to partially form the walls of the jugular foramen?

a. sphenoid

b. temporal

c. mandible

d. None of the above.

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 1:

$100 Answer

Which cranial bone contributes to partially form the walls of the jugular foramen?

a. sphenoid

b. temporal

c. mandible

d. None of the above.

BACK TO GAME

Topic 1:

$200 Question

Which structure is found immediately posterior and lateral to the mandibular fossa?

a. squamous portion of temporal bone

b. tympanic portion of temporal bone

c. temporal process of temporal bone

d. mastoid process of temporal boneBACK TO GAMEANSWER

Topic 1:

$200 Answer

Which structure is found immediately posterior and lateral to the mandibular fossa?

a. squamous portion of temporal bone

b. tympanic portion of temporal bone

c. temporal process of temporal bone

d. mastoid process of temporal boneBACK TO GAME

Topic 1:

$300 Question

Which of the following structures is/are not part of the sphenoid bone?

a. anterior clinoid process

b. cribriform plate

c. dorsum sellae

d. pterygoid processes

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ANSWER

Topic 1:

$300 Answer

Which of the following structures is/are not part of the sphenoid bone?

a. anterior clinoid process

b. cribriform plate

c. dorsum sellae

d. pterygoid processes

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Topic 1:

$400 Question

Regarding the sella turcica, which structure extends laterally on either side of the dorsum sellae?

a. tuberculum sellae

b. anterior clinoid process

c. pterygoid process

d. posterior clinoid processBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 1:

$400 Answer

Regarding the sella turcica, which structure extends laterally on either side of the dorsum sellae?

a. tuberculum sellae

b. anterior clinoid process

c. pterygoid process

d. posterior clinoid processBACK TO GAME

Topic 1:

$500 Question

Which of the following statements regarding the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone is incorrect?

a. It forms part of the nasal septum, a partition which also includes the vomer and a piece of hyaline cartilage.

b. Olfactory receptors are located in the epithelium covering the inferior portion of the perpendicular plate.

c. The nasal conchae project into the nasal cavity on either side of the perpendicular plate.

d. None of the above.BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 1:

$500 Answer

Which of the following statements regarding the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone is incorrect?

a. It forms part of the nasal septum, a partition which also includes the vomer and a piece of hyaline cartilage.

b. Olfactory receptors are located in the epithelium covering the inferior portion of the perpendicular plate.

c. The nasal conchae project into the nasal cavity on either side of the perpendicular plate.

d. None of the above.BACK TO GAME

Topic 2:

$100 Question

Which facial bone bears a mylohyoid line that lies on the medial aspect of its body, which marks the origin of the mylohyoid muscle?

a. palatine

b. maxilla

c. vomer

d. mandibleBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 2:

$100 Answer

Which facial bone bears a mylohyoid line that lies on the medial aspect of its body, which marks the origin of the mylohyoid muscle?

a. palatine

b. maxilla

c. vomer

d. mandibleBACK TO GAME

Topic 2:

$200 Question

Which maxillary feature penetrates the orbital rim, marking the path of a major sensory nerve from the face?

a. inferior orbital fissure

b. infra-orbital foramen

c. infra-orbital groove

d. supra-orbital foramen

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ANSWER

Topic 2:

$200 Answer

Which maxillary feature penetrates the orbital rim, marking the path of a major sensory nerve from the face?

a. inferior orbital fissure

b. infra-orbital foramen

c. infra-orbital groove

d. supra-orbital foramen

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Topic 2:

$300 Question

Which structures form the superior wall of the nasal cavities?

a. frontal, vomer, and ethmoid

b. vomer, sphenoid, and ethmoid

c. inferior nasal conchae, frontal, and ethmoid

d. frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoidBACK TO GAMEANSWER

Topic 2:

$300 Answer

Which structures form the superior wall of the nasal cavities?

a. frontal, vomer, and ethmoid

b. vomer, sphenoid, and ethmoid

c. inferior nasal conchae, frontal, and ethmoid

d. frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoidBACK TO GAME

Topic 2:

$400 Question

Which of the following does not accurately describe the paranasal sinuses?

a. They function to lighten skull bones, produce mucus, and resonate during sound production.

b. They are present in the frontal bone, sphenoid, ethmoid, and inferior nasal conchae.

c. Ciliated epithelium passes mucus from the paranasal sinuses back toward the throat.

d. Incoming air is humidified and warmed as it flows across the mucus “carpet.”

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 2:

$400 Answer

Which of the following does not accurately describe the paranasal sinuses?

a. They function to lighten skull bones, produce mucus, and resonate during sound production.

b. They are present in the frontal bone, sphenoid, ethmoid, and inferior nasal conchae.

c. Ciliated epithelium passes mucus from the paranasal sinuses back toward the throat.

d. Incoming air is humidified and warmed as it flows across the mucus “carpet.”

BACK TO GAME

Topic 2:

$500 Question

Which of the following statements regarding the palatine bones is incorrect?

a. The nasal crest, a ridge that forms where the left and right palatine bones interconnect, marks the articulation with the maxillae.

b. The perpendicular plate of the palatine bone articulates with the maxillae, sphenoid, ethmoid, and inferior nasal conchae.

c. The medial surface of the perpendicular plate of the palatine bones has two ridges: the conchal crest and the ethmoidal crest.

d. None of the above.BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 2:

$500 Answer

Which of the following statements regarding the palatine bones is incorrect?

a. The nasal crest, a ridge that forms where the left and right palatine bones interconnect, marks the articulation with the maxillae.

b. The perpendicular plate of the palatine bone articulates with the maxillae, sphenoid, ethmoid, and inferior nasal conchae.

c. The medial surface of the perpendicular plate of the palatine bones has two ridges: the conchal crest and the ethmoidal crest.

d. None of the above.BACK TO GAME

Topic 3:

$100 Question

Which of the following structures is/are supported by the posterior cranial fossae?

a. cerebellum

b. occipital lobes of cerebral hemispheres

c. medulla oblongata

d. All of the above.

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 3:

$100 Answer

Which of the following structures is/are supported by the posterior cranial fossae?

a. cerebellum

b. occipital lobes of cerebral hemispheres

c. medulla oblongata

d. All of the above.

BACK TO GAME

Topic 3:

$200 Question

Which bone has an area on its superior surface which has openings that allow for the passage of branches of the olfactory nerves?

a. ethmoid

b. sphenoid

c. nasal

d. frontalBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 3:

$200 Answer

Which bone has an area on its superior surface which has openings that allow for the passage of branches of the olfactory nerves?

a. ethmoid

b. sphenoid

c. nasal

d. frontalBACK TO GAME

Topic 3:

$300 Question

Which of the following bones articulate with the zygomatic bones?

a. frontal, ethmoid, and maxillae

b. temporal, ethmoid, and inferior nasal conchae

c. frontal, temporal, sphenoid, and maxillae

d. frontal, temporal, ethmoid, and maxillae

BACK TO GAMEANSWER

Topic 3:

$300 Answer

Which of the following bones articulate with the zygomatic bones?

a. frontal, ethmoid, and maxillae

b. temporal, ethmoid, and inferior nasal conchae

c. frontal, temporal, sphenoid, and maxillae

d. frontal, temporal, ethmoid, and maxillae

BACK TO GAME

Topic 3:

$400 Question

Which of the following is/are considered to be “internal” structures?

a. the sella turcica

b. the anterior and posterior clinoid processes

c. the optic groove

d. B and C BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 3:

$400 Answer

Which of the following is/are considered to be “internal” structures?

a. the sella turcica

b. the anterior and posterior clinoid processes

c. the optic groove

d. B and CBACK TO GAME

Topic 3:

$500 Question

Which of the following statements is false?

a. The foramen spinosum of the sphenoid functions as a passageway for vessels to membranes around the brain.

b. The foramen ovale of the sphenoid bone functions as a passageway for nerves that control jaw movement.

c. The foramen rotundum functions as a passageway for nerves that control eye movements.

d. None of the above.BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 3:

$500 Answer

Which of the following statements is false?

a. The foramen spinosum of the sphenoid functions as a passageway for vessels to membranes around the brain.

b. The foramen ovale of the sphenoid bone functions as a passageway for nerves that control jaw movement.

c. The foramen rotundum functions as a passageway for nerves that control eye movements.

d. None of the above.BACK TO GAME

Topic 4:

$100 Question

When people stand, holding a heavy object, which spinal curve is exaggerated, to prevent toppling forward?

a. thoracic

b. sacral

c. lumbar

d. cervical

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 4:

$100 Answer

When people stand, holding a heavy object, which spinal curve is exaggerated, to prevent toppling forward?

a. thoracic

b. sacral

c. lumbar

d. cervical

BACK TO GAME

Topic 4:

$200 Question

Which of the following vertebrae has the largest vertebral foramen of any vertebra?

a. Atlas (C1)

b. Axis (C2)

c. L5

d. S1

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 4:

$200 Answer

Which of the following vertebrae has the largest vertebral foramen of any vertebra?

a. Atlas (C1)

b. Axis (C2)

c. L5

d. S1

BACK TO GAME

Topic 4:

$300 Question

Which of the following statements is false regarding lumbar vertebrae?

a. Lumbar vertebrae have blunt, spinous processes, with broad tips that point posteriorly.

b. Lumbar vertebrae have massive, oval, flat faces on the vertebral bodies.

c. The transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae are short, and they have no articular facets or transverse foramina.

d. Lumbar vertebrae have the largest of the vertebral foramina among the vertebral regions.

BACK TO GAMEANSWER

Topic 4:

$300 Answer

Which of the following statements is false regarding lumbar vertebrae?

a. Lumbar vertebrae have blunt, spinous processes, with broad tips that point posteriorly.

b. Lumbar vertebrae have massive, oval, flat faces on the vertebral bodies.

c. The transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae are short, and they have no articular facets or transverse foramina.

d. Lumbar vertebrae have the largest of the vertebral foramina among the vertebral regions.

BACK TO GAME

Topic 4:

$400 Question

Which of the following statements regarding spinal curves is correct?

a. The lumbar and cervical curves appear late in fetal development.

b. All four curves are fully developed by the time a child is ten years old.

c. The vertebral column in newborns is “S”-shaped due to the primary curves.

d. Thoracic and sacral curves do not appear until several months after birth.

BACK TO GAMEANSWER

Topic 4:

$400 Answer

Which of the following statements regarding spinal curves is correct?

a. The lumbar and cervical curves appear late in fetal development.

b. All four curves are fully developed by the time a child is ten years old.

c. The vertebral column in newborns is “S”-shaped due to the primary curves.

d. Thoracic and sacral curves do not appear until several months after birth.

BACK TO GAME

Topic 4:

$500 Question

Which of the following does not accurately describe lumbar vertebrae?

a. The body of a typical lumbar vertebra is thicker than that of a thoracic vertebra.

b. The transverse processes are slender and project dorsolaterally.

c. The superior and inferior surfaces of the body are heart-shaped, rather than oval.

d. The stumpy spinous process projects dorsally.

BACK TO GAMEANSWER

Topic 4:

$500 Answer

Which of the following does not accurately describe lumbar vertebrae?

a. The body of a typical lumbar vertebra is thicker than that of a thoracic vertebra.

b. The transverse processes are slender and project dorsolaterally.

c. The superior and inferior surfaces of the body are heart-shaped, rather than oval.

d. The stumpy spinous process projects dorsally.

BACK TO GAME

Topic 5:

$100 Question

Which of the following are considered “false ribs” or vertebrochondral ribs, because they do not attach directly to the sternum?

a. Ribs 10-12

b. Ribs 9-10

c. Ribs 8-10

d. Ribs 8-12 BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 5:

$100 Answer

Which of the following are considered “false ribs” or vertebrochondral ribs, because they do not attach directly to the sternum?

a. Ribs 10-12

b. Ribs 9-10

c. Ribs 8-10

d. Ribs 8-12 BACK TO GAME

Topic 5:

$200 Question

Which portion of ribs 1-10 contacts the transverse process of a thoracic vertebra?

a. the inferior portion of the tubercle, via an articular facet

b. the costal groove along the inferior border

c. the capitulum

d. the superior portion of the tubercle, via an articular facet

BACK TO GAMEANSWER

Topic 5:

$200 Answer

Which portion of ribs 1-10 contacts the transverse process of a thoracic vertebra?

a. the inferior portion of the tubercle, via an articular facet

b. the costal groove along the inferior border

c. the capitulum

d. the superior portion of the tubercle, via an articular facet

BACK TO GAME

Topic 5:

$300 Question

Which muscles attach to the xiphoid process?

a. diaphragm and rectus abdominis

b. diaphragm, rectus abdominis, and external oblique muscles

c. rectus abdominis and external oblique muscles

d. diaphragm, rectus abdominis, and transverse abdominis

BACK TO GAMEANSWER

Topic 5:

$300 Answer

Which muscles attach to the xiphoid process?

a. diaphragm and rectus abdominis

b. diaphragm, rectus abdominis, and external oblique muscles

c. rectus abdominis and external oblique muscles

d. diaphragm, rectus abdominis, and transverse abdominis

BACK TO GAME

Topic 5:

$400 Question

Which of the following statements concerning the ribs is false?

a. The capitulum of each rib articulates with the body of a thoracic vertebra, or between adjacent vertebral bodies.

b. The inferior portion of the tubercle, or tuberculum of each rib, contains an articular facet that contacts the transverse process of the thoracic vertebra with which it is associated.

c. Ribs 1-7 originate at costal facets on the bodies of vertebrae 1-7, and their tubercular facets articulate with the transverse costal facets of their respective vertebrae.

d. None of the above.BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 5:

$400 Answer

Which of the following statements concerning the ribs is false?

a. The capitulum of each rib articulates with the body of a thoracic vertebra, or between adjacent vertebral bodies.

b. The inferior portion of the tubercle, or tuberculum of each rib, contains an articular facet that contacts the transverse process of the thoracic vertebra with which it is associated.

c. Ribs 1-7 originate at costal facets on the bodies of vertebrae 1-7, and their tubercular facets articulate with the transverse costal facets of their respective vertebrae.

d. None of the above.BACK TO GAME

Topic 5:

$500 Question

Which structure marks the path of nerves and blood vessels in the thoracic cage?

a. the interarticular crest on the ribs

b. the jugular notch on the manubrium

c. the costal grooves on the superior border of ribs

d. the costal grooves on the inferior border of ribs

BACK TO GAMEANSWER

Topic 5:

$500 Answer

Which structure marks the path of nerves and blood vessels in the thoracic cage?

a. the interarticular crest on the ribs

b. the jugular notch on the manubrium

c. the costal grooves on the superior border of ribs

d. the costal grooves on the inferior border of ribs

BACK TO GAME

FINAL ROUND Question

Which of the following does not accurately describe the anatomical landmarks of the temporal bone?

a. Medially, the jugular fossa is bounded by the temporal and occipital bone.

b. Anterior and slightly medial to the jugular foramen is the entrance to the carotid canal.

c. Anterior and slightly lateral to the carotid canal, the foramen lacerum extends between the occipital and temporal bones.

d. The stylomastoid foramen lies posterior to the base of the styloid process.

BACK TO GAMEANSWER

FINAL ROUND Answer

Which of the following does not accurately describe the anatomical landmarks of the temporal bone?

a. Medially, the jugular fossa is bounded by the temporal and occipital bone.

b. Anterior and slightly medial to the jugular foramen is the entrance to the carotid canal.

c. Anterior and slightly lateral to the carotid canal, the foramen lacerum extends between the occipital and temporal bones.

d. The stylomastoid foramen lies posterior to the base of the styloid process.

BACK TO GAME