Chapter 6 The American Revolution

Essex Ag. Tech High School - U.S. IEssex Ag. Tech High School - U.S. I

The American The American RevolutionRevolution

Chapter 6Chapter 6

pp. 166 - 197pp. 166 - 197


Section 1: Fighting Begins in the Section 1: Fighting Begins in the NorthNorth

Even while Congress tried to Even while Congress tried to make make peacepeace with Britain, with Britain, fighting began in New fighting began in New England.England.


Peace or War?Peace or War?

At the 2At the 2ndnd Continental Continental Congress, the Congress, the delegates tried to delegates tried to avoid waravoid war by sending by sending King George the Olive King George the Olive Branch Petition.Branch Petition.

The King The King refusedrefused and and sent 20,000 troops to sent 20,000 troops to crush the rebellion. crush the rebellion.


Green Mountain BoysGreen Mountain Boys

Ethan Allen led Ethan Allen led an attack on an attack on Fort Fort TiconderogaTiconderoga in Vermont to in Vermont to steal cannons steal cannons from the from the British.British.


What is and Who were What is and Who were “Patriots”?“Patriots”?

PatriotsPatriots: the : the colonists who favored colonists who favored war with the British.war with the British.

What made someone What made someone a Patriot during the a Patriot during the American Revolution?American Revolution?

What makes What makes someone a Patriot someone a Patriot today?today?


Opposing Sides…Opposing Sides…

PatriotsPatriots+ Good with + Good with firearmsfirearms, ,

many owned their own.many owned their own.+ Strong leadership + Strong leadership

(George Washington)(George Washington)+ The + The willwill to defend their to defend their

homes/propertyhomes/property+ + Knew the landKnew the land well well

because they lived herebecause they lived here------------------------------------------------------- Lack of - Lack of experienceexperience, not , not

as organizedas organized

BritishBritish + Well + Well trainedtrained and and

experiencedexperienced+ Excellent + Excellent NavyNavy+ Had support of many + Had support of many

colonistscolonists-------------------------------------------------------------- Far from home (news Far from home (news

and supplies)and supplies)-- Did not know the land as Did not know the land as

well as their opposition.well as their opposition.


Fight for BostonFight for Boston

Battle of Bunker Hill (Breed’s Hill)Battle of Bunker Hill (Breed’s Hill) June 16June 16thth, 1775, 1775 Colonists first held Bunker Hill, but went Colonists first held Bunker Hill, but went

to to Breed’s HillBreed’s Hill for better position. for better position. 1200 Colonial Militia vs. 2400 British 1200 Colonial Militia vs. 2400 British

RegularsRegulars After 3 attempts the British took Breed’s After 3 attempts the British took Breed’s

Hill (and Bunker Hill) Hill (and Bunker Hill) 1000 British and 400 Colonial casualties1000 British and 400 Colonial casualties


Section 2: The Colonies Declare Section 2: The Colonies Declare

IndependenceIndependence

In July 1776, In July 1776, the colonies the colonies declared declared independenindependence from ce from Britain.Britain.


Common Common SenseSense by by Thomas Thomas PainePaine

Common SenseCommon Sense was was Paine’s attempt to Paine’s attempt to break some break some colonists’ colonists’ loyaltyloyalty to to Britain.Britain.

Stated that Stated that monarchy was wrongmonarchy was wrong

Colonies Colonies did not did not “owe”“owe” anything to anything to BritainBritain

Staying under Staying under British control was British control was badbad for the colonies for the colonies


Congress declares Congress declares independence…independence…

1.1. Hard decision for Congress… Hard decision for Congress… they would be they would be traitorstraitors to to England and executed.England and executed.

2.2. Decided to have Decided to have Thomas Thomas JeffersonJefferson draft a document draft a document that…that… Declared the colonies “Declared the colonies “free and free and

independentindependent states.” states.” Signed by the Signed by the Continental Continental

Congress.Congress.

JULY 4, 1776JULY 4, 1776


The Declaration of The Declaration of IndependenceIndependence

Parts of the

Declaration

Preamble:An Introduction

Natural Rights:Rights that belongto all people from

birth

Wrongs done byThe King:

Justification forthe Revolution

Colonies Declare Independence:

A formal statement of

independence


Section 3: Struggles in the Middle Section 3: Struggles in the Middle StatesStates

After a series of After a series of Patriot defeats, Patriot defeats, an American an American victory at victory at SaratogaSaratoga marked a major marked a major turning pointturning point in the in the RevolutionRevolution


Battle of Long IslandBattle of Long Island

British - General William HoweBritish - General William Howe Continentals – Gen. George WashingtonContinentals – Gen. George Washington Summer 1776 on Long Island, New YorkSummer 1776 on Long Island, New York

– British had a both land and sea forces and outnumbered the British had a both land and sea forces and outnumbered the Americans by a lot.Americans by a lot.

– Washington’s forces fought into the fall but kept losing ground.Washington’s forces fought into the fall but kept losing ground.– A captured spy, Nathan Hale, said A captured spy, Nathan Hale, said “I only regret that I have “I only regret that I have

but one life to lose for my country.”but one life to lose for my country.”– Washington suffered 1,400 casualties and had to retreat to Washington suffered 1,400 casualties and had to retreat to

Pennsylvania.Pennsylvania.


Battle of Trenton (Princeton)Battle of Trenton (Princeton)

British – General Charles CornwallisBritish – General Charles Cornwallis Continentals – Gen. George Continentals – Gen. George

WashingtonWashington December 26, 1776 – January 2, 1777 December 26, 1776 – January 2, 1777

in Trenton and Princeton, New Jerseyin Trenton and Princeton, New Jersey– Washington crossed the Delaware river and Washington crossed the Delaware river and ambushedambushed

Hessian Mercenaries at Trenton.Hessian Mercenaries at Trenton.– Cornwallis saw Cornwallis saw campfirescampfires at Princeton, but they were at Princeton, but they were

part of a trappart of a trap set by Washington. set by Washington.– Victories gave Americans Victories gave Americans new hopenew hope..


Washington Crossing the Washington Crossing the DelawareDelaware

How is the picture inspirational?How is the picture inspirational? How might it have inspired the colonials?How might it have inspired the colonials?


Battle of SaratogaBattle of Saratoga British – General John BurgoyneBritish – General John Burgoyne Continentals – None listed (Green Continentals – None listed (Green

Mountain Boys were there)Mountain Boys were there) October, 1777 at Saratoga, New YorkOctober, 1777 at Saratoga, New York

– Burgoyne recaptured Ft. Ticonderoga while trying to cut Burgoyne recaptured Ft. Ticonderoga while trying to cut off New England from the other colonies.off New England from the other colonies.

– Many British loses led to them being Many British loses led to them being surroundedsurrounded at at Saratoga.Saratoga.

– Burgoyne surrendered all his troops. Burgoyne surrendered all his troops. – Considered the Considered the turning pointturning point in the Revolution in the Revolution

France was convinced to become America’s France was convinced to become America’s allyally..


Camp at Valley ForgeCamp at Valley Forge


Section 4: Fighting for Liberty on Many Section 4: Fighting for Liberty on Many FrontsFronts

During the Revolution, Americans fought for During the Revolution, Americans fought for liberty on many fronts and in many ways.liberty on many fronts and in many ways.


Summary of 6.4Summary of 6.4 Women: Women:

– Betsy Ross sewed the first American flag.Betsy Ross sewed the first American flag.– Mary Ludwig Hayes (AKA “Molly Pitcher”) carried water to Mary Ludwig Hayes (AKA “Molly Pitcher”) carried water to

soldiers in battle.soldiers in battle. African Americans:African Americans:

– Washington allowed eventually let free African-Americans Washington allowed eventually let free African-Americans fight.fight.

– The American Navy let A.A. join from the start.The American Navy let A.A. join from the start.– Had many jobs including spies, drummers, and guidesHad many jobs including spies, drummers, and guides– Many runaway slaves join the British Many runaway slaves join the British

The War on the Western Frontier:The War on the Western Frontier:– Native Americans fought mostly with the British.Native Americans fought mostly with the British.

Fighting at Sea:Fighting at Sea:– John Paul Jones captured the British ship John Paul Jones captured the British ship SerapisSerapis..


Section 5: Winning the War in the Section 5: Winning the War in the SouthSouth

After the British After the British surrendered at surrendered at Yorktown, Britain Yorktown, Britain recognized the recognized the United States as United States as an an independent independent countrycountry..


Battle of CowpensBattle of Cowpens

British - General Charles CornwallisBritish - General Charles Cornwallis Continentals – Generals Nathanael Continentals – Generals Nathanael

Green and Daniel MorganGreen and Daniel Morgan January 1781 at Cowpens, South January 1781 at Cowpens, South

CarolinaCarolina– Greene used Greene used local geographylocal geography to gain an to gain an advantageadvantage..– Morgan used a false retreat to Morgan used a false retreat to ambushambush the British lines. the British lines.– ““Swamp Fox” Francis Marion used Swamp Fox” Francis Marion used guerillaguerilla tactics. tactics.– Americans won, setting up an advance up to Yorktown.Americans won, setting up an advance up to Yorktown.


Battle of YorktownBattle of Yorktown

British – General Charles CornwallisBritish – General Charles Cornwallis Continentals – Gen. George Continentals – Gen. George

Washington Washington Spring through October 1781 in and Spring through October 1781 in and

around Yorktown, Virginiaaround Yorktown, Virginia– The Americans surrounded the British on land, while the The Americans surrounded the British on land, while the

French surrounded them at sea, creating a French surrounded them at sea, creating a siegesiege (land) (land) and and blockade blockade (water).(water).

– Without supplies, Cornwallis had to surrender.Without supplies, Cornwallis had to surrender.– Last major battleLast major battle of the American Revolution. of the American Revolution.


Tying It All Together…Tying It All Together… How did the untrained Continental Forces defeat the How did the untrained Continental Forces defeat the

professional army and mercenaries of the British? professional army and mercenaries of the British? (think of Rebels and Redcoats!)(think of Rebels and Redcoats!)

What about the words “Patriotism” and “Morale”?What about the words “Patriotism” and “Morale”?

Chapter 6 The American Revolution

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Transcript of Chapter 6 The American Revolution