Chapter 6 - Motivation

8/18/2019 Chapter 6 - Motivation

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Chapter 6 - MOTIVATION

Concepts


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What Is Motivation?

Direction

PersistenceIntensity


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Key Eleents

!" Intensity# ho$ har% a person tries

&" Direction# to$ar% 'ene(cial )oal

*" Persistence# ho$ lon) a person tries

Key Eleents

!" Intensity# ho$ har% a person tries

&" Direction# to$ar% 'ene(cial )oal

*" Persistence# ho$ lon) a person tries

Motivation The processes that acco+nt ,or anin%ivi%+als intensity. %irection. an%persistence o, e/ort to$ar% attainin) a )oal"

What is Motivation?


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Theory 0

Mana)ers 1ee Wor2ers As3Disli2in) Wor2

Avoi%in) 4esponsi'ility

5avin) ittle A'ition

Theory 7

Mana)ers 1ee Wor2ers As3 En8oyin) Wor2

Acceptin) 4esponsi'ility

1el,-Directe%


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5ierarchy o, Nee%s Theory9A:4A5AM MA1OW;

5ierarchy o, Nee%s Theory There is a hierarchy o, (venee%s as each nee% iss+'stantially satis(e%. thenet nee% 'ecoes%oinant"

@We each have a hierarchy o, nee%s thatran)es ,ro lo$er to hi)her" As lo$ernee%s are ,+l(lle% there is a ten%ency ,orother. hi)her nee%s to eer)e"B ! F

!G


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Maslo$s 5ierarchy o,Nee%s

o$er-Or%er Nee%sNee%s that are satis(e%eternally> physiolo)icalan% sa,ety nee%s"

5i)her-Or%er Nee%sNee%s that are satis(e%internally> social. estee.

an% sel,-act+ali=ation nee%s"Self

Esteem

Social

Safety

Physiological


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A'raha

Maslo$Hs5ierarchy o,

nee%s

:asic

Nee%s

1a,ety

Nee%s

1ocial

Nee%s

Estee

Nee%s

1el,Act+ali=ation

Nee%s

5 Levels


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Maslow’s Hierarchy

Of Needs

Hierarchy

Of Organizational Needs

Physiological

Safety/Security

Social

Esteem

Self Actualization

?

Maslow’s Theory and its relation to Organizational Needs


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Of Needs

Hierarchy


Physiological

Safety/Security

Social

Esteem

Self Actualization

Proide !unch "rea#s$ rest "rea#s$ and

sufficient wages to %urchase essentials


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Of Needs

Hierarchy


Physiological

Safety/Security Safe &or#ing Enironment

' (o" Security

Social

Esteem

Self Actualization


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Of Needs

Hierarchy


Physiological

Safety/Security

Social

Esteem

Self Actualization

)ommunity "elongingness ia

*eam "ased %ro+ects ' socialeents


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Of Needs

Hierarchy


Physiological

Safety/Security

Social

Esteem,ecognize

achieements$

(o" *itles

Self Actualization


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Of Needs

Hierarchy


Physiological

Safety/Security

Social

Esteem

Self Actualization

Proide )hallenge '

o%%ortunity

*o reach full career %otential


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The Esteem Needs• There are t$o versions o, estee nee%s. a

lo$er one an% a hi)her one" The lo$er oneis the nee% ,or the respect o, others. thenee% ,or stat+s. ,ae. )lory. reco)nition.attention. rep+tation. appreciation. %i)nity.

even %oinance" The hi)her ,or involvesthe nee% ,or sel,-respect. incl+%in) s+ch,eelin)s as con(%ence. copetence.achieveent. astery. in%epen%ence. an%

,ree%o" Note that this is the @hi)herB,or 'eca+se. +nli2e the respect o, others.once yo+ have sel,-respect. its a lot har%erto loseJ


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1el,-act+ali=ation # The %rive to 'ecoe$hat one is capa'le o, 'ecoin)

• The last level is a 'it %i/erent" I, yo+ $ant to'e tr+ly sel,-act+ali=in). yo+ nee% to have yo+rlo$er nee%s ta2en care o,. at least to aconsi%era'le etent" When lo$er nee%s are+net. yo+ cant ,+lly %evote yo+rsel, to

,+l(llin) yo+r potentials"• It isnt s+rprisin). then. the $orl% 'ein) as

%ic+lt as it is. that only a sall percenta)e o,the $orl%s pop+lation is tr+ly. pre%oinantly.sel,-act+ali=in)" Maslo$ at one point

s+))este% only a'o+t t$o percentJ


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Characteristic o,1el,-act+ali=e% people

• They have an +nhostile sense o, h+or --pre,errin) to 8o2e at their o$n epense.or at the h+an con%ition. an% never

%irectin) their h+or at others" Theyhave an acceptance o, sel, an% others.On the other han%. they are o,tenstron)ly otivate% to chan)e ne)ative

L+alities in theselves that co+l% 'echan)e%" Alon) $ith this coesspontaneity an% siplicity" Theypre,erre% 'ein) theselves rather than

'ein) pretentio+s or arti(cial"


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Characteristic o,1el,-act+ali=e% people cont%

• +rther. they have a sense o, h+ility an%respect to$ar%s others F or %eocratic

val+es -- eanin) that they $ere open toethnic an% in%ivi%+al variety. eventreas+rin) it" They have h+an 2inship -- social interest. copassion. h+anity"

An% it is accopanie% 'y a stron) ethics.$hich is spirit+al '+t sel%oconventionally reli)io+s in nat+re"


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Characteristic o,1el,-act+ali=e% people cont%

• These people have a certain,reshness o, appreciation. an a'ilityto see thin)s. even or%inary thin)s.$ith $on%er" Alon) $ith this coestheir a'ility to 'e creative. inventive.an% ori)inal" inally. these people

ten%e% to have ore pea2eperiences than the avera)eperson" A pea2 eperience is onethat ta2es yo+ o+t o, yo+rsel,. thata2es yo+ ,eel very tiny. or very

lar)e. to soe etent one $ith li,e ornat+re or o%" These eperiencesten% to leave their ar2 on a person.chan)e the ,or the 'etter. an%any people actively see2 the o+t"


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Ass+ptions o, Maslo$s 5ierarchy

Moveent +p the Pyrai%• In%ivi%+als cannot ove to the net hi)herlevel +ntil all nee%s at the c+rrent 9lo$er; levelare satis(e%"

Maslo$ Application#

A hoeless person

$ill not 'e otivate% to

e%itateJ

Maslo$ Application#

A hoeless person

$ill not 'e otivate% to

e%itateJ

• In%ivi%+alsthere,ore +stove +p thehierarchy in

or%er


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5er='er)s T$o-actor Theory:otto ine# 1atis,action an%

Dissatis,action are not Opposite En%s o,the 1ae Thin)J

1eparate constr+cts

– 5y)iene actors---Etrinsic

4elate% to Dissatisfaction

– Motivation actors---Intrinsican% 4elate% to Satisfaction

5y)ieneactors#

•1alary

•Wor2Con%itions

•CopanyPolicies

Motivators#

•Achieveent

•4esponsi'ility

•ro$th


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Contrastin) Vie$s o, 1atis,action an% Dissatis,action


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Davi% McClellan%s Theory o, Nee%s

Nee% ,or Achieveent The %rive to ecel. toachieve in relation to a seto, stan%ar%s. to strive tos+ccee%"

Nee% ,orAliation

The %esire ,or,rien%ly an% closepersonalrelationships"

Nee% ,or Po$er

The nee% to a2e others

'ehave in a $ay thatthey $o+l% not have'ehave% other$ise"

:otto ine#In%ivi%+als have%i/erent levels o,nee%s in each o,these areas. an%

those levels $ill %rivetheir 'ehavior


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oal-1ettin) Theory 9E%$inoc2e;

:asic Preise# That specic an% dicult)oals. $ith self-generated feedbac . lea% to

hi)her per,orance"

:+t. the relationship 'et$een )oals an%

per,orance $ill %epen% on•)oal coitent

–@I $ant to %o it I can %o itB

•tas2 characteristics 9siple. $ell-learne%;

•national c+lt+re


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oal 1ettin) in Action# M:O Pro)ras

Mana)eent :y O'8ectives Pro)ras

• Copany $i%e )oals o'8ectives

• oals ali)ne% at all levels

•

:ase% on oal 1ettin) Theory

Mana)eent :y O'8ectives Pro)ras• Copany $i%e )oals o'8ectives

• oals ali)ne% at all levels

• :ase% on oal 1ettin) Theory


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What is M:O?

Key Eleents

!" oal speci(city

&" Participative %ecision a2in)*" An eplicit tie perio%

" Per,orance ,ee%'ac2

Key Eleents

!" oal speci(city

&" Participative %ecision a2in)*" An eplicit tie perio%

" Per,orance ,ee%'ac2

Mana)eent 'y O'8ectives 9M:O;A pro)ra that encopasses speci(c)oals. participatively set. ,or an eplicittie perio%. $ith ,ee%'ac2 on )oal

pro)ress"


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Casca%in) o, O'8ectives


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Q &G Prentice 5all Inc"All ri)hts reserve%"

Why M:Os ail

• Rnrealistic epectations a'o+t M:O

res+lts

•

ac2 o, coitent 'y topana)eent

• ail+re to allocate re$ar% properly

• C+lt+ral incopati'ilities


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1el,-Ecacy Theory

1el, Estee. $hich is3"

In%ivi%+als %e)ree o, li2in) or %isli2in)theselves"

•

An in%ivi%+als ,eelin) that sShe cancoplete a tas2 9e")" @I 2no$ IcanJB;

•Enhances pro'a'ility that )oals $ill

'e achieve%Not to 'e con,+se% $ith#


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1el,-Ecacy an% oal1ettin)


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Q &G Prentice 5all Inc"All i ht %

o+r Ways o, Increasin) 1el,Ecacy 9:an%+ra;

!"Enactive Mastery

&" Vicario+s Mo%elin)

*" Ver'al Pers+asion"Aro+sal

Chapter 6 - Motivation

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