Chapter 5 Toward Independence King George III Lady Liberty Crowning Defiant American Democracy.

Chapter 5 Toward IndependenceChapter 5 Toward Independence

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King George III



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5.2 Before 17635.2 Before 1763

Patriots (Whigs)

Americans who believe that the colonies

have the right to govern themselves.

Loyalists (Torries)

Americans who feel a deep loyalty to

Great Britain.

*By 1750 the colonies are bursting

with growth.

*Population now 1,000,000.

*For over a century, colonies have

learned to govern themselves.

*Each colony elects its own

assembly; each assembly

passes laws and creates taxes.

*Americans have more freedom

to run their own lives than any people in Europe.

Patriots (Whigs)

Americans who believe that the colonies

have the right to govern themselves.

Loyalists (Torries)

Americans who feel a deep loyalty to

Great Britain.

*By 1750 the colonies are bursting

with growth.

*Population now 1,000,000.

*For over a century, colonies have

learned to govern themselves.

*Each colony elects its own

assembly; each assembly

passes laws and creates taxes.

*Americans have more freedom

to run their own lives than any people in Europe.





Test Prep.Test Prep.

• Before 1763, the American colonies had been…

• A) ruled with a firm hand by Parliament.

• B) left alone to govern themselves.

• C) heavily taxed by the British government.

• D) denied religious freedom by the king.

• Answer: B) left alone to govern themselves.

• Before 1763, the American colonies had been…

• A) ruled with a firm hand by Parliament.

• B) left alone to govern themselves.

• C) heavily taxed by the British government.

• D) denied religious freedom by the king.

• Answer: B) left alone to govern themselves.

5.2 Continued…5.2 Continued…Conflict in the Ohio Valley

*Colonists want to move west across

the Appalachian Mountains into the

Ohio Valley.

*1754 French build Fort Duquesne

At present-day Pittsburgh.

*Virginia governor chooses George

Washington lead a militia to drive

the French out.

*This battle proves to be the first

battle of The French and Indian War.

Conflict in the Ohio Valley

*Colonists want to move west across

the Appalachian Mountains into the

Ohio Valley.

*1754 French build Fort Duquesne

At present-day Pittsburgh.

*Virginia governor chooses George

Washington lead a militia to drive

the French out.

*This battle proves to be the first

battle of The French and Indian War.



5.2 Continued…5.2 Continued…The French and Indian War

*1755 Britain sends 1,400 British soldiers

to Virginia to finish the job Washington

had begun.

*They are to clear the French out of the

Ohio Valley. French do not give up easily.

*War rages for seven years.

*1759 British troops capture Canada.

*This proves to be the turning point of

the war.

*1763 Britain and France sign a

peace treaty.

*France cedes (gives up) Canada to

Great Britain.

*Colonists feel proud to be British.

The French and Indian War

*1755 Britain sends 1,400 British soldiers

to Virginia to finish the job Washington

had begun.

*They are to clear the French out of the

Ohio Valley. French do not give up easily.

*War rages for seven years.

*1759 British troops capture Canada.

*This proves to be the turning point of

the war.

*1763 Britain and France sign a

peace treaty.

*France cedes (gives up) Canada to

Great Britain.

*Colonists feel proud to be British.






• Which was not a major effect of the French and Indian War?• A) Reduced colonists’ need for protection against the French in

Canada.• B) Opened the Ohio Valley to settlement by removing Native

Americans.• C) Led Parliament to tax the colonies to help pay off Britain’s war

debt.• D) Greatly expanded Britain’s empire in North America.

• Answer: B) Opened the Ohio Valley to settlement by removing Native Americans.

• Which was not a major effect of the French and Indian War?• A) Reduced colonists’ need for protection against the French in

Canada.• B) Opened the Ohio Valley to settlement by removing Native

Americans.• C) Led Parliament to tax the colonies to help pay off Britain’s war

debt.• D) Greatly expanded Britain’s empire in North America.

• Answer: B) Opened the Ohio Valley to settlement by removing Native Americans.

5.3 Early British Actions5.3 Early British Actions*1760 George III becomes new King of England.Proclamation of 1763*To keep colonists and Indians from killingeach other as settlers push westward, a line is drawn down the center of the Appalachian Mountains. Settlers toldto stay east of that line.Colonists feel the kingis acting like a tyrant.British government October 7, 1763 ignores colonists’complaints; expandsthe British army in America to 7,500 troops.

*1760 George III becomes new King of England.Proclamation of 1763*To keep colonists and Indians from killingeach other as settlers push westward, a line is drawn down the center of the Appalachian Mountains. Settlers toldto stay east of that line.Colonists feel the kingis acting like a tyrant.British government October 7, 1763 ignores colonists’complaints; expandsthe British army in America to 7,500 troops.






• While the Proclamation of 1763 was designed to promote peace, instead it…

• A) triggered wars between Indian groups.

• B) smelled of tyranny to many colonists.

• C) sparked a boycott of British goods.

• D) led to riots in colonial cities.

• Answer: B) smelled of tyranny to many colonists.

• While the Proclamation of 1763 was designed to promote peace, instead it…

• A) triggered wars between Indian groups.

• B) smelled of tyranny to many colonists.

• C) sparked a boycott of British goods.

• D) led to riots in colonial cities.

• Answer: B) smelled of tyranny to many colonists.

5.3 Continued…5.3 Continued…

The Stamp Act of 1765

*Britain needs to raise funds to help pay off the large

debt left over from the French and Indian War.

*Prime Minister George Grenville proposes making

the colonists buy stamps for every piece of paper they

use.

*Colonists feel this tax is unfair Notice of the Stamp Act

since they have no representation

in Parliament.

*“No Taxation without representation!”

*Loyalists refuse to buy stamps.*Patriot mobs (Sons of Liberty) Official Stamp Act seal

attack tax collectors. HONI SOIT MAL Y PENSE

*Parliament decides to repeal (cancel) “Shamed be he who thinks

the Stamp Act several months later. evil of it.”

The Stamp Act of 1765

*Britain needs to raise funds to help pay off the large

debt left over from the French and Indian War.

*Prime Minister George Grenville proposes making

the colonists buy stamps for every piece of paper they

use.

*Colonists feel this tax is unfair Notice of the Stamp Act

since they have no representation

in Parliament.

*“No Taxation without representation!”

*Loyalists refuse to buy stamps.*Patriot mobs (Sons of Liberty) Official Stamp Act seal

attack tax collectors. HONI SOIT MAL Y PENSE

*Parliament decides to repeal (cancel) “Shamed be he who thinks

the Stamp Act several months later. evil of it.”






• What upset American colonists most about the stamp act?

• A) Colonists did not want to pay taxes to keep British troops in the colonies.

• B) The stamp tax raised the price of paper goods sold in the colonies.

• C) Colonists believed that Parliament had no right to tax the colonies.

• D) Parliament had not warned the colonies about the new stamp tax in advance.

• Answer: C) Colonists believed that Parliament had no right to tax the colonies.

• What upset American colonists most about the stamp act?

• A) Colonists did not want to pay taxes to keep British troops in the colonies.

• B) The stamp tax raised the price of paper goods sold in the colonies.

• C) Colonists believed that Parliament had no right to tax the colonies.

• D) Parliament had not warned the colonies about the new stamp tax in advance.

• Answer: C) Colonists believed that Parliament had no right to tax the colonies.

5.3 Continued…5.3 Continued…The Quartering Act*1765 Parliament passes act

ordering colonists to provide

British troops with housing and

supplies (candles, firing, bedding,

cooking utensils, salt, vinegar,

and beer or cider).

*Colonists protest this act as

another tax.

*Tempers rise on both sides of

the Atlantic.

The Quartering Act*1765 Parliament passes act

ordering colonists to provide

British troops with housing and

supplies (candles, firing, bedding,

cooking utensils, salt, vinegar,

and beer or cider).

*Colonists protest this act as

another tax.

*Tempers rise on both sides of

the Atlantic.





5.4 The Townsend Acts5.4 The Townsend Acts*1767 New British Prime Minister

Charles Townsend persuades

Parliament to place taxes on

certain goods the colonies import

from Britain, including glass, paint,

paper, and tea.

A notice to the public from Simeon Coley regarding

the duties imposed by Lord Townsend.

Simeon Coley was a colonial silversmith.

*1767 New British Prime Minister

Charles Townsend persuades

Parliament to place taxes on

certain goods the colonies import

from Britain, including glass, paint,

paper, and tea.

A notice to the public from Simeon Coley regarding

the duties imposed by Lord Townsend.

Simeon Coley was a colonial silversmith.





5.4 Continued…5.4 Continued…A boycott of British Goods

*Boston Patriot Samuel Adams leads

opposition to the Townsend Acts.*All of the colonies agree to boycott Samuel Adams

(refuse to buy one or more goods from

a single source) British goods.

Repeal of the Townsend Acts

*1770 new British Prime Minister Lord

North persuades Parliament to repeal all

of the Townsend duties (taxes)

except one, the tax on tea.

Punishment to tax collectors, 1770’s

A boycott of British Goods

*Boston Patriot Samuel Adams leads

opposition to the Townsend Acts.*All of the colonies agree to boycott Samuel Adams

(refuse to buy one or more goods from

a single source) British goods.

Repeal of the Townsend Acts

*1770 new British Prime Minister Lord

North persuades Parliament to repeal all

of the Townsend duties (taxes)

except one, the tax on tea.

Punishment to tax collectors, 1770’s








• The Townshend Acts and the Tea Act were…

• A) opposed as “taxation without representation” by most colonists.

• B) approved by most Patriots, but opposed by most Loyalists.

• C) failures because they raised the price of goods too high for colonists to buy.

• D) accepted and obeyed by all but a few hotheads in Boston.

• Answer: A) opposed as “taxation without representation” by most colonists.

• The Townshend Acts and the Tea Act were…

• A) opposed as “taxation without representation” by most colonists.

• B) approved by most Patriots, but opposed by most Loyalists.

• C) failures because they raised the price of goods too high for colonists to buy.

• D) accepted and obeyed by all but a few hotheads in Boston.

• Answer: A) opposed as “taxation without representation” by most colonists.

5.5 Boston Massacre5.5 Boston MassacreMob Violence Breaks Out

*March 5, 1770 a crowd begins throwing

rocks at British troops guarding the Boston

Customs House.

*Troops panic and open fire.

*Five Boston citizens are killed in the

massacre.

Massacre or Self-Defense?

*Patriots see the Boston Massacre

as proof that the British should pull

out all their troops from the colonies.

*Loyalists see the massacre as proof

that troops are needed more than

ever to control the Patriots.

*Murder trial is held; two troops found

guilty of manslaughter.

Mob Violence Breaks Out

*March 5, 1770 a crowd begins throwing

rocks at British troops guarding the Boston

Customs House.

*Troops panic and open fire.

*Five Boston citizens are killed in the

massacre.

Massacre or Self-Defense?

*Patriots see the Boston Massacre

as proof that the British should pull

out all their troops from the colonies.

*Loyalists see the massacre as proof

that troops are needed more than

ever to control the Patriots.

*Murder trial is held; two troops found

guilty of manslaughter.





This is an actual notice of the trial of

the soldiers accused of murdering five

people in Boston on March 5, 1770.

Notice the date on the bottom of the

Page, MDCCLXX. Those are Roman

numerals for the year one thousand,

seven hundred and seventy.

This is an actual notice of the trial of

the soldiers accused of murdering five

people in Boston on March 5, 1770.

Notice the date on the bottom of the

Page, MDCCLXX. Those are Roman

numerals for the year one thousand,

seven hundred and seventy.




• The Boston Massacre was a…

• A) smallpox epidemic that killed a large number of Native Americans.

• B) noisy protest against the Stamp Act by the Sons of Liberty in Boston.

• C) fierce battle that took place in Boston during the French and Indian War.

• D) deadly riot between colonists and British troops stationed in Boston.

• Answer: D) deadly riot between colonists and British troops stationed in Boston.

• The Boston Massacre was a…

• A) smallpox epidemic that killed a large number of Native Americans.

• B) noisy protest against the Stamp Act by the Sons of Liberty in Boston.

• C) fierce battle that took place in Boston during the French and Indian War.

• D) deadly riot between colonists and British troops stationed in Boston.

• Answer: D) deadly riot between colonists and British troops stationed in Boston.

5.6 Boston Tea Party5.6 Boston Tea PartyTea Act of 1773

*Lowers the cost of tea that is sold

by the British East India Company in

the colonies.

*Gives the British East India Company

a monopoly (complete control) over

tea sales in the colonies.

*Colonists see this as another attempt

to tax them without their consent.

Tea Ships Arrive

*December 16, 1773 about 50 men

dressed as Mohawk Indians board

three British ships and dump 90,000 lbs

of tea overboard.

*Boston Tea Party serves to excite and

unify the Patriots even more.

Tea Act of 1773

*Lowers the cost of tea that is sold

by the British East India Company in

the colonies.

*Gives the British East India Company

a monopoly (complete control) over

tea sales in the colonies.

*Colonists see this as another attempt

to tax them without their consent.

Tea Ships Arrive

*December 16, 1773 about 50 men

dressed as Mohawk Indians board

three British ships and dump 90,000 lbs

of tea overboard.

*Boston Tea Party serves to excite and

unify the Patriots even more.





5.7 The Intolerable Acts5.7 The Intolerable ActsParliament Punishes Massachusetts

Angered by the Boston Tea Party, British Parliament passes a new series

of laws in 1774 so harsh that many colonists consider them “intolerable.”First law closes

Boston Harbor to all

shipping until ruined

tea is paid for.

Second law places

Massachusetts under

British control.

Third law says that

British soldiers

accused of murder

will be tried in

England, not in the

colonies.

More troops are sent

to Boston to enforce

the new laws.

Parliament Punishes Massachusetts

Angered by the Boston Tea Party, British Parliament passes a new series

of laws in 1774 so harsh that many colonists consider them “intolerable.”First law closes

Boston Harbor to all

shipping until ruined

tea is paid for.

Second law places

Massachusetts under

British control.

Third law says that

British soldiers

accused of murder

will be tried in

England, not in the

colonies.

More troops are sent

to Boston to enforce

the new laws.



5.7 Continued…5.7 Continued…The Colonies begin to Unite*Merchants in other cities show their support for Boston by closing their shops.*Virginia calls for a congress ofdelegates from all the colonies.The First Continental Congress*September 1774, 50 leadersfrom 12 colonies meet in Philadelphia.*Patrick Henry from Virginia declares, “I am not a Virginian,I am an American.”*Delegates agree to send a Carpenters Hall, respectful message to King Philadelphia

George urging him to recognizetheir rights.*Delegates also call for a boycottof British goods until Parliament repeals the Intolerable Acts.*They also agree to meet the following May if the boycott doesn’t work.

The Colonies begin to Unite*Merchants in other cities show their support for Boston by closing their shops.*Virginia calls for a congress ofdelegates from all the colonies.The First Continental Congress*September 1774, 50 leadersfrom 12 colonies meet in Philadelphia.*Patrick Henry from Virginia declares, “I am not a Virginian,I am an American.”*Delegates agree to send a Carpenters Hall, respectful message to King Philadelphia

George urging him to recognizetheir rights.*Delegates also call for a boycottof British goods until Parliament repeals the Intolerable Acts.*They also agree to meet the following May if the boycott doesn’t work.





5.7 Continued…5.7 Continued…The Colonies Form Militias

*In towns and cities throughout the

colonies, Patriots appoint

committees to enforce the boycott.

*They also begin organizing local

militias.

*New England volunteers call

themselves Minutemen because

they can be ready to fight in just

60 seconds.

*Rather than forcing the colonies to

give in, the Intolerable Acts bring the

two sides to the brink of war.

The Colonies Form Militias

*In towns and cities throughout the

colonies, Patriots appoint

committees to enforce the boycott.

*They also begin organizing local

militias.

*New England volunteers call

themselves Minutemen because

they can be ready to fight in just

60 seconds.

*Rather than forcing the colonies to

give in, the Intolerable Acts bring the

two sides to the brink of war.




• The Intolerable Acts…

• A) forced the colonies to give in to Britain.

• B) united the colonies against Britain.

• C) divided the colonies against each other.

• D) turned the colonies against Boston.

• Answer: B) united the colonies against Britain.

• The Intolerable Acts…

• A) forced the colonies to give in to Britain.

• B) united the colonies against Britain.

• C) divided the colonies against each other.

• D) turned the colonies against Boston.

• Answer: B) united the colonies against Britain.

5.8 Lexington and Concord5.8 Lexington and Concord*Rather than consider the colonists’

complaints, King George refuses to

answer their message.

*April 1775 British General Gage

orders 700 troops to Concord to

seize the colonists’ supply of

gunpowder and weapons.

*Paul Revere and William Dawes

ride through the countryside warning

the colonists that the British were

coming.

*Minutemen meet the British at

Lexington. Both sides open fire; eight

colonists die, and the British march onto Concord. “If they mean to have war, let it begin here!”

*Rather than consider the colonists’

complaints, King George refuses to

answer their message.

*April 1775 British General Gage

orders 700 troops to Concord to

seize the colonists’ supply of

gunpowder and weapons.

*Paul Revere and William Dawes

ride through the countryside warning

the colonists that the British were

coming.

*Minutemen meet the British at

Lexington. Both sides open fire; eight

colonists die, and the British march onto Concord. “If they mean to have war, let it begin here!”





Paul Revere’s Ride

http://youtu.be/9Yd4jcz01dk



5.8 Continued…5.8 Continued…

*British are in Concord by breakfast time.*Captain Isaac Davis marches his volunteers down to meet the British.*Both armies meet at Concord’s NorthBridge.*Davis is killed with a bullet to the heart.*Minutemen stand their ground and fireback. Redcoats retreat in panic.*As British return to Boston, Minutemen Captain Davis fatally shot at Concord Bridge

line the route and shoot them at everychance they get. By the end of the day74 British soldiers are dead and another 200 are wounded or missing.*At Lexington and Concord, Americansprove they are not only willing to fight fortheir rights, they are willing to die for them.

Minutemen firing on the British

*British are in Concord by breakfast time.*Captain Isaac Davis marches his volunteers down to meet the British.*Both armies meet at Concord’s NorthBridge.*Davis is killed with a bullet to the heart.*Minutemen stand their ground and fireback. Redcoats retreat in panic.*As British return to Boston, Minutemen Captain Davis fatally shot at Concord Bridge

line the route and shoot them at everychance they get. By the end of the day74 British soldiers are dead and another 200 are wounded or missing.*At Lexington and Concord, Americansprove they are not only willing to fight fortheir rights, they are willing to die for them.

Minutemen firing on the British






• The clashes between colonists and British troops at Lexington and Concord proved that…

• A) General Gage was a weak military leader.

• B) colonists no longer felt any loyalty to Great Britain.

• C) Americans were willing to fight for the right to govern themselves.

• D) militia troops were no match for well-trained British soldiers.

• Answer: C) Americans were willing to fight for the right to govern themselves.

• The clashes between colonists and British troops at Lexington and Concord proved that…

• A) General Gage was a weak military leader.

• B) colonists no longer felt any loyalty to Great Britain.

• C) Americans were willing to fight for the right to govern themselves.

• D) militia troops were no match for well-trained British soldiers.

• Answer: C) Americans were willing to fight for the right to govern themselves.

5.9 Chapter Summary5.9 Chapter Summary*The French and Indian Warleaves Britain with huge debts.*Parliament tries to deal with this by imposing new taxes andlaws. *These actions divide the colonists into opposing camps.*Patriots want liberty*Loyalists urge obedience to Britain.*1774 Delegates meet at the First Continental Congress inPhiladelphia. Send formal complaint to the King. Liberty poles used to promote patriotism

*Patriots form militias to defendthemselves.*At Lexington and Concord, Patriotsshow they would rather fight than give up their rights.

*The French and Indian Warleaves Britain with huge debts.*Parliament tries to deal with this by imposing new taxes andlaws. *These actions divide the colonists into opposing camps.*Patriots want liberty*Loyalists urge obedience to Britain.*1774 Delegates meet at the First Continental Congress inPhiladelphia. Send formal complaint to the King. Liberty poles used to promote patriotism

*Patriots form militias to defendthemselves.*At Lexington and Concord, Patriotsshow they would rather fight than give up their rights.



Chapter 5 Toward Independence King George III Lady Liberty Crowning Defiant American Democracy.

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