Chapter 5Matter in Motion

Motion: _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________

the change in an object’s position over time when comparedwith a reference point

Reference point: ____________________________________________ _______________________________________________

Place that appears to stay in place when comparedto an object in motion.

Common Reference Points:1. _____________________________2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________3.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The Earth’s surfaceNon-moving objects on the Earth’s surface (Ex: buildings or trees)

Moving objects in relation to other moving objects (Ex: a planerelative to a bird)

Speed: _____________________________________________________Speed depends on _______________ and ________________.

The rate at which an object moves.distance time

Average speed = ________________total distance

total time

Example: If a family drove 600 miles to their vacation resort and it took them15 hours to get there, what was their average speed?

Average speed = _______________________ = 600 miles

15 hours40 miles/hour

Graphing speed: Distance goes on the ___-axis and time goes on the ___-axis.y x

Time in Hours

Dis

tanc

e in

km

Suppose we graphed the speedof a storm front moving across the country. It might look like thegraph at the left. The black lineshows the average speed, while the red line shows the hourlyspeed.

Velocity - _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

the speed of anobject in a particulardirection. Velocity changesas speed or direction changes.

Example: A horse on a merry-go-round ismoving at a constant rate of 10 meters/sec.Is its speed changing? _____Is its velocity changing? ______

NoYes

The direction is constantly changing!

Resultant velocity:____________________________________________Combining velocities to find the overall velocity

Ex: If you were in a train traveling 40 km/hour west and you walked eastthrough the train at 5 km/hour, what is your resultant velocity?

Answer: 40 km/hour west – 5 km/hour east = 35 km/hr west

Ex: If you were in a train traveling 40 km/hour west and you walked westthrough the train at 5 km/hour, what is your resultant velocity?

Answer: 40 km/hour west + 5 km/hour west = 45 km/hour west

Acceleration: ________________________________________________the rate at which velocity changes

Velocity can change if ____________ changes, or _______________ changes,or _________ change. Acceleration is not just how _______ velocity changes,but also how ________ it changes.

speed directionboth much

fast

Acceleration = _________________________________final velocity – starting velocitytime it takes to change velocity

Example: A plane passes over Point A with a velocity of 8,000 m/s north. Fortyseconds later it passes over Point B at a velocity of10,000 m/s north. What is plane’s acceleration?

Acceleration = _______________________ =10,000 m/s – 8,000m/s

40 s

50 m/s/s = 50 m/s2 north

Example: A coconut falls from the top of a tree and reaches a velocity of19.6 m/s when it hits the ground. It takes 2 seconds to reach the ground. What is the coconut’s acceleration?

Acceleration = __________________ 19.6 m/s – 0 m/s2 s

= 9.8 m/s/s = 9 m/s2 down

An object traveling in a circular motion is always changing its______________, therefore changing its _____________, and thus ________________ is occurring.This circular acceleration is called __________________ __________________.

directionvelocity acceleration

centripetal acceleration

Graph acceleration as __________________ vs _________________.velocity time

Force: ___________________________________________________________a push or a pull, having both size and direction

Newton (N): _______________________________________________________the unit in the metric system used to measure force = m.kg/s

Net force : _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

the force that results from combining all the forces exerted on an object

Forces in the same direction get ____________ to each other. Forces in opposite directions get the smaller force __________________ from the larger force.

addedsubtracted

Balanced forces will have a net force of ___________ and there will be ____motion. Ex. The force of a person sitting on a stool is ___________ to the forceof the stool pushing up on the person.

zero noequal

Unbalanced forces produce a change in _______________. They are neededto _____________ a stationary object to move as well as to ________________the motion of a _____________ object.

motionstart change

moving

Friction: _______________________________________________________a force that opposes motion

Friction is caused because the surface of any object is ________________and is affected by the ______________ pushing these surfaces together. The______________ the surface the greater the _______________. The greaterthe ________________ pushing the surfaces together, the greater the _________.

roughforce

rougher frictionforce friction

Types of friction:1. Sliding friction is the ____________ that opposes sliding one surface acrossanother surface. This is usually a _____________ force.2. Rolling friction is the friction between the _________________ and the ______or _________________ something rolls across.3. Fluid friction is the friction between an _____________ and a ______________or ________.4. Static friction is the force of friction that causes an object to ______ move whena _____________ is applied to it. Static friction _________________ when the object starts moving.

forcelarge

wheels roadsurface

object liquidgas

NOTforce disappears

Lubricants: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Ex: ____________________________________________________

substances aplied to surfaces to reduce the friction betweenthem

oil, graphite, wax, grease, air (as in air hockey tables)

Ways to reduce friction:1. Use ______________________.2. Switch from _____________ friction to _______________ friction.3. Make the surfaces that rub against each other _________________.Ways to increase friction:1. Make the surfaces _______________________.2. Increase the _________________ pushing the surfaces together.

lubricantssliding rolling

smoother

rougherforce

Gravity: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

the force of attraction between objects that is due to theirmasses.

All matter has _________ and mass results in ________________, so allobjects have a force of ____________________ to other objects, but usuallythe _________ is not great enough to cause the attractive force of the objectsto move the objects toward each other. The __________________ has a large mass and therefore has a large _________________ force that pullseverything toward the ______________ of the Earth. Gravity also keeps the_______________ in motion in the sky.

mass gravityattraction

massEarth

gravitationalcenter

planets

Sir Isaac Newton came up with the Law of Universal Gravitation:All objects in the _________________ attract each other through gravitational____________. The _______ of the force depends on the _____________ of the objects and the __________________ between them.

universeforce size masses

distance1. Gravitational force ________________ as mass _________________.2. Gravitational force ________________ as distance _______________.

increases increasesdecreases increases

Weight: ______________________________________________________a measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object

Weight, gravity, and forces are measured in _______________.Newtons

Chapter 5Matter in Motion

Motion: _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________

Reference point: ____________________________________________ _______________________________________________

Common Reference Points:1. _____________________________2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________3.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Speed: _____________________________________________________Speed depends on _______________ and ________________.

Average speed = ________________

Example: If a family drove 600 miles to their vacation resort and it took them15 hours to get there, what was their average speed?

Average speed = _______________________ =

Graphing speed: Distance goes on the ___-axis and time goes on the ___-axis.

Time in Hours

Dis

tanc

e in

km

Suppose we graphed the speedof a storm front moving across the country. It might look like thegraph at the left. The black lineshows the average speed, while the red line shows the hourlyspeed.

Velocity - _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Example: A horse on a merry-go-round ismoving at a constant rate of 10 meters/sec.Is its speed changing? _____Is its velocity changing? ______

Resultant velocity:____________________________________________

Ex: If you were in a train traveling 40 km/hour west and you walked eastthrough the train at 5 km/hour, what is your resultant velocity?

Answer:

Ex: If you were in a train traveling 40 km/hour west and you walked westthrough the train at 5 km/hour, what is your resultant velocity?

Answer:

Acceleration: ________________________________________________Velocity can change if ____________ changes, or _______________ changes,or _________ change. Acceleration is not just how _______ velocity changes,but also how ________ it changes.

Acceleration = _________________________________

Example: A plane passes over Point A with a velocity of 8,000 m/s north. Fortyseconds later it passes over Point B at a velocity of10,000 m/s north. What is plane’s acceleration?

Acceleration = _______________________ =

Example: A coconut falls from the top of a tree and reaches a velocity of19.6 m/s when it hits the ground. It takes 2 seconds to reach the ground. What is the coconut’s acceleration?

Acceleration = __________________ =

An object traveling in a circular motion is always changing its______________, therefore changing its _____________, and thus ________________ is occurring.This circular acceleration is called __________________ __________________.

Graph acceleration as __________________ vs _________________.

Force: ___________________________________________________________

Newton (N): _______________________________________________________

Net force : _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Forces in the same direction get ____________ to each other. Forces in opposite directions get the smaller force __________________ from the larger force.

Balanced forces will have a net force of ___________ and there will be ____motion. Ex. The force of a person sitting on a stool is ___________ to the forceof the stool pushing up on the person.

Unbalanced forces produce a change in _______________. They are neededto _____________ a stationary object to move as well as to ________________the motion of a _____________ object.

Friction: _______________________________________________________

Friction is caused because the surface of any object is ________________and is affected by the ______________ pushing these surfaces together. The______________ the surface the greater the _______________. The greaterthe ________________ pushing the surfaces together, the greater the _________.

Types of friction:1. Sliding friction is the ____________ that opposes sliding one surface acrossanother surface. This is usually a _____________ force.2. Rolling friction is the friction between the _________________ and the ______or _________________ something rolls across.3. Fluid friction is the friction between an _____________ and a ______________or ________.4. Static friction is the force of friction that causes an object to ______ move whena _____________ is applied to it. Static friction _________________ when the object starts moving.

Lubricants: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Ex: ____________________________________________________

Ways to reduce friction:1. Use ______________________.2. Switch from _____________ friction to _______________ friction.3. Make the surfaces that rub against each other _________________.Ways to increase friction:1. Make the surfaces _______________________.2. Increase the _________________ pushing the surfaces together.

Gravity: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

All matter has _________ and mass results in ________________, so allobjects have a force of ____________________ to other objects, but usuallythe _________ is not great enough to cause the attractive force of the objectsto move the objects toward each other. The __________________ has a large mass and therefore has a large _________________ force that pullseverything toward the ______________ of the Earth. Gravity also keeps the_______________ in motion in the sky.

l

Sir Isaac Newton came up with the Law of Universal Gravitation:All objects in the _________________ attract each other through gravitational____________. The _______ of the force depends on the _____________ of the objects and the __________________ between them.

1. Gravitational force ________________ as mass _________________.2. Gravitational force ________________ as distance _______________.

Weight: ______________________________________________________

Weight, gravity, and forces are measured in _______________.