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Transcript of Chapter 5 Improving Your Reading. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.5 | 2...
![Page 1: Chapter 5 Improving Your Reading. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.5 | 2 Ways to improve your reading Learn the reading speed.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649ca85503460f9496a921/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 5
Improving
Your Reading
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Ways to improve your reading
• Learn the reading speed limits
• Pick up your PACE naturally
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How the eyes read
• Moves (saccades)
• Pauses (fixations)
• Focusing
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What eye-motionphotography reveals
• An average of 4 fixations per second
• 1.1 to 2.5 words per fixation
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Reading speed limit
• 4 x 2.5 x 60 = 600 words per minute
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What reading speedestimates don’t include
• Regressions
• Comprehension and consolidation
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Reading expert,Anne Cunningham
• Places speed limit closer to 300 wpm
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Hear your silentspeech: Vocalization:
• Most readers “speak” their words as they read
• By whispering their words
• By moving their lips
• By vibrating their vocal cords
• Vocalization is necessary but can slow you down
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NASA’s silentspeech breakthrough
• Silent speech used to be measurable
• Now with sensors it can be understood!
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How much canyou comprehend?
• Even speedy readers must take time out to comprehend what they read
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One word at a time
• MIT research shows we comprehend each word individually
• Fixations continue until words are recognized and understood!
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Comprehensionrequires consolidation time
• Words you read must be moved from short-term to long-term memory
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Speed readingclaims don’t hold up
• Eye movements, vocalization, comprehension, and consolidation all slow us down
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How can you read faster?
• By cutting down processing time and picking up the PACE
• P: Preparation
• A: Altitude
• C: Clustering
• E: Experience
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Preparation: The more prepared youare, the speedier your reading will be
• Overview your assignments
• Use Gibbon’s “Great Recall”
• Try Daniel Webster’s Way
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Overviewing providesadvance organizers
• Look at titles, headings, subheadings, captions, and key paragraphs
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Gibbon’s “Great Recall” assembles your mental tools
• Devote time to recalling all you know about a particular subject before you begin reading.
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Daniel Webster’s Wayinvolves making three lists
• Questions you expect the reading to answer
• Knowledge you expect to gain from the reading
• Where you expect this knowledge will lead you
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Altitude: Depending on your purpose, reading can be done at a variety of levels
• Scan at 35,000 feet to look for specific words
• Skim at the treetops for general clues or to get the gist
• Read at ground level if your goal is comprehension
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Scanning for specifics
• When you know exactly what you’re looking for
• Concentrate and rely on mere recognition to spot what you want
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Skimming for general clues
• Guess the form that your answer will take
• Skim closely enough to pick up the proper context
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Skimming to get thegist of an article or book
• Helps you to determine if a book or article is worth reading
• Read the introduction, summary, and all paragraphs with pertinent topic sentences
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Reading for comprehension
• The majority of reading you’ll do
• Labeled “rauding” by Carver to distinguish it from scanning and skimming
• Rauding rate: 300 standard words per minute
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Cluster: Digesting reading more readily but reading words in meaningful groups
• Use intonation
• Think in terms of paragraphs
• Process your reading a page at a time
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Use intonation
• Grouping words of a sentence into meaningful, rhythmic clusters will make them easier to manage, comprehend and remember.
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Think in terms of paragraphs
• Identify the elements of each paragraph
• Topic sentence
• Supporting sentences
• Concluding sentence
• … and then distill it down to a single, manageable sentence
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Reading a page at a time
• Thomas Babington Macaulay improved his comprehension by summarizing each page before moving on to the next one.
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Experience: Authors assume their readers share a certain background of knowledge
• To keep up to speed with the writers you read:– Bolster your background by reading good
books and seeing important movies– Beef up your vocabulary by using the Frontier
System explained in the next chapter