Chapter 5CANADA

MS. RIVARD

SOCIAL STUDIES

Section 1A RESOURCE-RICH COUNTRY

The Landscape The word “Canada” comes from the word“Kanata” which means village. ButCanada is the 2nd largest country in the world!

Between Canada & the U.S. lies the worldslargest undefended border

The Atlantic Ocean borders Canada to the east,the Pacific Ocean to its west, & the Artic Oceanto the north

Made up of 10 Provinces instead of states: Alberta

British ColumbiaManitoba

New BrunswickNewfoundland

Nova ScotiaOntario

Prince Edward IslandQuebec

Random Canada Fact!

Also has 3 Territories: Northwest Territory Nunavut Territory Yukon Territory

Open your books to pg. 119Use the map to help you color Canada’s provinces and territories

Assign 1 color to each province & territory and make a key to the side of your map

Pg. 159Copy/Answer these questions in your notebook

1. Thousands of years ago, glaciers covered most of Canada. What did the weight of these glaciers create?

2. What types of deposits are found within the Canadian Shield?

3. What type of climate do the Arctic Islands experience?

4. Describe the physical features found along Canada’s southeastern Atlantic coast.

Pg. 159-161Copy/Answer these questions in your notebook

5. What type of climate is experienced within the lowlands of the St. Lawrence River & the Great Lakes region?

6. What is Canada’s largest city? 7. What are the Great Plains? 8. What is the Cordillera? 9. What is the highest peak in Canada? 10. Which is the only area of Canada with a marine west coast climate?

Canada’s Economic Regions Canada is known for fertile farmland, rich natural resources, and skilled workers◦ Manufacturing, farming, and the service industry make

up the countries main economic activities

Comprised of a Free Market Economy ◦ Though Canada’s government plays a bigger

role than the U.S◦ Universal health care for citizens◦ Government regulated programs (broadcasting, electric companies

& transportation)

Canada’s Economic Regions 1. Eastern Canada

Fishing was once the major economic activity of the region◦ The Grand Banks is one of the best fishing spots

in the world! ◦ However it has been over-fished causing the

government to now regulate the # of fish caught

Manufacturing, mining, and tourism are now the#1 Economic activities

Canada’s Economic Regions 2. Quebec and Ontario

Quebec is Canada’s largest province!◦ Almost ¼ of Canadian’s live in Quebec ◦ Manufacturing and service industries= #1

Ontario is the 2nd largest province◦ Ottawa (the nations capital) is located here

Canada’s Economic Regions 3. The Prairie Provinces

& British Columbia Prairie Provinces= Manitoba, Saskatchewan, & Alberta

◦ Farming & ranching= #1 Economic activity here◦ Large producer of wheat, oil, & natural gas

British Columbia◦ Worlds leading producer in Newsprint◦ Timber, mining, fishing & tourism are also big

NAFTA- North American Free Trade AgreementAbout $1 billion worth of trade asses between Canada & the U.S. daily!

Some Canadians worry their economy is too dependent on the U.S. & that the U.S. could one day dominate

Section 2THE CANADIANS

Canada’s History The Inuit are considered the

first peoples of Canada A member of the Inuit people is called an “Inuk” Build/live in Igloos Hunted animals such as whales & polar bear

◦ Used polar bear skins for clothing◦ Used whale bones to build their houses or

as weapons

Traveled long distances using dogsleds

Nunavut 1999- Nunavut Territory was created for the Inuit

Inuit have their own government and control much of what happens within the territory ◦ This means they have Autonomy

*3X the size of the state of Texas

Canada’s History Today, 32 million people live in Canada

◦ Large majority of people have a European heritage

However, many Canadians associate themselveswith their region rather than their country

Canada’s History The first Europeans in Canada= the Vikings

◦ First settled in Newfoundland

France & Britain claimed/controlled areas of Canada-This is why French is one of the major

languages (New France)

-This is also why the Queen of England is also the queen of Canada

Canada’s History For 100 years, British Colonies were kept separate from French areas. 1876- Canada becomes the Dominion of Canada

◦ New Canadian government promised to keep much of the French culture & language alive.

◦ Many French speakers felt they were treated unfairly

After fighting alongside the British & Americans in WWII, Canada eventually gained its independence ◦ 1982- Won the right to change their constitution without British approval.

Canada’s Government Government= Parliamentary Democracy & Constitutional Monarchy

Voters elect representatives to Parliament Members of Parliament make the laws

At the head of Parliament is the Prime Minister-The Prime Minister is the head of government &

holds the most power -The Prime Minister is elected by the Parliament

-No fixed term

The Queen visits Canada, however she does not carry much power More of a Ceremonial position

StephenHarper

Queen Elizabeth

the II

Canada’s Language Canada is considered a Bilingual country because it has 2 official languages- French & English

Some areas of the country favor one language over the other but use both◦ Government documents & traffic signs are printed in

both English & French◦ Children learn both languages in school

*Majority of French people in Canada live in Quebec