Chapter(5:(Discrete(Probability(Distribution( Section(1:(Probability(Distributions...

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Chapter 5: Discrete Probability Distribution Section 1: Probability Distributions Random variable: variable whose values are determined by chance. Discrete variable: variable that can assume only a specific number of values and have a finite number of possible values or a infinite number of values that can be counted. Discrete probability distribution: consists of the values a random variable can assume and the corresponding probabilities of the values. *Discrete probability can be shown by using a graph or a table. Section 2: Mean, Variance, Standard Deviation, and Expectation Formula for the Mean of a Probability Distribution: The mean of a random variable with a discrete probability distribution is = + + + + = ( ) ! , ! , ! , , ! are the outcomes ( ! ), ! , ! , , ( ! ) are the corresponding probabilities. Note: Σ( ) means to sum the products. (Get the products and then add). Formula for the Variance of a Probability Distribution: The formula for the variance of a probability distribution is: = [ + + + + ] = Note: Σ[ ! ] means to sum the products. (Get the products then add). The standard deviation of a probability distribution is = = Expected Value of a discrete random variable of a probability distribution is the theoretical average of the variable. = = is the expected value. Rounding rule for the mean, variance and standard deviation for a probability distribution Mean, variance, and standard deviation should be rounded off to one more decimal than the outcome X. When fractions are used, they should be reduced to lowest terms. ***When expected value problems involve money, round off to the nearest cent.

Transcript of Chapter(5:(Discrete(Probability(Distribution( Section(1:(Probability(Distributions...

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Chapter  5:  Discrete  Probability  Distribution  Section  1:  Probability  Distributions    Random  variable:  variable  whose  values  are  determined  by  chance.  Discrete  variable:  variable  that  can  assume  only  a  specific  number  of  values  and  have  a  finite  number  of  possible  values  or  a  infinite  number  of  values  that  can  be  counted.    Discrete  probability  distribution:  consists  of  the  values  a  random  variable  can  assume  and  the  corresponding  probabilities  of  the  values.    *Discrete  probability  can  be  shown  by  using  a  graph  or  a  table.    Section  2:  Mean,  Variance,  Standard  Deviation,  and  Expectation    Formula  for  the  Mean  of  a  Probability  Distribution:  The  mean  of  a  random  variable  with  a  discrete  probability  distribution  is    

𝝁 = 𝑿𝟏 ∙ 𝑷 𝑿𝟏 + 𝑿𝟐 ∙ 𝑷 𝑿𝟐 + 𝑿𝟑 ∙ 𝑷 𝑿𝟑 +⋯+ 𝑿𝒏 ∙ 𝑷 𝑿𝒏          = 𝚺(𝑿 ∙ 𝑷 𝑿 )  

 

𝑋!,𝑋!,𝑋!,… ,𝑋!  are  the  outcomes  𝑃(𝑋!), 𝑃 𝑋! , 𝑃 𝑋! ,… ,  𝑃(𝑋!)  are  the  corresponding  probabilities.  

 

Note:  Σ(𝑋 ∙ 𝑃 𝑋 )  means  to  sum  the  products.  (Get  the  products  and  then  add).    Formula  for  the  Variance  of  a  Probability  Distribution:  The  formula  for  the  variance  of  a  probability  distribution  is:    

𝝈𝟐 = [𝑿𝟏𝟐 ∙ 𝑷 𝑿𝟏 + 𝑿𝟐𝟐 ∙ 𝑷 𝑿𝟐 + 𝑿𝟑𝟐 ∙ 𝑷 𝑿𝟑 +⋯+ 𝑿𝒏𝟐 ∙ 𝑷 𝑿𝒏 ] −  𝝁𝟐  

 

= 𝚺 𝑿𝟐 ∙ 𝑷 𝑿 − 𝝁𝟐    

Note:  Σ[𝑋! ∙ 𝑃 𝑋 ]  means  to  sum  the  products.  (Get  the  products  then  add).    

The  standard  deviation  of  a  probability  distribution  is    

𝝈 = 𝝈𝟐 = 𝚺 𝑿𝟐 ∙ 𝑷 𝑿 − 𝝁𝟐    Expected  Value  of  a  discrete  random  variable  of  a  probability  distribution  is  the  theoretical  average  of  the  variable.  

𝝁 = 𝑬 𝑿 = 𝚺𝑿 ∙ 𝑷 𝑿    

𝑬 𝑿  is  the  expected  value.    

Rounding  rule  for  the  mean,  variance  and  standard  deviation  for  a  probability  distribution  Mean,  variance,  and  standard  deviation  should  be  rounded  off  to  one  more  decimal  than  the  outcome  X.  When  fractions  are  used,  they  should  be  reduced  to  lowest  terms.  ***When  expected  value  problems  involve  money,  round  off  to  the  nearest  cent.  

   

   

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Chapter  5:  Probability  Distribution  Section  3:  The  Binomial  Distribution    Binomial  experiment:  a  probability  experiment  that  satisfies  the  following  four  requirements:  

1. There  must  be  a  fixed  number  of  trials.  2. Each  trial  can  have  only  two  outcomes  or  outcomes  that  can  be  reduced  to  two  outcomes.    These  

outcomes  can  be  considered  as  either  success  or  failure.  3. The  outcomes  of  each  trial  must  be  independent  of  one  another.  4. The  probability  of  a  success  must  remain  the  same  for  each  trial.  

Binomial  distribution:  the  outcomes  of  a  binomial  experiment  and  the  corresponding  probabilities  of  these  outcomes.    Notation  for  the  Binomial  Distribution    𝑷 𝑺    Probability  of  Success  

 

𝑷 𝑭    Probability  of  Failure    

𝒑    Numerical  probability  of  a  success    

𝒒    Numerical  probability  of  a  failure    

  𝑃 𝑆 =  𝑝        𝑎𝑛𝑑      𝑃 𝐹 = 𝑞    

𝒏    Number  of  trials    

𝑿    Number  of  successes  in  n  trials    

   0 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 𝑛      𝑎𝑛𝑑      𝑋 = 0, 1, 2, 3,… ,𝑛    

 Binomial  Probability  Distribution    In  a  binomial  experiment,  the  probability  of  exactly  X  successes  in  n  trials  is:    

𝑷 𝑿 =  𝒏!

𝒏 − 𝑿 !𝑿!∙ 𝒑𝑿 ∙ 𝒒𝒏!𝑿  

 

Mean  for  the  Binomial  Distribution  𝝁 = 𝒏 ∙ 𝒑  

 Variance  for  the  Binomial  Distribution  

𝝈𝟐 = 𝒏 ∙ 𝒑 ∙ 𝒒    Standard  Deviation  for  the  Binomial  Distribution    

𝝈 = 𝝈𝟐 = 𝒏 ∙ 𝒑 ∙ 𝒒