Chapter 5 – 1

Chapter 9

Organization of Information and Measurement of Relationships:A Review of Descriptive Data

Analysis

Chapter 5 – 2

Descriptive Data Analysis for: Nominal, Ordinal, and Interval-Ratio

Variables

• Organize the Data into a Frequency Distribution

• Display the Data in a Graph

• Describe What is Average or Typical of a Distribution

• Describe Variability Within a Distribution

• Describe the Relationship Between Two Variables

Chapter 5 – 3

Data Analysis

Flow Chart

-Part 1

Chapter 5 – 4

Data Analysis

Flow Chart

-Part 2

Chapter 5 – 5

Descriptive Data Analysis for Nominal Variables:

• Example: Gender and Local Political Party Activism

Chapter 5 – 6

Nominal Measurement: Frequency Distribution

Chapter 5 – 7

Nominal Measurement: Graph

Chapter 5 – 8

Nominal Measurement: What is Average or Typical of a Distribution?

• Looking at table 9.1, we can see that the modal occupational sector for both men and women is “large business.”

Chapter 5 – 9

Nominal Measurement: Describe the Variability Within a Distribution

• IQV (men) = 0.52

• IQV (women) = 0.86

Chapter 5 – 10

Nominal Measurement: Describe the Relationship Between Two Variables

Chapter 5 – 11

Descriptive Data Analysis for Ordinal Variables:

• Continuing Our Research Example…

Chapter 5 – 12

Ordinal Measurement: Frequency Distribution

Chapter 5 – 13

Ordinal Measurement: Frequency Distribution

Chapter 5 – 14

Ordinal Measurement: Frequency Distribution

Chapter 5 – 15

Ordinal Measurement: Frequency Distribution

Chapter 5 – 16

Ordinal Measurement: Graph

Chapter 5 – 17

Ordinal Measurement: Graph

Chapter 5 – 18

Ordinal Measurement: What is Average or Typical of a Distribution?

• Since the modes for education level differ in this instance, we want to report that information: “graduate school” for men, and “college” for women.

• Optionally, we may include the median, which is “college” for both men and women.

Chapter 5 – 19

Ordinal Measurement: Describe the Variability Within a Distribution

• For most variables in this studies, the ranges are the same; those similarities may be reported. What should be noted is that the range in level of education differs. The range is larger for men: from “less than high school” through “graduate school.” For women, it is “high school” through graduate school.”

Chapter 5 – 20

Ordinal Measurement: Describe the Relationship Between Two Variables

Chapter 5 – 21

Ordinal Measurement: Describe the Relationship Between Two Variables

Chapter 5 – 22

Ordinal Measurement: Describe the Relationship Between Two Variables

Chapter 5 – 23

Descriptive Data Analysis for Interval-Ratio Variables:

• Example: Education and Income

Chapter 5 – 24

Interval-Ratio Measurement: Frequency Distribution

Chapter 5 – 25

Interval-Ratio Measurement: Frequency Distribution

Chapter 5 – 26

Interval-Ratio Measurement: Graph

Chapter 5 – 27

Interval-Ratio Measurement: (1)What is Average or Typical of a Distribution? (2)

What about the Variability?

Chapter 5 – 28

Interval Ratio Measurement: Describe the Relationship Between Two

Variables

Chapter 5 – 29

Interval Ratio Measurement: Describe the Relationship Between Two Variables