Chapter 41: Endocrine System Key Conceptsbio.classes.ucsc.edu/bio20b/Notes/Chapter41 Hormones...
Transcript of Chapter 41: Endocrine System Key Conceptsbio.classes.ucsc.edu/bio20b/Notes/Chapter41 Hormones...
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1. Hormones & how they work
2. Nervous & endocrine systems overlap
Chapter 41: Endocrine System Key Concepts
3. Major mammalian endocrine glands & hormones
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Internal Communication Systems of the Body
-Nervous system controls endocrine function; these systems are cooperative
-nervous system = quick responses-endocrine system = slower but longer acting responses -endocrine system = slower but longer acting responses
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Endocrine System
Endocrine cells:
Target cells:
Hormones:
1. Circulating:
2. Paracrine:
3. Autocrine:
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3 Hormone Types
• Peptides or polypeptides:
-
-
• Steroid hormones
--
-
-
• Amine hormones:
-
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3 Hormone Types
Peptides ADH, oxytocin, insulin
Amines (derived from amino acids)
Thyroxine, epinephrine
Water soluble
Thyroxine, epinephrine (adrenaline)
Steroidstestosterone, estrogen, progesterone
Lipidsoluble
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Hormone receptors:
• Water-soluble hormones:
• Lipid soluble hormones:
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How Hormones Function
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Hormone Affects Are Diverse
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Hypothalamus & Pituitary Gland
Hypothalamus: --
Pituitary gland:Pituitary gland:--
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Hypothalamus & Pituitary Gland
Posterior Pituitary Anterior Pituitary
Connection via portal blood vessels
Connection via neurosecretory cells
Fig. 41.7
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Anterior pituitary secretes:
• Tropic hormones:
• Non-tropic hormones:
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Ex. of Anterior Pituitary GlandTropic Hormones
Follicle stimulating hormone -
(controls other endocrine glands)
-
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(direct effects on target tissues)
ProlactinMany functions-
Ex. of Anterior Pituitary GlandNon-Tropic Hormones
--
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*Tropic & Non-tropic effects
Wide variety of effects
Anterior Pituitary Gland Hormone: Human Growth Factor (GH)
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Anterior pituitary also secretes thyrotropin (TSH)
(Tropic)
activates Thyroid Gland to produce thyroxine
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Hormones Coordinate Other Responses
1. Digestion
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Hormones Coordinate Other Responses
2. Blood Calcium
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Hormones Coordinate Other Responses
3. Blood glucose
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Hormones Coordinate Responses to External Environment Changes
1) Short-term stress (fight-or-flight):2) Long-term stress:
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Adrenal Gland: Stress
Pineal Gland: Biorhythms
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Hormone receptor abundance can be regulated
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How is the release of hormones controlled?
Feedback Loops!