PLAY THE 13 COLONIES GAME

Chapter 4.1-4.3: The Thirteen Colonies

1750

Examine the map: In 1750 who else was living in North America? What feelings might they have about the European colonists?

Objective: We are going to analyze the settlement and life in the 13

American colonies. Essential Questions:

1. How did a variety of influences from three continents shape life in colonial North America?

2. How were indigenous societies in the North America impacted and how did they respond to colonization by Europeans?

3. How did government and representative democracy evolve in North America?

4. What were the differing motivations for the colonization of North America?

5. How did the institution of slavery shape the character of early European America?

The seal of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

What is depicted in this image? Do you think this represents a truth about the Native Americans living in “New England?”

4.1 THE NEW ENGLAND COLONIES

Led by John Winthrop Puritans left England in a “Great Migration” for the Massachusetts bay colony.

"....we must consider that we shall be as a 

City upon a Hill,

(and that) the eyes of all people are upon

us.."

Between 1629-1640 some 15,000 Puritans and other English settlers moved to Boston and the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

Thomas Hooker set up the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut allowing all male property owners to vote. Roger Williams founded Rhode Island and fostered religious tolerance in the colony.

The Salem, Massachusetts, meeting house in which Roger Williams preached.

Roger Williams negotiating with the Pequot Indians.

Roger Williams escaped to Narragansett Bay where he was sheltered by his Indian friends. He purchased lands from them and founded the community of Providence, accepting all settlers regardless of their beliefs.

Roger Williams

Anne Hutchinson a Puritan held prayer groups in her home near Boston. She was put on trial for holding these groups. Hutchinson was banished to Rhode Island after claiming that God spoke directly to her. Hutchinson is important to the struggle for religious freedom.

Anne Hutchinson

Metacom, aka “King Phillip” leader of the Wampanoag natives attacked villages throughout New England. 600 colonists were killed and dozens of Puritan towns were burned. Metacom was eventually captured and his men were sold in to slavery. How is

Metacom depicted? Who do you think drew this?

“I am resolved to not see the day when I have no

country.”

LIFE IN NEW ENGLAND Puritans observed the Sabbath, and by

law had to go to church all day on Sunday. Puritans met for town meetings and had strict laws. The Puritan economy centered around ship building, fishing, farming and trade.

The New England colonies were settled by people of this religion ________________.

______________ led a war against the Puritans to protect the Wampanoag's.

Who was the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony?

Name all four New England colonies. Which colony did Roger Williams set up? What

impact did Roger Williams have on America? ____________ founded the Connecticut colony? Who was banished from Massachusetts for

holding prayer groups? Is she an American hero?

Did the Puritans treat the Native Americans fairly?

4.2 THE MIDDLE COLONIES Under the leadership of Peter

Stuyvesant New Netherlands became New York when English warships entered its harbor. Stuyvesant lacked the resources to defend the city.

New Jersey was established by George Cartaret and Lord Berkeley. New Jersey had good farmland and allowed for religious tolerance.

Did we have slavery in New Jersey?

New Jersey

1729 What is depicted in this map?

What is happening in this image?

William Penn a Quaker believed in non-violence, religious freedom and equality. Penn forced the settlers of Pennsylvania to pay for the land they got from the Native Americans. Delaware broke away from Pennsylvania to form its own colony.

“A Holy Experiment.”

William Penn

EXAMINE THE MAP: HOW DID THE ECONOMY OF THE MIDDLE COLONIES DIFFER FROM THAT OF THE NEW ENGLAND AND SOUTHERN COLONIES?

Settlers including craftsmen, farmers and African slaves in the Middle Colonies made their money growing cash crops such as wheat. Along with the crops farm animals and crafts were exported to Europe and the West Indies.

Economy of the Middle Colonies

German and Scotch Irish families arrived to colonize the Eastern Appalachian Mountains. This is called the Great Wagon Road.

The Great Wagon Road and Settling the Back

Country

Who might disagree with the term “Great Wagon Road.”

1751 FRY-JEFFERSON MAP DEPICTING 'THE GREAT WAGON ROAD TO PHILADELPHIA'

GERMAN VALLEY NJ: THE HOMELAND OF DR. DANGER

DEMAREST NJ IN THE COLONIAL PERIOD David Demarest, originally known as Davis des Marets,

settled in Bergen County New Jersey in 1677. He was founder of the Demarest family in America, and was one of a band of French Huguenots who came to this country in 1663. 

The earliest settlers in the area, now known as Demarest, were the Westervelts, whose homestead still stands as the northern wing at 277 County Road. The year was 1723, and other Dutch settlers from New Amsterdam soon followed, having obtained land grants from the British owners of New Jersey. 

Source: http://www.demarestnj.net/html/History.aspx

Who was the governor of New Netherland when it became New York?

New Jersey was established by whom? Why was William Penn unique as a colonial

leader? What was the basis of the economy of the

Middle Colonies? German and Irish colonists followed the

_________ Road into the backcountry of the middle colonies?

How were the middle colonies different from the New England colonies?

Why do you think settlers were attracted to the Middle Colonies?

3.3 THE SOUTHERN COLONIES

Mason and Dixon, two land surveyors explored for years and created a line dividing Pennsylvania and Maryland. The Mason-Dixon divided the Southern Colonies.

What economic products were sold in the Southern Colonies?

In 1632 Lord Baltimore of England settled Maryland as a colony for Roman Catholics. Baltimore however passed the Act of Toleration allowing religious freedom to all Christians. (This did not include Jews, Muslims or non-Christians.)

Lord Baltimore, Maryland & Catholics

Nathaniel Bacon a Virginia planter led raids on Native American villages and burned Jamestown for the governor’s lack of assistance to rural planters.

Bacon’s Rebellion

North Carolina was settled by tobacco farmers from Virginia who migrated South. Charleston, South Carolina was founded by wealthy plantation owners who grew rice and indigo. Eventually African slaves made up the majority of the South Carolina population.

The Carolinas

James Oglethorpe founded the Georgia colony as a refuge for debtors to make clean start.

Georgia

Map of Georgia 1740

SAVANNAH 1734

Tidewater Plantations The Backcountry

•Large Plantations with 20-100 slaves•Settled along rivers and coast•Small percentage of the population•Export Economy

•Small amount of African Slaves•Settled in the inland areas•White settlers treated each other as equals•Self-sufficient farms

Two Ways of Life in the Colonial South

AFRICAN SLAVERY

By 1700 plantations in the South had come to rely on African slavery. (Slavery existed in all colonies) Over 400 years some 9-12 million Africans were brought to the Americas in the trans-Atlantic Slave Trade or the Middle Passage. At least 2-3 million died while in route to the Americas. Slave codes and European racism allowed Africans to be treated far less than humans.

Slavery Begins in Africa

The Middle Passage and Triangular TradeAudio rec

ording of a former slave

Slavery in North America

What was the line separating Pennsylvania from Maryland?

Who founded Maryland? Who was the ideal colonist in Maryland?

Who did Maryland’s “Act of Toleration” leave out? What happened during Bacon’s rebellion? What was grown in the Carolinas and by whom? For whom did James Oglethorpe found Georgia? What was one difference between the coastal

plantation owners in the south and the backcountry southern colonists?

Which colonies had the institution of slavery? If you were a British person which colony would

you want to come to and why?