English Colonization

Part II1600 - 1750

The Original Thirteen Colonies

The New England ColoniesIncludes Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New

Hampshire & Connecticut

Plymouth Colony First of the New England Colonies Why is called New England? 102 pilgrims came on the Mayflower for different

reasons What is a pilgrim & what are they seeking in America? A pilgrim is a person who goes on a religious journey They are seeking religious freedom

Plymouth Colony What do you know about a Pilgrim’s appearance? Why would they dress like that? The pilgrims built a colony on the tip of Cape Cod

& celebrated the first Thanksgiving in 1621. Was the first Thanksgiving similar to our

traditional Thanksgiving?

Plymouth Colony William Bradford became the Plymouth’s best

governor, but it was later absorbed by the Massachusetts Bay Colony

Massachusetts Bay Colony (1629)

Built by the Puritans who wanted to purify the Church of England

Founders were John Winthrop & Sir Richard Saltonstall

What is the capital of the Colony? Life of the Puritans was strictly controlled in

Salem, which may have resulted in the witchcraft trials of the 1690s

Rhode Island Colony (1634-1636)

Roger Williams challenged Puritan policies in the Mass. Bay Colony

Williams was banished from the colony & started his own called Providence in Narragansett Bay

What does Providence mean? Providence means heaven

Anne Hutchinson also questioned Puritan beliefs & built the colony called Portsmouth

Providence & Portsmouth joined to form Rhode Island (1644)

Connecticut Colony (1635) The Reverend Thomas Hooker & Puritan followers

took control of the Hartford Valley for farmland & trade

The settlers claimed the land in the Pequot Wars (1635-1637)

They developed a plan of government called The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, which was the first constitution in America

Connecticut became an official colony in 1662

The Middle ColoniesIncludes New York, New Jersey,

Pennsylvania, & Delaware

New York Colony (1629-1664)

The Dutch built a colony on Manhattan Island called New Netherland & named their capital New Amsterdam (1629)

The Island was purchased by the Dutch from the local Indians for the equivalent of $26.

Patrons were given large tracts of land to farm Peter Stuyvesant was the last Dutch governor

New York Colony (1629-1664)

The Swedes built a colony called New Sweden (1638)

Events leading to an English takeover: The Dutch defeated the Swedes (1655) After defeating the Dutch in a war, England took New

Netherland without a fight King Charles II granted New Netherland to his brother

James, the Duke of York, which he renamed New York (1664)

New Jersey Colony (1664) James, the Duke of York, gave land between the

Hudson & Delaware Rivers to his friends Lord John Berkeley & Sir George Carteret

New Jersey became a royal colony in 1702

Pennsylvania Colony (1681) William Penn, a member of the Society of Friends

or Quakers, made good on a debt owed to his father & was made proprietor of land he named Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania became a colony that offered free land & religious freedom

Delaware Colony (1682) Penn complained that he did not have access to a

seaport, because Pennsylvania was landlocked King Charles II granted him an area of land called

“the lower counties”, which later became known as Delaware

The Southern ColoniesIncludes Virginia, Maryland, the Carolinas, &

Georgia

Maryland Colony (1634) George Calvert was given part of Virginia as a

refuge for Roman Catholics

Convicts, indentured servants, & slaves were brought to work on plantations, growing corn & tobacco

The Act of Toleration granted religious freedom to all Catholics in Maryland

Why is the colony called Maryland?

Carolina Colony (1661) A group of investors established this colony to

grow wine grapes, olives, & silkworms, but rice became the major crop

The charter was granted by King Charles II South Carolina became a royal colony in 1719 North Carolina became a royal colony in 1729

Georgia Colony (1733) Georgia was established by James Oglethorpe to

alleviate the overcrowding of England’s debtor’s prisons

Georgia was named after George II, the King of England at the time the charter was granted

Three reasons the colony was established: An opportunity for the poor to begin their lives over

again A refuge for persecuted protestants A military barrier between the Carolinas & Spanish

Florida