Chapter 4 Section 3 Compound names and formulas Naming Ionic Compounds Binary compounds (Compounds...
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Transcript of Chapter 4 Section 3 Compound names and formulas Naming Ionic Compounds Binary compounds (Compounds...
Chapter 4Chapter 4
Section 3 Section 3
Compound names and formulasCompound names and formulas
Naming Ionic CompoundsNaming Ionic Compounds
BiBinary compounds (Compounds with just nary compounds (Compounds with just two elements) Natwo elements) Na22SS
1. Name the first element - Sodium1. Name the first element - Sodium
2. Name the root of the second 2. Name the root of the second element – “Sulf”element – “Sulf”
3. Add the ending “ide” to the root3. Add the ending “ide” to the root
Sodium SulfideSodium Sulfide
ALL binary compounds will end with “ide”. *There is an exception – compounds with ammonium can also end in “ide”….. Ammonium Bromide
Naming ionic compoundsNaming ionic compounds
The first name is the name of the The first name is the name of the cationcation Example: CaClExample: CaCl22 has first name calcium has first name calcium
The last name has the name of the The last name has the name of the anionanion. . (Anion names always end in “ide” unless (Anion names always end in “ide” unless they are from your polyatomic ion chart.)they are from your polyatomic ion chart.)
Example: CaClExample: CaCl22 has last name chloride, has last name chloride, so CaClso CaCl22 is calcium chloride is calcium chloride
Name these ionic Name these ionic compoundscompounds 1. BaF1. BaF22
2. K2. K22SeSe
3. CaS3. CaS 4. AlF4. AlF33
5. LiH5. LiH
Inonic CompoundsInonic Compounds
Some common CationsSome common Cations Name and Symbol Ion chargeName and Symbol Ion charge
Cesium ion, Cs + 1Lithium ion, Li + 1Potassium ion, K + 1Rubidium ion, Rb + 1Sodium ion, Na + 1Barium ion, Ba + 2Beryllium ion, Be + 2Calcium ion, Ca + 2Magnesium ion, Mg + 2Strontium ion, Sr + 2Aluminum ion, Al + 3
Some common AnionsSome common Anions Name and Symbol Ion chargeName and Symbol Ion charge
Fluorine, F FluorIDE - 1Chlorine, Cl ChlorIDE - 1Bromine, Br BromIDE - 1Iodine, I IodIDE - 1
Oxygen, O OxIDE - 2Sulfur, S SulfIDE - 2Nitrogen, N NitrIDE - 3
Some cation names must Some cation names must show their chargeshow their charge
Transition metals may form several Transition metals may form several cations each with a different charge. cations each with a different charge.
These cations must have a Roman These cations must have a Roman Numeral in parenthesis. The Roman Numeral in parenthesis. The Roman Numeral shows the cation’s charge.Numeral shows the cation’s charge.
Formulas with transition Formulas with transition metals………..metals………..
EXAMPLE:EXAMPLE: Fe Fe22OO33 - Look - Look first first at the element at the element
combined with the transition. Oxygen forms a -combined with the transition. Oxygen forms a -2 ion , if there are 3 atoms each with a -2 2 ion , if there are 3 atoms each with a -2 charge there is a total charge of -6 ..So if Iron charge there is a total charge of -6 ..So if Iron has 2 atoms, the total charge must equal +6. has 2 atoms, the total charge must equal +6. Then this is made of Fe +3 ions (+3 X 2 = +6), Then this is made of Fe +3 ions (+3 X 2 = +6), so it is named Iron (III) Oxide; so it is named Iron (III) Oxide;
FeO is made of Fe +2 ions so it is named Iron FeO is made of Fe +2 ions so it is named Iron (II) Oxide.(II) Oxide.
What are the charges on What are the charges on ions?ions?
Ionic compounds that Ionic compounds that contain more than 2 contain more than 2 elementselements
Compounds containing polyatomic Compounds containing polyatomic ions have charges listed on your ions have charges listed on your polyatomic ion chart.polyatomic ion chart.
*Notice that all “ate”and “ite” suffixes are compounds that have oxygen in them.
Writing formulas for Ionic Writing formulas for Ionic CompoundsCompounds
What is the chemical formula for aluminum fluorWhat is the chemical formula for aluminum fluorideide??1.1. List the symbols for each ionList the symbols for each ion
Al +3 F -1Al +3 F -12.2. Write the symbols for the ions with the cation first…. Write the symbols for the ions with the cation first….
Al Al+3+3 F F-1-1
3.3. Find the least common multiple of the ions charges, Find the least common multiple of the ions charges, so that the positive and negative charges will so that the positive and negative charges will balance…… need total of 3 negative charges to balance…… need total of 3 negative charges to balance with Al’s 3 positive charges.balance with Al’s 3 positive charges.
4.4. Write the chemical formula, indicating with subscripts Write the chemical formula, indicating with subscripts how many of each ion are needed to make a neutral how many of each ion are needed to make a neutral compound…… AlFcompound…… AlF3 3 leave the charges offleave the charges off
Practice writing ionic Practice writing ionic formulasformulas
1. Ca1. Ca2+2+ combined with F combined with F--
CaFCaF22
2. Co2. Co3+3+ combined with PO combined with PO443-3-
CoPOCoPO44
3. Ni3. Ni2+2+ combined with OH combined with OH--
Ni(OH) Ni(OH) 22
More practiceMore practice 1. calcium combined with oxygen1. calcium combined with oxygen
CaCa2+2+ OO2-2-
CaOCaO 2. potassium combined with oxalate2. potassium combined with oxalate
KK1+1+ C C22OO442-2-
KK22CC22OO44
3. barium hydrogen sulfate3. barium hydrogen sulfate
BaBa2+ 2+ HSOHSO441-1-
Ba(HSOBa(HSO44))22
Practice makes perfect only Practice makes perfect only if you practice perfect!if you practice perfect! Write formulas for:Write formulas for:
Calcium sulfideCalcium sulfide CaCa2+2+ S S2-2-
CaSCaS Potassium sulfidePotassium sulfide KK+1+1 S S2-2-
KK22SS
Practice makes perfect only Practice makes perfect only if you practice perfect!if you practice perfect! Write formulas for:Write formulas for:
Calcium sulfiteCalcium sulfite CaCa2+2+ SO SO33
2-2-
CaSOCaSO33
Potassium sulfatePotassium sulfate KK+1+1 SO SO44
2-2-
KK22SOSO44
Practice makes perfect only Practice makes perfect only if you practice perfect!if you practice perfect! Write formulas for:Write formulas for:
Gallium oxideGallium oxide GaGa3+3+ O O2-2-
GaGa22OO33
Ammonium PhosphiteAmmonium Phosphite NHNH44
+1+1 PO PO333-3-
(NH(NH44) ) 33POPO33
Some Transition Metal Some Transition Metal CationsCations
Ion name SymbolIon name SymbolCopper (I)Copper (I) Cu +1 Cu +1Copper (II)Copper (II) Cu +2 Cu +2Iron (II) Iron (II) Fe +2 Fe +2Iron (III) Fe +3Iron (III) Fe +3Nickel (II) Ni +2Nickel (II) Ni +2Nickel (III) Ni +3Nickel (III) Ni +3Lead (II)Lead (II) Pb +2 Pb +2Lead (IV) Pb +4Lead (IV) Pb +4Mercury (I)Mercury (I) Hg +1 Hg +1Mercury (II) Hg +2Mercury (II) Hg +2Gold ((I)Gold ((I) Au +1 Au +1Gold (III)Gold (III) Au +3 Au +3
Ion name SymbolIon name SymbolChromium (II)Chromium (II) Cr +2Cr +2Chromium (III)Chromium (III) Cr +3Cr +3Tin (II) Tin (II) Sn +2Sn +2Tin (IV)Tin (IV) Sn +4Sn +4Titanium (II)Titanium (II) Ti +2 Ti +2 Titanium (III)Titanium (III) Ti +3Ti +3Titanium (IV)Titanium (IV) Ti +4Ti +4Manganese (II)Manganese (II) Mn +2Mn +2Manganese (III)Manganese (III) Mn +3Mn +3Manganese (IV)Manganese (IV) Mn +4Mn +4Manganese (VI)Manganese (VI) Mn + 6Mn + 6Manganese (VII)Manganese (VII) Mn + 7Mn + 7
Math Skills…..Math Skills…..
Write formulas for the Write formulas for the following ionic compounds:following ionic compounds:
1.1. Lithium oxide Lithium oxide
2.2. Beryllium chlorideBeryllium chloride
3.3. Titanium (III) nitrideTitanium (III) nitride
4.4. Cobalt (III) hydroxideCobalt (III) hydroxide
LiO2
BeCl2
TiN
Co(OH)3
Naming Covalent Naming Covalent compoundscompounds
Covalent compounds Covalent compounds are named using are named using different rules than different rules than those used to name those used to name ionic compoundsionic compounds
Numerical prefixes Numerical prefixes are used to name are used to name covalent compounds covalent compounds of two elementsof two elements
Number of atoms Prefix 1 Mono 2 Di- 3 Tri- 4 Tetra- 5 Penta- 6 Hexa- 7 Hepta- 8 Octa- 9 Nona- 10 Deca-
Dinitrogen tetroxide N2O4
has 2 Nitrogen atoms and 4 Oxygen atoms.
What about covalent What about covalent compounds?compounds?
Many covalent compounds are named with Many covalent compounds are named with prefixes.prefixes.
Examples:Examples: COCO22
SOSO22
HH22OO55
Many covalent compounds Many covalent compounds are hydrocarbons with are hydrocarbons with special namesspecial names
Examples:Examples: CHCH44
CC22HH66
CC22HH44
CC22HH22
Naming non-binary Naming non-binary compounds (polyatomics)compounds (polyatomics)
Use the first element nameUse the first element name Add the polyatomic nameAdd the polyatomic name
****A ****A hinthint – any time you see a compound – any time you see a compound with three or more elements it is a good with three or more elements it is a good sign that it may include a polyatomic***sign that it may include a polyatomic***
CHECK YOUR LISTCHECK YOUR LIST
Example: NaNOExample: NaNO3 3 - -
Name these…..Name these…..
Mg(NOMg(NO33))22
Pb(OH)Pb(OH)22
CuCOCuCO33
KK33POPO44
NHNH44ClCl
Chemical Formulas for Chemical Formulas for Covalent CompoundsCovalent Compounds
A compound’s simplest formula as its A compound’s simplest formula as its empirical formulaempirical formula
Different compounds can have the same Different compounds can have the same empirical formulaempirical formula
Molecular formulas are determined from Molecular formulas are determined from empirical formulasempirical formulas
Check your Check your understandingunderstanding
ASSIGNMENTSASSIGNMENTS
Writing Binary formulasWriting Binary formulas
Naming Binary Compounds (Ionic)Naming Binary Compounds (Ionic)
Naming Binary Compounds (Covalent)Naming Binary Compounds (Covalent)
Formulas with Polyatomic IonsFormulas with Polyatomic Ions
Naming of Non-Binary CompoundsNaming of Non-Binary Compounds
Naming Compounds (Mixed)Naming Compounds (Mixed)
Compound Names and Compound Names and FormulasFormulas
Empirical formula – the simplest chemical Empirical formula – the simplest chemical formula of a compound that tells the formula of a compound that tells the smallest whole-number ratio of atoms in smallest whole-number ratio of atoms in the compoundthe compound
Molecular formula – a chemical formula Molecular formula – a chemical formula that reports the actual numbers of atoms that reports the actual numbers of atoms in one molecule of a compoundin one molecule of a compound
4.3