Ionic Compounds: Naming
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Transcript of Ionic Compounds: Naming
Ionic Compounds: Naming
Naming Binary Ionic Compounds
1. Always name metal (cation, + ion) first
2. Write stemstem of nonmetal (anion, - ion)
3. Add ending “ide” to nonmetal
Stems of nonmetals
Iod
Brom
Chlor
Fluor
Hydr is the stem for H
Tellur
SelenArsen
SulfPhosph
OxNitr
The First Step in NamingThe First Step in Naming
Find metal on Periodic Table If metal has only one oxidation state it’s easy If metal has more than one oxidation state, there’s an extra step
CaO 1. Name the metal◦Calcium
2. Find the stem for the nonmetal◦Oxygen – stem : Ox
3. Name of ionic compound ◦Calcium Oxide
Metals with one oxidation state CaO BaS AlN LiCl Al2Se3
Na2O K3N MgF2
calciumcalcium oxoxideide
bariumbarium sulfsulfideide
aluminum nitraluminum nitrideide
lithium chlorlithium chlorideide
aluminum selenaluminum selenideide
sodium oxsodium oxideidepotassium nitrpotassium nitrideide
magnesium fluormagnesium fluorideide
Metals with more than 1 oxidation state
•Use formula to figure out which oxidation # Use formula to figure out which oxidation # for the metal ionfor the metal ion– Ex: Fe can be Fe+2 oror Fe+3
•Name FeO and Fe2O3 – two differenttwo different compounds – cannot name both iron oxide – every formula has 1 name only
How to name FeO
Compounds are electrically neutral Oxygen is -2
FeOFeO
Name: Iron (II) oxideName: Iron (II) oxide(roman numeral II = charge on Fe)(roman numeral II = charge on Fe)
1 O which is -21 O which is -2
so Fe must be +2so Fe must be +2
Fe2O3
If we reverse the CRISS CROSS Oxygen has a -2 charge Iron (Fe) has a +3 charge
FeO and Fe2O3 Compounds are electrically neutral
Oxygen is -2
FeFe22OO33
Each O is -2Each O is -2
There are 3 O’sThere are 3 O’s3 X (-2) = -63 X (-2) = -6Total negative chargeTotal negative charge
Total positive Total positive charge must be +6charge must be +6
Each Fe is +3Each Fe is +3Iron (III) oxideIron (III) oxide
Name the following TiCl3
Mn2O4
Co2O3
PdBr2
AuCl3
MoN MnO TiO
Titanium (III) chlorideTitanium (III) chloride
Manganese (IV) oxideManganese (IV) oxide
Cobalt (III) oxideCobalt (III) oxide
Palladium (II) bromidePalladium (II) bromide
Gold (III) chlorideGold (III) chloride
Molybdenum (III) nitrideMolybdenum (III) nitride
Manganese (II) oxideManganese (II) oxide
Titanium (II) oxideTitanium (II) oxide
POLYATOMIC IONSPOLYATOMIC IONS group of covalently bonded atoms that have a charge Table E: (+)’ve or (–)’ve polyatomic ions have “names” (-) polyatomic ions can form ionic bonds with (+) metal ions
SOSO442-2- CO CO33
2-2- PO PO443-3- OH OH--
Ternary Compounds contain 3 or more elements usually contain a polyatomic ion
◦ if polyatomic is (+) it’s bonded to a nonmetal◦ if polyatomic is (–) it’s bonded to a metal◦sometimes 2 polyatomics are bonded together
Formulas with Formulas with polyatomicspolyatomics What’s the formula for the compound formed from Al+3 and SCN-1?
The charges must add up to zero, so write the symbols, positive first!
AlSCNAlSCN33
Try a few more: Na+1 and OH-1
K +1 and HCO3-1
Mg+2 and CO3-2
Li +1 and NO3-1
Ca+2 and SO4-2
NaOHNaOH
KHCOKHCO33
MgCOMgCO33
LiNOLiNO33
CaSOCaSO44
These are more challenging: Mg+2 and (PO4)-3
Al+3 and (NO3)-1
Fe+2 and OH-1
Hg2+2 and SCN-1
Mg+2 and HCO3-
Al+3 and C2O42-
MgMg33(PO(PO44))22
Al(NOAl(NO33))33
Fe(OH)Fe(OH)22
HgHg22(SCN)(SCN)22
Mg(HCOMg(HCO33))22
AlAl22(C(C22OO44))33
Some of the most challenging are
Zinc + Nitrate ion Magnesium + Hydroxide ion Lithium + Carbonate ion Potassium + Sulfate ion Calcium + Phosphate ion Beryllium + Chlorate ion
Zn(NOZn(NO33))22
Mg(OH)Mg(OH)22
LiLi22COCO33
KK22SOSO44
CaCa33(PO(PO44))22
Be (ClOBe (ClO33))22
Naming compounds with polyatomics
polyatomic ions have names (Table E)
naming is parallel to binary naming
positive always written first
if (+)’ve ion is a metal, check to see how many oxidation states it has ◦ if more than 1, name must have roman numeral
if (–)’ve ion is polyatomic - 2nd part of name is name of polyatomic (don’t modify ending)
Name the following•NaOHNaOH•KHCOKHCO33
•LiNOLiNO33
•CaSOCaSO44
•Al(NOAl(NO33))33
•Fe(OH)Fe(OH)22
•CuSOCuSO44
•CuSCNCuSCN
Sodium hydroxideSodium hydroxide
Potassium hydrogen carbonatePotassium hydrogen carbonate
Lithium nitrateLithium nitrate
Calcium sulfateCalcium sulfate
Aluminum nitrateAluminum nitrate
Iron (II) hydroxideIron (II) hydroxide
Copper (II) sulfateCopper (II) sulfate
Copper (I) thiocyanateCopper (I) thiocyanate
Summary for Binary Ionic Summary for Binary Ionic CompoundsCompounds
•Compounds are electrically neutral
•Formula: positive first
If metal has more than 1 oxidation state, name has roman numeral
•Name = metal + stem of nonmetal + ide