CHAPTER 4 GRAMMAR FOR GROWNUPS ENGLISH FOR CAREERS, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and...

CHAPTER 4CHAPTER 4

GRAMMAR FOR GROWNUPS

ENGLISH FOR CAREERS, 9th EditionBusiness, Professional, and Technicalby Leila R. SmithPresentation design by Barbara Moran

English for Careers, 9th EditionBusiness, Professional, and TechnicalBy Leila R. Smith

©2006 Pearson Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice HallUpper Saddle River, NJ 07458

After After completing completing Chapter 4, Chapter 4, you willyou will

apply your apply your knowledge of knowledge of the parts of the parts of speech to speech to understand understand the English the English principles principles that will help that will help your career.your career.



Let’s identify the basic tools of the Let’s identify the basic tools of the English “trade,” the parts of speechEnglish “trade,” the parts of speech



NOUNS NOUNS namename

skiing

studying management

birthday

week today



life

death birth

dependability

honesty persistenceinch

yard

computer

stationery

cup

duck pig

owl



NOUNSNOUNS namename

singerstudentexecutive

city home

college

CommonCommon NOUNS NOUNS begin begin with lowercase letters.with lowercase letters.

NOUNSNOUNS tell who/whom or what. tell who/whom or what.



ProperProper NOUNS NOUNS name specificname specific

and begin and begin with capital with capital letterslettersEnglish for Careers, 9th Edition

Business, Professional, and TechnicalBy Leila R. Smith


Dr. Baker Mr. Smith

Juanita George Washington

Business Department

Paris

Fido

Memorial Day

MiamiWhite House



A A PRONOUNPRONOUN is a word is a word used as a noun substitute:used as a noun substitute:

II me

which

allsome



AA VERBVERB

• Action verbs -- eat, love, count, runAction verbs -- eat, love, count, run• Being (and helping) verbs -- be, am, Being (and helping) verbs -- be, am,

seemseem• ““Possession verbs” -- has, have, Possession verbs” -- has, have,

had (double as helpers)had (double as helpers)English for Careers, 9th EditionBusiness, Professional, and TechnicalBy Leila R. Smith


Now meet Now meet adjectives and adverbsadjectives and adverbs

adjectivesadjectives tell something about tell something about a noun or pronouna noun or pronounthe four the four

kinds are:kinds are: pointingpointing, , descriptivedescriptive, , articlesarticles, , limitinglimiting

I like I like thosethose expensive, blueexpensive, blue shoes shoes because they are because they are comfortablecomfortable and go with and go with thethe mostmost outfits . outfits .



when Today we must begin work.

how Jones proceeded rapidly to work.

where Did you see the schedule there?

to what extent

The prosecutor did not

question him further.

Adverbs modify (describe or limit) verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. They add information about



other words or groups of words.other words or groups of words.Coordinating conjunctionsCoordinating conjunctions join words or join words or

groups of words that groups of words that areare equal. equal.

We met at the junction of FifthWe met at the junction of Fifth andand Elm Streets.Elm Streets. Subordinating Subordinating (dependent)(dependent) conjunctions conjunctions

join words or groups of words that join words or groups of words that aren’taren’t equal. equal.

We studied Chapter 1 many hoursWe studied Chapter 1 many hours becausebecause we we want a good grammar foundation.want a good grammar foundation.



PrepositionsPrepositions join nouns join nouns and pronouns to other and pronouns to other words in a sentence. words in a sentence.

Your cat is Your cat is underunder the chair. the chair.

Go Go throughthrough the door. the door.

Sit Sit besidebeside me. me.

I’m going I’m going toto Hawaii. Hawaii.



Prepositions show relationships. See how Prepositions show relationships. See how the preposition changes the relation of the preposition changes the relation of “object” (Mr. Lee) to verb (talked):“object” (Mr. Lee) to verb (talked):

Ellen often talked Ellen often talked with Mr. Lee.Mr. Lee.

Ellen often talked Ellen often talked about Mr. Lee.Mr. Lee.

Ellen often talked Ellen often talked to Mr. Lee.Mr. Lee.

See how the meaning has changed?See how the meaning has changed?English for Careers, 9th EditionBusiness, Professional, and TechnicalBy Leila R. Smith


express strong feelings.express strong feelings.



Let’s review!Let’s review!Identify what the words are Identify what the words are in the next sentence.in the next sentence.Are theyAre they

NOUNSVERBS

CONJUNCTIONS

PREPOSITIONS

ADJECTIVES

ADVERBS

PRONOUNS

EXCLAMATIONS





The brown puppy is by the bed, The brown puppy is by the bed, and he is chewing furiously on and he is chewing furiously on that new toy.that new toy.• The brown = adjectivesThe brown = adjectives• puppy = nounpuppy = noun• is = verbis = verb• by = prepositionby = preposition• the = adjective (article)the = adjective (article)• bed = nounbed = noun



The brown puppy is by the bed, The brown puppy is by the bed, and he is chewing furiously on and he is chewing furiously on that new toy.that new toy.• and = conjunctionand = conjunction• he = pronounhe = pronoun• is = verbis = verb• chewing = verbchewing = verb• furiously = adverbfuriously = adverb• on = prepositionon = preposition



The brown puppy is by the bed, The brown puppy is by the bed, and he is chewing furiously on and he is chewing furiously on that new toy.that new toy.

• that = adjective (pointing)that = adjective (pointing)• new = adjective (descriptive)new = adjective (descriptive)• toy = nountoy = noun

• You have advanced your You have advanced your knowledge of the parts of knowledge of the parts of speech to understand the speech to understand the English principles that will help English principles that will help your career.your career.

(Exclamation)(Exclamation)



CHAPTER 4 GRAMMAR FOR GROWNUPS ENGLISH FOR CAREERS, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and...

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