Chapter 39 notes The Stalemated Seventies

Nixon and Foreign PolicyRussia and China were clashing over their different ideas of communism.

Nixon tries to play off one against the other in VietnamKissinger National Sec Adv. AgreesKissinger met secretly with the N. Vietnamese in ParisMr. Anti communist goes to communist China in Feb. 1972 which paved the way for normalizing relations with China first recognition of the Chinese Government in 30 years.Nixon then visits Russia and ushers in detente

– Russia negotiates a grain deal– ABM treaty made

Salt treaty freezes the numbers of long range missiles

Secret bombing of Cambodia

1973 Americans were shocked that Nixon had ordered the bombing the neutral country of Cambodia

Even after we had ended the war with Vietnam to help the rightist government of CambodiaCongress tries to stop the bombing by cutting off funds but Nixon vetoes them but he does agree to stop in July 1973 and get approval from congress for any future actionCongress passes the war Powers Act in Nov. 1973

– Passed over Nixon veto– Pres. Must report to congress within 48 hours after committing

troops or enlarging combat units in a foreign country– 60 days unless congress extends it 30 days at a time

October war 1973 in middle East

Syrians and Egyptians attack IsraelKissinger goes to Moscow to keep the Soviets form supporting the Egyptians

Americas nuclear forces put on alert

Two billion in war goods sent to Israel which helps them win

Arabs place an oil embargo on U.S.

Embargo ends in March 1974 but it had sent a message we were too dependent

Nixon Domestically

Stagflation of the Seventies – high unemployment and inflation– Sudden slump in productivity

increasing amount of women and teens in the workforce

declining investment in new machinery

– Vietnam – Military spending and welfare spending are inherently inflationary (in the absence of offsetting tax collections), because they put dollars in people’s hands without adding to the supply of goods that those dollars can buy

Warren court

Appointed by Eisenhower but extremely liberal

Looks at individual rightsGideon v. WainwrightEscoedo v. Illinois

– Supreme court says that even a voluntary confession was inadmissible as evidence it was obtained after denying the defendant’s request to talk with an attorney.

Miranda v. Arizona– Court accused as crook coddling

Separation of church and state and prayer– Engle v. Vitale 1962

Also looks at Gerrymandering one man one vote

Nixon expands the power of the Nixon expands the power of the PresidencyPresidency

When Nixon did not like the way funds were appropriated he simply impounded them

Nixon was often expanding presidential power over the power of congress

Election of 1972Election of 1972

Nixon as the RepublicanNixon as the Republican– VietnamizationVietnamization

McGovern as the Democrat (peace now McGovern as the Democrat (peace now candidate)candidate)– Counted on 18 – 25 year old vote Counted on 18 – 25 year old vote

Landslide 520 – 17 in the electoral collegeLandslide 520 – 17 in the electoral college

Watergate

Occurred in the Watergate office complex in the Demo. National Headquarters.

CREEP organizes break inWhite house aids and then the pres. Orders a cover-upNixon white house was often involved in dirty tricks

Plummer unit created to plug leaks CIA and FBI and IRS used to audit wire tap and otherwise harass political opponents

Watergate continuedWatergate continued

Agnew Resigns for taking KickbacksFord made VPSaturday Night Massacre fires Archibald Cox because he tries to get Watergate tape this causes attorney general to resignNixon claims executive privilege to stop the release of the tapesIn U.S. v. Nixon supreme courts said tape must be given

Gaps found in tapes but also smoking gun

Nixon resigns

Fords Presidency

Ford pardons Nixon

– Ford tries to stop inflation voluntary with WIN– Ford Continue detente with Helsinki accords

Pledges signature countries to Human Rights

Carters PresidencyHumanitarian diplomacyHuman rightsCut foreign aid to repressive governments.Negotiates Salt II

Congress never acts on it dies when soviets invade Afghanistan

Agrees with panama to give back the Canal by 2000.Camp David agreements with Egypt and Israel.OPEC helps to fuel inflationCarter tries to end dependence on foreign oil.Soviets attack Afghanistan

Destroys Salt IICauses Olympic boycott 1980Causes a cancellations of Grain

Iranians Take American Hostages