Chapter 3: States of Matter

States of Matter

• Materials can be classified as solids, liquids, or gases based on whether their shapes and volumes are definite or variable.

• Three main types– Solids– Liquids– Gases

Solids

• Solid is the state of matter in which materials have a definite shape and a definite volume.

• Have a particular arrangement of atoms packed tightly together

Solids

Liquid

• A liquid is a form of matter that has a definite volume, but an indefinite shape.

• A liquid will take on the same shape as its container.

• Atoms are loosely connected in a liquid.

Liquid

Gas

• A gas is the state of matter in which a material has neither a definite shape or a definite volume.

Gas

Solid, Liquid, Gas

Other States of Matter

• Plasma-gases heated near 10,000 degrees celsius

• Nice work, Einstein– Groups of atoms behave as a single particle at

temperatures below -273 degrees celsius.– Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC)

Kinetic Theory

• Kinetic- to move

• All matter is made of…?

• Atoms are constantly in motion.

• Temperature determines how fast atoms move!

Kinetic Theory

• Kinetic energy is the energy an object has due to its motion.

• The faster an object moves, the greater its kinetic energy.

Kinetic Theory

• The kinetic theory states that all particles of matter are in constant motion.

• Theory helps explain the behavior of solids, liquids, and gases at varying temperatures.

Kinetic Theory

Explaining the behavior of Gases• Average speed of a particle of gas is 1600 Km

per hour!!• Atoms will hit each other and transfer kinetic

energy.• THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF KINETIC ENERGY WILL

REMAIN THE SAME!!!

Kinetic Theory of Gases

• The constant motion of particles in a gas allows a gas to fill a container of any shape or size.

• The particles in a gas are in constant, random motion.

• Motion of one particle is unaffected unless two particles collide.

Kinetic Theory of Liquids

• Why does a liquid not act like a gas?

Kinetic Theory of Liquids

• Particles in a liquid are MUCH closer than in that of a gas.

• Particles move MUCH slower than that of a gas

Kinetic Theory of Liquids

• Liquid particles can flow to new locations.

• Volume of a liquid is constant because forces of attraction keep the particles together.

• FORCES OF ATTRACTION BETWEEN PARTICLES IS GREAT IN A LIQUID.

Kinetic Theory of Solids

• Why does a solid not act like a liquid?

Kinetic Theory of Solids

• Particles of solids are in a relatively fixed position.

• Particles are in solid vibrations around fixed locations.

• Particles do not flow, their speed is the SLOWEST of all states of matter.