September 24, 2013

Chapter 3 Section 1 Solids, Liquids, and

Gases

**Materials can be classified as solids, liquids, or gases based on whether their shapes and volumes are definite or variable.

September 24, 2013

SOLIDS:

• Have a definite shape and volume • Particles are close together and held tightly

How the atoms in a solid would appear

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LIQUIDS:

• Have a definite volume but change shape

• Particles are close together, but not held as

tightly as a solid.

How the atoms in a liquid would appear

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GASES:

• No definite shape or volume

How the atoms in a gas would appear

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PLASMA: (the other state of matter)

• No definite shape• Conducts electric current • Common in stars• Harmful to living things (too much energy)• 99% of matter is in plasma state

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Kinetic Energy:The energy of motion

Kinetic Theory of Matter:Says that all particles of matter are in constant motion.

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Behavior of Gases:

Particles in a gas are never at rest.

The constant motion of particles in a gas allows a gas to fill a container of any shape or size.

There are forces of attraction among the particles in all matter.

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Kinetic Theory of Gases:

2. The motion of one particle is unaffected by the motion of other particles unless the particles collide

3. Forces of attraction among particles in a gas can be ignored under ordinary conditions.

1. Particles in a gas are in constant, random motion

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Behavior of Liquids:

A liquid takes the shape of its container becauseparticles in a liquid can flow to new locations. The volume of a liquid is constant because forces of attraction keep the particles close together.

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Behavior of Solids:

Solids have a definite volume and shape because particles in a solid vibrate around fixed locations.

September 24, 2013

Behavior of Solids:

Solids have a definite volume and shape because particles in a solid vibrate around fixed locations.

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Concept Check 1.) True/False: A solid has a definite volume but can

change shape2.) True/False. A gases particles are never at rest.3.) True/False. The Kinetic Theory of Matter states that particles of matter are always in constant motion.4.) Which state of matter has a definite volume but can change shape?

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Pressure Is the result of a force distributed over

an area.

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Factors That Affect Gas Pressure1.) Temperature

Raising the temperature of a gas will increase its pressure of the volume of the gas if the number of particles are constant.

2.) VolumeReducing the volume of a gas increases its pressure if

the temperature of the gas and the number of particles are constant

3.) Number of ParticlesIncreasing the number of particles will

increase the pressure of a gas if the temperature and the volume are constant.

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Phase ChangeThe reversible physical change that occurs

when a substance changes from one state of matter to another.

The temperature of a substance does not change during a phase change

During a phase change, energy is either absorbed or released

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EndothermicThe system absorbs energy from its surroundings

Examples: melting, vaporization, sublimation

ExothermicThe system releases energy to its surroundings

Examples: freezing, deposition, condensation

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Phase Changes:Melting - SOLID to LIQUIDFreezing - LIQUID to SOILD

Vaporization - LIQUID to GAS (Evaporation & Boiling)

Condensation - GAS to LIQUID Ex: Dew

Sublimation - SOLID to GAS Ex: dry iceDeposition - GAS to SOLID Ex: frost