There are four states of matter… Solids Liquids Gases Plasmas.
Solids, Liquids, Gases & Plasmas
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Transcript of Solids, Liquids, Gases & Plasmas
Solids, Liquids, Gases & PlasmasChapter 16
The Kinetic Theory•An explanation of how particles of matter
behave▫All matter is composed of small particles
(atoms, ions, molecules)▫These particles are in constant, random
motion▫These particles collide with themselves and
their container
Thermal Energy•Total amount of energy in matter,
including kinetic (moving) and potential (held in bonds between molecules)
•As temperature lowers, the thermal energy goes down and the particles tend to vibrate
•At higher temperatures, the particles move very quickly
Temperature and Kinetic Energy• Temperature is the
measure of the kinetic energy of the particles in a substance
• The lower the temperature, the lower the kinetic energy (movement) of the particles
Solid State• In a solid, the particles are
tightly packed together • They vibrate against each
other• Chemical and physical
properties can be attributed to the arrangement of particles
• Definite size, shape and volume
Liquid State• Melting point– point
where a solid turns into a liquid
• Particles move faster than in a solid
• Heat of fusion- heat needed to turn a solid into a liquid
• No definite shape, has definite volume
• Flows freely
Gas State• Very fast molecular
movement• Do not have a definite
volume or shape• Vaporization- a liquid
turns into a gas when heat is applied
• Evaporation can occur at lower temperatures off the surface of the liquid
Boiling Point• Temperature where liquid
boils and liquid begins to turn into a gas
• Heat of vaporization- amount of energy required to turn a liquid into a gas
Sublimation• A solid changing into a
gas• Skips the liquid state• Ex. Dry ice
Heating Curve of a Liquid
Phase Diagram
Plasma State• Consists of positive and
negative particles• Most common state of
matter in the universe• Exists where temperature
is very, very high• Ex, the sun, lightening,
neon tubes and auroras
Thermal Expansion• The increase in size of
something when temperature increases
• When they cool down, they shrink because the molecules aren’t moving around as much
• Thermal expansion of liquids explain why liquid in thermometers rise
• Thermal expansion of gas is how hot air balloons work
Strange Behavior of Water• Water behaves differently• When water cools down,
the molecules become further apart
• The explains why ice floats in water
Boyle’s Law•If you decrease the volume, then you
increase the pressure•If you increase the volume, then the
pressure of the gas decreases•Inversely proportional
Charles Law•Temperature of a gas increases, the
volume increases•Temperature of a gas decreases, so does
the volume•Ex. Put a balloon in the freezer it shrinks