CHAPTER 3LIFE IN THE EASTERN

HEMISPHEREp. 100-119

Chapter Walk Unit Number and Title: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Unit’s Essential Question: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

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Chapter Number and Title: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Main Idea for Each Lesson:

One: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Three: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Two: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Four: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Based on the data you have recorded so far, think about what you are thinking. What do you know about these concepts? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Based on the statement(s) above, make a prediction about what your biggest takeaway from this chapter will be… _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Flip through the pages of each lesson. Pay attention to informational text features (See your chart as needed). Identify the feature and the example: Feature: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Page#_ _ _ Example: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Feature: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Page#_ _ _ Example: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ As you scan the pages, which reading strategies seem to be most prevalent? Cite three.

Strategy: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Page # _ _ _ _ _ _ Strategy: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Page # _ _ _ _ _ _ Strategy: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Page # _ _ _ _ _ _ Which images/graphics strike you? Record the page number and draft a question for each.

Page # _ _ _ _ _ _ Question: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Page # _ _ _ _ _ _ Question: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Examine the Chapter Review pages. Scan each of the questions and activities. State one question or activity that is the most interesting to you. In other words, which one would you like to learn MOST about? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

LESSON 3: EUROPEAN EXPLORERSP. 110-115

EQ: Why did European explorers develop routes to Africa and Asia in the 1400s? Vocabulary:SagaRenaissanceNavigationSlave trade

Name: ___________________________________________ Date: ___________ Period: _______ _____/18 = ________%

94 89 83 78 72 67 61 56 50 44 History of Exploration Video Study Guide

1. Why did the Phoenicians explore as far north as England?

A. They were searching for more land to colonize. B. They were searching for tin to make bronze weapons

and tools. C. They were searching for a northern passage to Asia. D. They were searching for new weapons and tools.

2. Why did early explorers tend to follow coastlines?

A. They were afraid to go too far into the ocean B. Maps of the time only showed coastlines C. They could tell where they were and avoid storms at sea D. They were not allowed to travel more than 20 miles from

the coast

3. An advantage of bulkheads on ancient Chinese ships was that….

A. there were watertight compartments to protect trading cargo

B. the ships were unsinkable C. if one compartment flooded, the whole ship was not

in danger of sinking D. mariners had more privacy on long journeys

4. Why is Admiral Zheng He famous in the history of exploration?

A. He was the first to explore all 7 continents B. He was the most intelligent emperor of his time C. He understood how to make maps D. He made seven successful major seas voyages

5. Why are the Arabs considered the middlemen in the trade between the east and the west?

A. Arabs enjoyed the interaction between cultures B. Arabs were the wealthiest nation at the time C. Arabs wanted to become wealthy D. Arabs were located in the middle of the countries to

their east and west

6. How did the Polynesians navigate the uncharted Pacific Ocean?

A. They used a compass to know which direction was north.

B. They followed constellations in the night sky. C. They identified routes of migratory birds. D. Both B and C.

7. Mariners and explorers needed a _______ to keep ______ at sea to determine their ________.

A. chronometer...time...latitude B. chronometer...time...longitude C. clock...time...latitude D. compass...direction...longitude

8. What contributions did Ptolemy make to our understanding of place in the world?

A. He made maps including latitude & longitude B. He traveled all over the world C. He was the wealthiest man during his time because he

traded so much D. He wrote several books on religion

9. Why did Europe explore so vigorously after the 15th century?

A. They enjoyed gaining power B. They were told by their governments they had to

continue exploring C. They were most interested in trade including gold, silver,

spices, and slaves D. Learning different languages was important to their

culture

10. Prince Henry the Navigator helped to expand European exploration by...

A. by organizing a research center for geographers, map makers, shipbuilders and others

B. developing the caravel, a ship which could hold cargo for long voyages

C. insisting that captains keep careful records to continually improve maps

D. all of the above

VOCABULARY

11. ___ Exploration A. Durable ocean-going cargo ship that the Portuguese and other Europeans used to navigate the world during the Golden Age of Exploration

12. ___ Papyrus B. A navigational tool that was invented by Arab scientists and was used at sea by the 16th century. Used to determine latitude.

13. ___ Latitude C. Imaginary lines around the Earth that run in a north-south directions.

14. ___ Astrolabe D. The process of investigating in search of a goal, such as wealth, information, or colonization.

15. ___ Backstaff E. Imaginary lines around the Earth that run in an east-west direction.

16. ___ Longitude F. A type of reed plant found along the Nile River from which Egyptians manufactured writing paper.

17. ___ Chronometer G. A navigational tool that was used to determine latitude in which the navigator could use the tool with his back to the sun, preserving his eyesight

18. ___ Caravel H. A navigational tool that was used to keep accurate time at sea and invented by John Harrison

AH

G

FE

D

C

B

Explorers f rom Scandinavia Traveled to Greenland Spoken tale passed on f rom one generation to the next Age that marked a new beginning in arts and sciences and a desire to learn more about the world Invented the printing press Portuguese ruler who took lead in 1420s in developing new trade route to Asia Buying and selling of human beings Explorer whose ships were blown by storm around southern tip of Af rica into Indian Ocean

Sailed to India in 1497 Portuguese merchants settled there, bought spices at low prices, and shipped them back to Europe

Vikings

Eric the Red

Saga

Renaissance

Johann Gutenberg

Prince Henry the Navigator

Slave trade

Bartolomeu Dias

Vasco de Gama

Calicut India

BRAINPOP Silk Road Middle Ages Vikings

COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING WORKSHEETS AND GLUE INTO YOUR NOTEBOOK.

1

8

910

7

6

5

4

32

982 Eric the Red discovers Greenland

1400 China builds a naval fleet

1350 Renaissance begins

1274 Marco Polo reaches China

1000 Leif Ericson lands in North America

1450 Gutenberg develops printing press1433 Zheng He dies

1420 Portuguese find new sea routes1405 Zheng He leads

Chinese fleet

1498 Da Gama reaches India

Sourcing the Fifteenth-Century Slave Trade: The Portuguese in West Africa (1455-1456) Alvise da Cadamosto Introduction Many factors, including economic depression and innovations in seafaring technology, inspired the Portuguese to take the lead in the exploration of West Africa by Europeans during the early fifteenth century. Under the guidance and sponsorship of Prince Henry the Navigator (1394-1460), Portuguese sailors pushed south along the African coast, collecting information about the weather, topography, and people they encountered. As Portugal sent out expeditions searching for a direct route to Asian markets, Prince Henry made good use of the data accumulated by his explorers, establishing large sugar plantations on various islands off the West African coast. Purchasing African natives to work these new plantations began another profitable financial venture for the Portuguese: the slave trade. Venetian explorer Alvise da Cadamosto helped the Portuguese considerably by charting coastal Senegal and Gambia for them in two voyages. His account of these trips demonstrates the developing social and economic relationships between Europeans, Arabs, and sub-Saharan Africans at the dawn of the age of European expansion. Source You should also know that behind this Cauo Bianco on the land, is a place called Hoden,1 which is about six days inland by camel. This place is not walled, but is frequented by Arabs, and is a market where the caravans arrive from Tanbutu [Timbuktu], and from other places in the land of the Blacks, on their way to our nearer Barbary. The food of the peoples of this place is dates, and barley, of which there is sufficient, for they grow in some of these places, but not abundantly. They drink the milk of camels and other animals, for they have no wine. They also have cows and goats, but not many, for the land is dry. Their oxen and cows, compared with ours, are small. You should know that the said Lord Infante of Portugal [the crown prince, Henry the Navigator] has leased this island of Argin to Christians [for ten years], so that no one can enter the bay to trade with the Arabs save those who hold the license. These have dwellings on the island and factories where they buy and sell with the said Arabs who come to the coast to trade for merchandise of various kinds, such as woollen cloths, cotton, silver, and "alchezeli," that is, cloaks, carpets, and similar articles and above all, corn, for they are always short of food. They give in exchange slaves whom the Arabs bring from the land of the Blacks, and gold tiber. The Lord Infante therefore caused a castle to be built on the island to protect this trade for ever. For this reason, Portuguese caravels are coming and going all the year to this island. These Arabs also have many Berber horses, which they trade, and take to the Land of the Blacks,

of Barbary, silver, and other goods, obtaining in exchange any number of these slaves, and some gold. These slaves are brought to the market and town of Hoden; there they are divided: some go to the mountains of Barcha, and thence to Sicily, [others to the said town of Tunis and to all the coasts of Barbary], and others again are taken to this place, Argin, and sold to the Portuguese leaseholders. As a result every year the Portuguese carry away from Argin a thousand slaves. Note that before this traffic was organized, the Portuguese caravels, sometimes four, sometimes more, were wont to come armed to the Golfo d'Argin, and descending on the land by night, would assail the fisher villages, and so ravage the land. Thus they took of these Arabs both men and women, and carried them to Portugal for sale: behaving in a like manner along all the rest of the coast, which stretches from Cauo Bianco to the Rio di Senega and even beyond. Source: Alvise da Cadamosto, "Description of Capo Bianco and the Islands Nearest to It," in J . H. Parry, European Reconnaissance: Selected Documents (New York: Walker, 1968), 59-61 Use the text evidence to answer the questions below: 1. What makes this a primary source to Portuguese exploration of the African Coast in the 15th century? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Identify at least three food products native or popular to the land known as Hoden. __________________________________________ ______________________________________ ______ ___________________________________ 3. In your own words, describe how slaves are acquired by the Portuguese. Is this process direct, or are there actions such as trade involved prior to the slaves being taken by the Portuguese? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. This document comes to us from a Venetian sailing for Portugal in the 1450s. By the end of the century many Italians (including Columbus) would sail not for their native states, but for Portugal or Spain. What political and economic circumstances might account for this? __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________

Although the account was published in a book in1968, it is the original account from Alvise da Cadamosto, who traveled to West Africa between 1455-56. The Portuguese were slave traders in the 1400s.

Dates, barley, camel milk, goats, cows, oxen

This process is indirect. Arabs come to the coast to trade with the Portuguese for woolen cloths, cotton, silver, corn, horses, etc. for slaves they have acquired from Africa.

Countries such as Italy could not finance such large expeditions. Portugal was gaining large profits from the slave trade to support significant expeditions. Many European countries were competing against each other for land and riches.