Chapter 3.Chapter 3.

Causes of the Civil WarCauses of the Civil War

Differences Divide North and SouthDifferences Divide North and South

EconomyEconomy

PopulationPopulation

SlaverySlavery

Students create 4 row/3 column chart in notebook-see example on next slide

Read & do interactive workbook page 28

Economic DifferencesEconomic Differences

NorthNorth Factories for Factories for

manufacturing goods manufacturing goods (textiles, tools)(textiles, tools)

Less farmingLess farming

SouthSouth Farming-Farming-cottoncotton, ,

corn, cattle, pigscorn, cattle, pigs• mostly small farmsmostly small farms

large plantationslarge plantations

Students write on foldable

The NorthThe North

Factories brought many people to the North in search of work.

The SouthThe SouthFarming remained the main way to earn a livingFarming remained the main way to earn a living– Most were small one family farmsMost were small one family farms

Cut lumber, raised cattle, and raised just enough food for Cut lumber, raised cattle, and raised just enough food for their own familiestheir own families

Cotton

Slaves had to work tediously with their hands to gather cotton.

This was a long process as the seeds had to be removed by hands, too.

Slaves helping on cotton plantation

Plantation LifePlantation Life

– Huge plantationsHuge plantationsNeeded a lot of workersNeeded a lot of workers

Used slave laborUsed slave labor

Differences in PopulationDifferences in Population

NorthNorthMore people began More people began moving to cities to moving to cities to workwork

Immigration (People Immigration (People from other countries from other countries moved to the North)moved to the North)

Population grew Population grew rapidly to over 19 rapidly to over 19 million PEOPLE!!!million PEOPLE!!!

SouthSouthFewer peopleFewer people

Students write on foldable

Differences with SlaveryDifferences with Slavery

NorthNorth No slaves in North No slaves in North

(except border states)(except border states) Against slavery in WestAgainst slavery in West

SouthSouth Allowed slavery Allowed slavery

(needed for (needed for plantations)plantations)

Wanted slavery to Wanted slavery to expand to Westexpand to West

Students write on foldableHomework-WB pg. 30*****

““King Cotton”King Cotton”Cotton was hard to prepare for marketCotton was hard to prepare for market– The little seeds had to be separated from the The little seeds had to be separated from the

cotton.cotton.– This was very hard to do and took a LOT of This was very hard to do and took a LOT of

TIMETIME– Eli Whitney invented the Eli Whitney invented the cotton gincotton gin

Made cleaning cotton easierMade cleaning cotton easier

Farmers grew more cotton and made more Farmers grew more cotton and made more moneymoney

Needed more slaves to work the cotton Needed more slaves to work the cotton

Text pg. 86

Add abolitionist to academic vocab

Abolitionist- someone who joined the movement to abolish, or end, slavery

Make 1 flip book with the following 8 Make 1 flip book with the following 8 important peopleimportant people

Abraham LincolnAbraham LincolnHarriet TubmanHarriet TubmanGeneral Ulysses S. GrantGeneral Ulysses S. GrantGeneral Robert E. LeeGeneral Robert E. LeeJefferson DavisJefferson DavisClara BartonClara BartonFrederick DouglassFrederick DouglassChief Justice Roger TaneyChief Justice Roger Taney

As we complete our lessons, write in facts as we come to these people.

Africans in Slavery and FreedomAfricans in Slavery and Freedom

Life Under SlaveryLife Under Slavery– Slave CodesSlave Codes

Laws for slavesLaws for slaves– Slaves could not leave owners’ landSlaves could not leave owners’ land– Could not buy or sell goodsCould not buy or sell goods– Not allowed to learn to read or writeNot allowed to learn to read or write– Treated as property with very few privileges (Dred Scott)Treated as property with very few privileges (Dred Scott)

Coping with SlaveryCoping with Slavery

– SpiritualsSpiritualsFormed close knit groups to help each otherFormed close knit groups to help each other

Sang religious songs to give them strengthSang religious songs to give them strength

OverseersOverseers

Hired to watch the slaves work and punish them if Hired to watch the slaves work and punish them if they fell behind.they fell behind.

The Slave EconomyThe Slave Economy

Many people began to turn against slaveryMany people began to turn against slavery

Cost of owning slaves was too high for Cost of owning slaves was too high for mostmost

Most slaves worked on large plantations.Most slaves worked on large plantations.

Very few white Southerners could afford to Very few white Southerners could afford to own slaves.own slaves.

Running AwayRunning Away

Running AwayRunning Away– Many chose to run away Many chose to run away – Found safe places to hideFound safe places to hide

Indians protected someIndians protected someHid in forest, swamps, and mountainsHid in forest, swamps, and mountainsSome made it to the free North, some to Canada and others Some made it to the free North, some to Canada and others went south to Mexicowent south to MexicoMany were helped by the Many were helped by the Underground RailroadUnderground RailroadMany were caught and punished for trying to escape.Many were caught and punished for trying to escape.

The Underground RailroadThe Underground Railroad

– System of escape routes leading to freedomSystem of escape routes leading to freedom– Members were called conductorsMembers were called conductors– Hiding places were called stationsHiding places were called stations– Harriet Tubman was most famousHarriet Tubman was most famous

An escaped slaveAn escaped slave

Returned to the South over 20 times to help Returned to the South over 20 times to help othersothers

Harriet Tubman Harriet Tubman Helped slaves escape from the South Helped slaves escape from the South to the North using the Underground to the North using the Underground Railroad.Railroad.

Frederick DouglassFrederick DouglassEscaped slave and editor of an Escaped slave and editor of an abolitionist newspaper, North Star.abolitionist newspaper, North Star.

A Nation DividedA Nation Divided

New CompromisesNew Compromises

Henry ClayHenry Clay– Worked hard to settle differences dividing the Worked hard to settle differences dividing the

nation.nation.– Congressman from KentuckyCongressman from Kentucky– Free state: didn’t want slavery.Free state: didn’t want slavery.– Slave state: wanted slaverySlave state: wanted slavery– Everything was EVEN until Missouri became Everything was EVEN until Missouri became

a state. a state.

The Missouri CompromiseThe Missouri Compromise

Asked to join the U.S. as a slave stateAsked to join the U.S. as a slave state

This would make more slave states than This would make more slave states than free.free.

Missouri would join as a slave state AND Missouri would join as a slave state AND Maine would join as a free state.Maine would join as a free state.

Imaginary line would be drawn through the Imaginary line would be drawn through the rest of the Louisiana territoryrest of the Louisiana territory

Solutions to the ProblemSolutions to the Problem

North of the line = Free StatesNorth of the line = Free States

South of the line = Slave statesSouth of the line = Slave states

Results of the Missouri Results of the Missouri Compromise of 1820Compromise of 1820

Kept the peace for nearly 30 yearsKept the peace for nearly 30 years

Six new states joined the Union – 3 slave Six new states joined the Union – 3 slave and 3 free….still equal in numberand 3 free….still equal in number

AND THEN along came…AND THEN along came…CaliforniaCalifornia

The Compromise of 1850The Compromise of 1850

Henry Clay to the rescue AGAINHenry Clay to the rescue AGAIN

California = FreeCalifornia = Free

New Mexico and Utah territories= people New Mexico and Utah territories= people would decidewould decide

Henry Clay, the Great Henry Clay, the Great CompromiserCompromiser

Died in 1852Died in 1852

Never gave up hope in finding peaceful Never gave up hope in finding peaceful solutions to problemssolutions to problems

On his grave marker it says,On his grave marker it says,– ““I know no North – no South – No East – No I know no North – no South – No East – No

West”West”

Hopes for Peace FadeHopes for Peace Fade

Kansas-Nebraska ActKansas-Nebraska Act

Gave people living there the choice by Gave people living there the choice by voting voting

Hundreds moved in to “vote” on whether to Hundreds moved in to “vote” on whether to be a free or slave state.be a free or slave state.

Tempers FLARED and over 200 people Tempers FLARED and over 200 people were killed in the disputewere killed in the dispute

Nicknamed Nicknamed “ Bleeding Kansas”“ Bleeding Kansas”

Fugitive Slave LawFugitive Slave Law

A new law that said:A new law that said:– Anyone caught helping slaves escape would Anyone caught helping slaves escape would

be punished.be punished.– If you found a runaway slave, you had to If you found a runaway slave, you had to

return them to their owner.return them to their owner.

Fugitive-a person who is running away.

Free AfricansFree Africans

Not all Africans were slavesNot all Africans were slaves– Some were former slaves freed by their Some were former slaves freed by their

ownersowners– Others had bought their freedomOthers had bought their freedom– Some had escaped to freedomSome had escaped to freedom– Many lived in the cities where they had a Many lived in the cities where they had a

better chance to workbetter chance to work

Life for Africans…Life for Africans…

Life for most Africans, free or not, was still Life for most Africans, free or not, was still hard because:hard because:– Unwelcome in many placesUnwelcome in many places– Often treated unfairlyOften treated unfairly– Had little freedomHad little freedom– Not allowed to vote or meet in groupsNot allowed to vote or meet in groups– Could not attend school or have certain jobsCould not attend school or have certain jobs

Whites Only

HarrietBeecherStowe

1811 - 1896

HarrietBeecherStowe

1811 - 1896So this is the lady

who started the Civil War.

-- Abraham Lincoln

So this is the lady who started the Civil War.

-- Abraham Lincoln

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

1852

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

1852 Sold 300,000 copies inthe first year.

2 million in a decade!

Sold 300,000 copies inthe first year.

2 million in a decade!

Fighting BackFighting Back

Fighting BackFighting Back– Most resisted slavery ( act against)Most resisted slavery ( act against)– Quiet ways they resistedQuiet ways they resisted

Broke tools, left gates open to let the farm animals out, let Broke tools, left gates open to let the farm animals out, let boats drift away, hid stuff the owners needed and acted like boats drift away, hid stuff the owners needed and acted like they knew nothing about it at allthey knew nothing about it at all

Dred Scott Case (1857)Dred Scott Case (1857)

Supreme Court ruled that once a slave, Supreme Court ruled that once a slave, living in a free state, didn’t change that.living in a free state, didn’t change that.

Said Scott had “none of the rights and Said Scott had “none of the rights and privileges” of American citizensprivileges” of American citizens

Also said Congress had no right to outlaw Also said Congress had no right to outlaw slavery because the Constitution protects slavery because the Constitution protects people’s right to own PROPERTY and people’s right to own PROPERTY and slaves were PROPERTY!!!slaves were PROPERTY!!!

Chief Justice Roger Taney

Supreme Court Chief Justice in Dred Scott Case who ruled that slaves were property.

Violent ResistanceViolent Resistance

– Violent ways to resistViolent ways to resistNat Turner’s RevoltNat Turner’s Revolt

– Led an attack killing 57 peopleLed an attack killing 57 people– He and others were caught, tried in court, and hangedHe and others were caught, tried in court, and hanged

John Brown’s RebellionJohn Brown’s Rebellion

John Brown’s rebellion at Harper’s FerryJohn Brown’s rebellion at Harper’s Ferry– A white abolitionistA white abolitionist– Stole guns from Harper’s Ferry warehouse to give to Stole guns from Harper’s Ferry warehouse to give to

slavesslaves– Caught, tried, and hangedCaught, tried, and hanged

Slavery IssueSlavery Issue

SlaverySlavery– Chief Justice Roger TaneyChief Justice Roger Taney said that slaves said that slaves

were property in the Dred Scott case.were property in the Dred Scott case.– Settlers from the South who moved west took Settlers from the South who moved west took

their slavestheir slaves– Settlers from the North didn’t own slaves and Settlers from the North didn’t own slaves and

thought slavery was wrong.thought slavery was wrong.– WHO would WIN Would there be slavery in WHO would WIN Would there be slavery in

the new territories or NOT???the new territories or NOT???

WB pg. 37

Missouri Compromise-Missouri made a slave state & Maine made a free state; line drawn across country (N-free) (S-slave)

Compromise of 1850-CA=free state popular sovereignty; people voted slavery or not

Kansas-Nebraska Act-Kansas and Nebraska voted slavery or not

Pg. 37 cont.

3 events that increased tension..– Bleeding Kansas– Dred Scott Case– Fugitive Slave Law– John Brown’s Raid– Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote “Uncle Tom’s

Cabin”

Text pages 102-107

Tab book –add VIP (see following slides)

Abraham Lincoln

16th President of the USA; He thought slavery was morally and socially wrong

Jefferson Davis

President of the Confederate States of America (South) during Civil War

WB pg. 40

Across1-Confederacy2-secession3-Lincoln4-slaveryDown1-Civil War5-Davis

6.

Kentucky

Illinois

Lawyer

Republican

Congress

abolition

7.

Confederate

Fort Sumter

Supplies

Civil War

Abraham Lincoln works for ChangeAbraham Lincoln works for Change

Violence because of the Kansas-Nebraska act Violence because of the Kansas-Nebraska act got everyone’s attentiongot everyone’s attentionAbraham Lincoln was against the SPREAD of Abraham Lincoln was against the SPREAD of slaveryslaveryRepublican Party formed to fight the spread of Republican Party formed to fight the spread of slavery.slavery.Lincoln ran for Senator Lincoln ran for Senator Stephen A. Douglas, author of the Kansas-Stephen A. Douglas, author of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, was his OPPONENT! The battle Nebraska Act, was his OPPONENT! The battle is ON………is ON………

The Lincoln-Douglas DebatesThe Lincoln-Douglas Debates

Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln

Tall, thin man from Tall, thin man from the frontierthe frontier

Wore plain dark Wore plain dark clothesclothes

Not well-knownNot well-known

Stephen DouglasStephen Douglas

Heavy and a foot Heavy and a foot shorter than Lincolnshorter than Lincoln

Well educated Well educated

Wore fine clothesWore fine clothes

SenatorSenator

Well-knownWell-known

Both were powerful public speakers

DouglasDouglas

Each new state should decide the slavery Each new state should decide the slavery question for itself.question for itself.

LincolnLincoln

““The framers of the Constitution intended The framers of the Constitution intended slavery to end.”slavery to end.”

The problem is that slavery is WRONG!The problem is that slavery is WRONG!

Senate WinnerSenate Winner

Stephen Douglas was re-elected to the Stephen Douglas was re-elected to the Senate.Senate.

But….now everyone knew who Abraham But….now everyone knew who Abraham Lincoln was!!!Lincoln was!!!

Douglas Wins!

The Election of 1860The Election of 1860

Democratic Party candidate: DouglasDemocratic Party candidate: Douglas

Democratic Party south: BreckinridgeDemocratic Party south: Breckinridge

Republican Party: LINCOLNRepublican Party: LINCOLN

Stephen A. DouglasStephen A. Douglas

West should decide for themselves about West should decide for themselves about slavery.slavery.

John BreckinridgeJohn Breckinridge

Democratic candidate popular with Democratic candidate popular with southernerssoutherners

Government should allow slavery Government should allow slavery everywhere in the West.everywhere in the West.

Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln

Republican candidateRepublican candidate

Against the SPREAD of slaveryAgainst the SPREAD of slavery

Promised not to stop slavery in the South Promised not to stop slavery in the South where it was already practiced.where it was already practiced.

Said he hoped it would one day END Said he hoped it would one day END there, too.there, too.

Worried White SouthernersWorried White Southerners

Many in the South were afraid if Lincoln Many in the South were afraid if Lincoln were elected, slavery would be outlawed.were elected, slavery would be outlawed.

Some even said they would LEAVE the Some even said they would LEAVE the Union if Lincoln was elected.Union if Lincoln was elected.

Lincoln Elected PresidentLincoln Elected President

November 6, 1860November 6, 1860December 20, 1860 South Carolina’s leaders December 20, 1860 South Carolina’s leaders seceded from the Union.seceded from the Union.Later SIX other southern states seceded:Later SIX other southern states seceded:– MississippiMississippi– FloridaFlorida– AlabamaAlabama– GeorgiaGeorgia– LouisianaLouisiana– TexasTexas

The Confederate States of AmericaThe Confederate States of America

South CarolinaSouth Carolina

MississippiMississippi

FFloridalorida

LLouisianaouisiana

AAlabamalabama

GGeorgiaeorgia

TexasTexas

Fort SumterFort Sumter

Some advised Lincoln to “Let the states Some advised Lincoln to “Let the states go”go”

Others said, “Give in on the slavery Others said, “Give in on the slavery question.”question.”

Still others said, “Use the ARMY to end Still others said, “Use the ARMY to end their revolt!”their revolt!”

Lincoln’s ChoicesLincoln’s Choices

He wanted to prevent war.He wanted to prevent war.

““We are not enemies, but friends.”We are not enemies, but friends.”

THE VERY NEXT DAYTHE VERY NEXT DAY

An important message came from An important message came from Major Robert Anderson Major Robert Anderson commander at Fort Sumter:commander at Fort Sumter:

Urgent!Urgent!

Message from Commander AndersonMessage from Commander Anderson

Supplies at the Fort are almost gone. If new supplies are not sent soon, we will be forced to surrender the fort to the Confederacy.

What to Do???What to Do???

If I send supplies…Southerners might If I send supplies…Southerners might attack.attack.

If I send troops….Southerners WILL If I send troops….Southerners WILL attack.attack.

If I do nothing…the commander will have If I do nothing…the commander will have to surrender.to surrender.

DecisionDecision

Lincoln decided to send supply ships Lincoln decided to send supply ships

And see what the Southerners would doAnd see what the Southerners would do

Confederate President DavisConfederate President Davis

Davis decided to take over the fort Davis decided to take over the fort BEFORE the supply ships arrived.BEFORE the supply ships arrived.

Demanded them to surrender.Demanded them to surrender.

NEVER!NEVER!

The Confederate troops FIRED on the fort, The Confederate troops FIRED on the fort, Major Anderson and his men ran out of Major Anderson and his men ran out of ammunition and had to give up.ammunition and had to give up.

The Civil War has Begun!The Civil War has Begun!

Lincoln called for Americans to join the Lincoln called for Americans to join the army to stop the rebellion.army to stop the rebellion.Frightened southern states not in the Frightened southern states not in the Confederacy now joined with the other 7 Confederacy now joined with the other 7 states.states.Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina Carolina

1111 States Strong States Strong

Causes of the Civil WarCauses of the Civil WarNorth and South DisagreeNorth and South Disagree

States’ Rights-Tariffs (Taxes) States’ Rights-Tariffs (Taxes)

Conflicts over SlaveryConflicts over Slavery

Abraham Lincoln elected 16Abraham Lincoln elected 16thth President President

Add into notes in journal

Cause-EffectCause-Effect

Lincoln elected President-Nov. 6, 1860Lincoln elected President-Nov. 6, 1860

South Carolina left Union-Dec. 20, 1860 South Carolina left Union-Dec. 20, 1860

Confederates attack Fort Sumter on April Confederates attack Fort Sumter on April 12,1861.12,1861.

Add to Notes in journal

THE AMERICAN CIVIL WARTHE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR

1861-1865