Biology of Plants

Page 72 in your Notebook

• Divide into 4 partsLeaves Roots

Tissues/Stem Flower

Biology of Plants

• Plants are alive, just like people and animals. How do we know this? Living things all do certain things:- They grow and die. - They need energy, nutrients, air, and water. - They produce young. - They are made up of cells. - They react to what's around them.

Plant AdaptationsPlant Adaptations

• Think about the desert, how do the Think about the desert, how do the plants differ there then here?plants differ there then here?

• What about the Alaska?What about the Alaska?

• Compare the plants in Minnesota with Compare the plants in Minnesota with the plants in New Mexico.the plants in New Mexico.

Plant Adaptations

• Plants have adaptations to help them survive (live and grow) in different areas. Adaptations are special features that allow a plant or animal to live in a particular place or habitat. These adaptations might make it very difficult for the plant to survive in a different place.

LEAVES• Photosynthetic organ of the plant,

used to convert sunlight into food

• Photosynthesis Equation:

CO2 + H2O C6H12O6 + O2

• Stomata: pores within the leaf that open to let CO2 in and O2 out.

• Guard cells open and close the stomata.

• Cuticle: waxy covering on leaves that prevents water loss

Leaves

Leaves

• Leaves of conifers – (needle leaves) are dark green in color to help absorb maximum energy in areas of weak sunlight or a greenish yellow in areas of lots of sun to only absorb a little energy.

Seeds

• Plants rely on wind and animals to disperse their seeds.– Stick to fur– Animals can bury them– Animals can eat them then digest it and pass

it through.– Wind can also carry a seed.– Float in water (size is not a factor)

Roots•Roots act like straws absorbing water and minerals from the soil. •Tiny root hairs stick out of the root, helping in the absorption. •Roots help to anchor the plant in the soil so it does not fall over. •Roots also store extra food for future use. •Tap root go deep into the earth in search of water •Fibrous roots don’t have to go deep, there are many fibrous roots that spread just underneath the surface of the soil

Roots

• Why are there different types of roots?

Tissues/Stems

• They act like the They act like the plant's plumbing plant's plumbing system, conducting system, conducting water and nutrients water and nutrients from the roots and from the roots and food in the form of food in the form of glucose from the glucose from the leaves to other plant leaves to other plant parts. parts.

Tissues/STEMS

• Support plant

• Xylem transport water

• Phloem transport nutrients

FlowerFlower

• Why are the petals of a flower brightly Why are the petals of a flower brightly colored?colored?

• This is because their main job is to This is because their main job is to attract insects, such as bees or attract insects, such as bees or butterflies, into the flower. The insects butterflies, into the flower. The insects pick up pollen from the flower, and pick up pollen from the flower, and carry it to the next flower they visit. carry it to the next flower they visit. This is how most flowers are pollinated.This is how most flowers are pollinated.

Parts of a Flower

Carpel (Female parts)

• Female part of the flower where the seeds are made.

• Stigma is covered with a sticky substance to catch the pollen.

• The Ovary contains the ovules (eggs)

Stamen (Male parts)

• Stamen is the male part of the flower.

• Their job is to make pollen.

• Anther contains the pollen and the filament holds the anther up.

Sepal

• Sepals are special types of leaves that form a ring around the petals.

• Their job is to protect the flower while it is still a bud.

Phototropism (photo = light)

• The growth or movement of a plant in response to a light source.

Plant will grow towards the light

Geotropism (geo = earth, soil, ground)

• Roots will grow downward towards the nutrients

• Stems will grow upward toward the light

Thigmotropism (thigmo - touch)

• Movement of a plant or plant part in response to stimuli or touch

Thermotropism (thermo = heat)

• Movement of a plant or plant part in response to temperature

Summary

• Plants through evolution have adapted to their environment.

• Leaves are used in photosynthesis.• Seeds can be carried by animal, wind, or water.• Stems contain phloem which carries nutrients

and xylem which carries water.• The flower attracts insects for pollination.• Roots are used for H2O absorption. • Carpel is the female organs Stamen is the

male organs.