Chapter 3 – Expansion and Diversity: The Rise of Colonial ......Similarities Differences....
Transcript of Chapter 3 – Expansion and Diversity: The Rise of Colonial ......Similarities Differences....
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Chapter 3Expansion and Diversity: The Rise of Colonial America
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The New England Way
Puritan’s Great Migration◦ Puritanism? Whats it about
A City Upon a Hill◦ Charles I Elimination of Puritanism in England
Results
Massachusetts Bay vs. Plymouth◦ Similarities◦ Differences
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John Winthrop
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Pequot War – Massacre at Mystic
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Read Massacre at Mystic
Read in groups of 3, and answer questions that go with the reading
Please do not write on the reading as I only have a class set.
Class discussion!
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Massachusetts Bay Company
John Winthrop◦ A Model of Christian Charity Utopia
◦ First winter in Boston Native Americans
◦ Disease Epidemic 1 Epidemic 2
◦ Pequot War, 1637 Connecticut established 1635 Tensions escalate Mystic, CT
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Dissent and Orthodoxy◦ New England Way
Means of establishing Orthodoxy◦ Education
Schools for children
Harvard…properly trained ministers
◦ Government
Church free of state control
MA Bay, cooperation between church and state
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Roger Williams
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Challenges to the New England Way
Roger Williams◦ Civil govt should not be involved in religious matters◦ Banished◦ Founds Rhode Island
Ann Hutchinson◦ Followers called Antinomians◦ Tried for heresy◦ Settled in Rhode Island
Antinomians Defeat: effect◦ Leads to new restrictions on women
Self Interests◦ Most fundamental threat◦ Govt tried to control prices so people wouldn’t suffer Robert Keayne
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Control of Congregation◦ Male “saints” Chose mister, elected board of elders, decided who should be
“saints”
◦ Suffrage for every adult male “saint”
◦ Bicameral General Court
◦ Women exchange goods and advice (and news) Mary Rolfe
New England Family◦ Nuclear Family foundation for society
◦ Married by Justice of Peace
◦ Permitted divorce 27
◦ Healthy family
Women◦ Protected from abuse
◦ No property rights
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Environment and life expectancy◦ Lower death rates
Roles◦ Women Children
House, barn, garden, making food and clothing
◦ Men Managed families crops and livestock, conducted business
transactions, represented it in government
◦ Children Labor
Parents provided them with acreage for farming
Half-Way Covenant◦ Holy contract with God obliging them to implement godly
rule Issues with 2nd generation not joining the elect
Many children would remain unbaptized
◦ Covenant would allow all children of baptized parents to be baptized
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Anne Hutchinson
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New England Society
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Metacom aka King Philip
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Expansion and Native Americans
Farmers building out farther Fur trade King Phillips War
◦ Metacom (King Phillip)◦ Several Wampanoags were shot while stealing from farmhouse
◦ 2/3 of Native Americans in NE rallied around Metacom
◦ Mohawk of NY and many Christian Indians joined English
◦ English and allies destroy enemies◦ Effects: indian population reduced by 40% in Southern NE and eliminated resistance to white expansion Deepened english hostility toward ALL native
americans
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Salem Witch Trials
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Salem Witch Trials
Eastern Salem=richer soil and benefited from Salem’s commercial expansion
Western Salem=less fertile soil did not share prosperity and lost political influence
Witchcraft hysteria, 1691◦ Several girls, encouraged African slave Tituba to tell them their fortunes
◦ Trials and punishment◦ Governor Phips
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Chesapeake Society
Society divided between wealthy whites, indentured servants, black slaves, and poor whites
Indentured servants: Came to America under contract to work for another for a period of time (generally 4-7 years)
Government in VA◦ House of Burgesses ◦ Governors council
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Lord Baltimore - Maryland
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Maryland
Land Grant to Lord Baltimore◦ North of Potomac and east of Chesapeake Bay
Haven for Catholics Maryland Act of Toleration
◦ 2nd colony to affirm liberty of worship◦ Did not protect non-chirstians
Economics◦ Tobacco MD, VA, and NC depend on price of Tobacco
Prices drop in 1629
1660, drop to 1 cent a pound
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Tobacco
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Bacon’s Rebellion (1675-1676)
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Bacon’s Rebellion
Tensions between natives and settlers expanding
Governor, Lord Baltimore, and others held fur trade monopolies with frontier natives◦ Results: settler resentments against the governor became fused with those against indians
Governor wanted to collect more taxes to build forts on frontier◦ Results: Small farmers preferred the less costly solution of waging war of extermination Turned to Bacon
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Nathaniel Bacon
Bacon’s Rebellion◦ 300 elect him to lead them against natives
◦ Definition of enemies
◦ Plunder enemies
◦ Berkeley changed his mind, but Bacon wouldn’t back down
◦ Colonists win
◦ Bacon Dies
◦ Results
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Slave Trade
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The Middle Passage
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Slavery
Replaced indentured servitude◦ Difficult to import white laborers
◦ Rise of direct trade in slaves
◦ Middle Passage: Africa to new world, 300-400 packed in tiny area
◦ Result
Sugar and Slaves: The West Indies◦ Alternative to growing tobacco
◦ Dutch
◦ Slaves preferred labor force
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The Carolinas
North Carolina South Carolina
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Rice and Slaves: Carolina
Anthony Ashley Cooper…land grants◦ John Locke
Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina
Rice◦ Cash Crop
◦ Slaves
Familiar with rice cultivation
Immunities
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Dutch – New Netherland
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New Netherland
First multiethnic colony Beaver Wars
◦ Iroquois vs. French allies (Hurons, etc)
New Sweden, Delaware Valley◦ Traded with Delaware (Lenni Lenape) and Susquehannock, furs that would have gone to New Netherland
◦ 1655, annexed by Dutch
Historical Significance: New Netherland had population of 9000 by the time the English take over◦ New Sweden gave us the log cabin
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New York and New Jersey
James, Duke of York
Berkeley + Carteret
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New York and New Jersey
English conquests!
Charles II Defeats Dutch and takes New Netherland◦ Gives to his brother the Duke of York (James)
Rename New York
New Jersey given to William Penn, John Berkeley, and Sir Phillip Carteret◦ Sold to Quakers
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William Penn - Pennsylvania
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Quaker Pennsylvania
William Penn◦ 2 aims Launch a “holy experiment”
Profit
◦ Quakerism George Fox, founder
◦ Holy spirit could inspire every soul
◦ Beliefs
◦ Capital of Philadelphia
◦ Government
◦ Tolerance helped to reduce problems with natives
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New France
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New France
Canada
Mercantilism
1/5 of population were Voyageurs or courers de bois
Wanted to dominate North America
Louis Jolliet and Jacques Marquette
La Salle and Louis XIV
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Spain
Pope and the Pueblo Revolt◦ Frustrated by intolerance of Spanish
◦ Attacked Spanish village, killed all but 2 Siege of Santa Fe
Led to expulsion of spanish for 12 yrs
Reconqured in 1692
Result
Florida and Texas◦ Florida threatened by English expansion
◦ Texas founded
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New World by 1700