Chapter 28Pop ArtOp Art

Pop ArtIn the late ’50s and the ‘60s there was a reaction against the nonfigurative Abstract Expressionists-

It resulted in the return

of the OBJECT

Pop ArtImagery from:

Commercial sourcesMass MediaEveryday life

Pop Art•Mundane objects•Elevating everyday objects to the status of artistic imagery

Robert Rauschenberg•Rejected the seriousness of abstract expressionism

•Always experimented with new styles

•“Once a certain technique or method became easy, I would give it up and try something else,”

Robert Rauschenberg

Collage, inspired by Picasso

RETROACTIVE I, 1964

•Astronaut floating in space

•Sunkist oranges

•Takeoff of Duchamp’s Nude Descending a Staircase

•Falling astronaut and falling paint symbolize the Fall of Man

•Kennedy is compared to God and Christ

Rauschenberg

RauschenbergCreated the Combine

Combinations of objects

Which earned him a place in art world

Bed, 1955

Rauschenberg

Monogram, 1959

•Stuffed angora goat with tireMagazine cut-outs and paint on base•Dada influence

Rauschenberg

Trophy II (for Teeny and Marcel Duchamp), 1960

oil, charcoal, paper, fabric, metal on canvas, drinking glass (not original), metal chain, spoon90 x 118 in.

Jasper Johns•Influenced by Duchamp

•Friend of Rauschenberg

•He’s another bridge between Abstract Expressionism and Pop Art

Jasper Johns•Use of numbers and letters are derived from Picasso’s collages

Jasper JohnsTake a familiar object. Do

something to it. Do something else to it.

Three Flags,1958

Jasper Johns

Jasper JohnsInfluence of Duchamp’s

ready-mades

Painted Bronze, 1962

HappeningsThe Pop Art era also had many

“happenings” unrehearsed and

improvised demonstrations with painting,

assemblage, television, radio, film, and artificial lighting.

Andy Worhol•Born in 1928 in

Pittsburgh.

•He studied commercial art.

•In New York, he worked as an illustrator for magazines like Vogue and Harpar's Bazaar.

•Became famous for his shoe illustrations

•Big on self promotion

•Made himself into a work of Pop Art

•Central figure in the movement

Andy Worhol

Andy Worhol•1952, Andy Warhol had his first one-man•1963, he went into filmmaking, producing more than 80 films.

an early film was SLEEP (1963) in which the camera remained fixed on a man sleeping for the duration of eight hours.

Andy Worhol•He created a studio called The Factory in 1962 and hired “art workers” to create prints, films, and other art projects.

•Became a popular hangout for celebrities in the ‘60s, many of whom were featured in Warhol’s work

Andy Worhol•Silk screening allowed him to mass produce his art with help in the Factory

Marilyn, he mixes up his color themes

Andy Worhol•In 1965, Warhol started to sponsor the rock group called Velvet Underground.

•In July 1968, Warhol was shot two in the chest by a woman from his factory.

•He died February 22, 1987 from complications after a gall bladder operation.

Andy Worhol•He used ordinary mass-produced objects which he exhibited in the context of a gallery.•He liked mass production-

“I want to be a machine”

Created in 1968. Screenprint on paper.

Andy Worhol

He depicts an icon of American pop culture in the traditional diptych format.Elvis is shown in an aggressive stance with his gun drawn transforming the conventional image of a cowboy into that of a pop star.

Elvis l and ll, 1964. Silkscreen

Worhol•The electric chair is an a highly recognizable and strong image of death.

•Many believe he wanted to explore the banality of death in our society and in the context of state endorsed, industrialized killing.

Part of his “Death and Disaster” series and multiple electric chair images.

Worhol

Roy Lichtensteinmade comic book-like paintings. Slick, highly stylistic

The Engagement Ring, 1961

Roy Lichtenstein

Blam, 1962

Roy Lichtenstein

Little Big Picture, 1965

Refers to “Custer’s last stand” at little Bighorn

Roy Lichtenstein

•These are the sculptures he made later on in life (1990)

•Bronze

•Painted in the style of his comic book paintings

Claes Oldenberg•Born in Stockholm, settled in Chicago in 1936

•Attended Yale before studying at the Art Institute of Chicago

•Moved to New York and began performance art and outdoor monuments

Claes Oldenberg•Exaggerations of everyday objects

Creates tactile urges

•American advertising, manufactured objects, and fast food

•Public sculpture and permanent monuments

Claes Oldenberg•Spoonbridge and Cherry

•52’ across a pond

Claes Oldenberg

Claes Oldenberg

Op Art, Mid ‘60sa style of ART that uses precise

lines and shapes to create OPTICAL ILLUSIONS

Op ArtBridget ReillyHer work tends to undulate and wiggle.

She controls and disturbs the viewer’s eye.

Op ArtBridget Reilly

Chapter 29 • Innovation• Continuity• Globalization

Return to Realism•Chuck Close•Richard Estes•Duane Hanson•Ron Mueck

Chuck Close

Chuck Close

Chuck Close

American artistPainter, photographer, printmakerHe is famous for his work as a Photo Realist

Chuck Close

Chuck Close

Richard Estes

Richard Estes

•Large crisp, clear paintings= Super Realism

•Reflections

Richard Estes

Richard Estes

Duane HansonTrompe-l’oeil- fool the eye

Polyester resin, fiberglass

Duane Hanson

Ron Muec

k

Ron MueckRon

Mueck

Ron Mueck

Ron Muec

k

Architecture

Frank GehryUnstable look, asymmetrical, sweeping curved lines

Deconstructive Architecture

Frank Gehry

Frank Gehery

I.M. Pei

I.M. Pei

I.M. Pei

JFK Library

I.M. Pei