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![Page 1: Chapter 25: Imperialism in Asia and Latin America Section 1: China Reacts to Western Influences Eli-Jay World Studies.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e0b5503460f94af36ef/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 25: Imperialism in Asia and Latin America
Section 1: China Reacts to Western Influences
Eli-JayWorld Studies
![Page 2: Chapter 25: Imperialism in Asia and Latin America Section 1: China Reacts to Western Influences Eli-Jay World Studies.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e0b5503460f94af36ef/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
A. European Influence and Conflicts in China
• When European imperialism reached China, it created conflicts and forced the Chinese to sign several treaties.
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A. European Influence and Conflicts in China
• The Opium War– Opium was a painkiller that was an addictive
drug made from the poppy plant. – Many Chinese people were addicted to Opium,
and many British were coming to China just to sell Opium.
– An official named Lin Zexu wrote to Queen Victoria from Britain, explaining to her how she would feel if someone from a different country came selling Opium, knowing she didn’t allow it.
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A. European Influence and Conflicts in China
• The Treaty of Nanjing– China was forced to sign the Treaty of Nanjing in
1842. – China had to give the city of Hong Kong to Great
Britain. – During the next two years, both France and the
United States pressured China to sign similar treaties, which China did sign.
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A. European Influence and Conflicts in China
• The Unequal Treaties– After the second Opium War, several treaties were
forced on China. – The treaties became known as the Unequal
treaties. – The treaties gave foreign nations control over the
entire Chinese economy.
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A. European Influence and Conflicts in China
• Spheres of Influence– China was weakened by the Taiping Rebellion,
which occurred from 1850 to 1864. – After the Taiping Rebellion, China was an easy
target of other countries. – The policy called, “Open Door Policy” was
established to prevent nations from colonizing China.
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B. Toward Revolution in China
• Imperialism led to rebellions in China and the overthrow of the Manchu Dynasty.
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B. Toward Revolution in China
• The Boxer Rebellion– Many Chinese people were deeply angry at the
foreign nations for dividing their country into spheres of influence.
– Europeans called this group boxers because they were trained in Chinese fighting techniques.
– After the failure of the Boxer Rebellion, the Manchu Dynasty decided to reform its government.
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B. Toward Revolution in China
• Sun Yat-sen– Reformers wanted to replace the Manchu Dynasty
with a republic, after Empress Ci Xi died. – Sun Yat-sen became a passionate spokesperson for
a Chinese republic. – He was educated in Western countries about
western ways.
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Chapter 25: Imperialism in Asia and Latin America
Section 2: Japan Modernizes
Eli-JayWorld Studies
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A. Challenges by Western Imperial Powers
• Challenges by Western powers finally succeeded in opening Japan to foreigners and foreign traders.
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A. Challenges by Western Imperial Powers
• A show of Force– In 1853, an event confirmed Japanese fears about
foreigners. – The American government sent a formal mission
to the emperor of Japan. – The letter asked for better treatment of
shipwrecked U.S. sailors, the sale of supplies to ships in need of them, and trade between Japan and the United States.
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A. Challenges by Western Imperial Powers
• Treaty of Kanagawa– Perry and representatives of the emperor signed
the Treaty of Kanagawa on March 31, 1854. – An American consul would live and work in Japan. – A consul is a government official who is
responsible for commercial interests and takes care of functions such as issuing passports.
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B. Restoring Power to Japan
• The Japanese emperor Meiji was restored to power, and industrialization and social change followed.
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B: Restoring Power to Japan
• The Return of the Emperor– A reform group decided Japan would be better off
if the emperor were restored to full power in 1867.
– They persuaded the last shogun to resign and give his power to Emperor Mutsuhito, a 16 year old boy.
– Mutsuhito soon took the name of Meiji, which means “enlightened rule”.
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B. Restoring Power to Japan
• Government Changes Under Emperor Meiji– The new government set about centralizing power
and breaking up feudalism. – The government also began moving in the
direction of a constitutional government. – Japanese leaders encouraged citizens to be loyal
to the nation and the emperor.
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B. Restoring Power to Japan
• Industrialization Under Emperor Meiji– Under the government rapid industrialization and
modernization occurred during the Meiji restoration.
– The government built ships, weapons, and railroads.
– They also began mining for coal. The silk and cotton industries expanded. The silk and cotton industries depended on cheap labor.
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B. Restoring Power to Japan
• Social Changes Under Emperor Meiji– All people from different classes could intermarry
and dress as they choose. – Members of this class had been known as
nonhumans. – Outcasts lived in special areas and could be
abused by members of other classes.
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C. Japanese Foreign Policy
• Japan let go of its policy of isolation and became an industrial and military world power.
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C. Japanese Foreign Policy
• Japanese Imperialism– In 1879, Japan took over the Ryukyu Islands. – In the past Japanese efforts to trade with Korea
had long been under Chinese control. – In 1894, the first Sino-Japanese War broke out
between Japan and China.
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C. Japanese Foreign Policy
• The Russo-Japanese War– After the Sino-Japanese War, Japan gradually
strengthened its army.– Nobody asked the Koreans or the Chinese how
they felt about the conflict or what they wanted. – War broke out between Russia and Japan. This
was called the Russo-Japanese War.
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C. Japanese Foreign Policy
• The New Imperialist Power– In more than 50 years a traditional isolated Japan
had become an industrialized power. – Other industrialization imperialists nations, such
as a Great Britain and Russia, viewed the nation of Japan as a threat to the balance of power.
– Japan’s achievements and victories sent ripples of concern through the western world.
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Chapter 25: Imperialism in Asia and Latin America
Section 3: Japan Imperialism in Latin America
Eli-JayWorld Studies
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A. Foreigners in Latin America
• Even after Latin America gained independence, foreign nations continued to dominate.
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A. Foreigners in Latin America
• Effects of Colonial Imperialism– Before Europeans arrived, Latin America
economies were mostly self-sufficient. – European interference permanently changed the
economies of Latin America. – Unfortunately, they also denied the Latin
Americans any role in government.
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A. Foreigners in Latin America
• Economic Imperialism in Latin America– Even after Latin Americans broke free of
Europeans’ political control, their economies still depended on trade with European countries.
– They needed sources for food crops and goods they did not produce.
– Some Latin Americans nations with many resources and good management built strong economies.
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A. Foreigners in Latin America
• Areas of Weakness– Problems between social classes and troubled
economies made it difficult for Latin American countries to unite.
– Many Latin Americans felt no loyalty to the central governments of their nations.
– They were at risk of further colonization because they could not defend their liberty.
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A. Foreigners in Latin America
• The Monroe Doctrine– As revolutions ended Spanish and Portuguese rule
in Latin America, U.S. citizens watched eagerly. – U.S. government leaders were aware that the
newly independent Latin American governments were poorly prepared to defend themselves against further colonization.
– Great Britain opposed European colonization in Latin America and was willing to back up the U.S. if necessary.
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B: United States Imperialism
• During the late 1800s and early 1900s the United States introduced it’s own brand of imperialism to Latin America.
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B: United States Imperialism
• The Spanish-American War– In 1895 a Cuban revolution with the goal of gaining
independence from Spain began. – Most of the Americans were on the Cubans side, so
president McKinley sent the battleship USS Maine to Havana, the capital of Cuba to help protect the Americans.
– The Maine exploded and the explosion killed 260 American sailors. Nobody knew the cause of the blast. Finally president McKinley asked Spain to stop fighting and grant Cuba its independence.
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B: United States Imperialism
• Big Stick Diplomacy– European imperialists had acquired territory and
colonies all over the world. – Instead of seeking colonies for the United States,
President Roosevelt wanted treaties that would support U.S. businesses abroad.
– Many people accused him of being imperialistic. Roosevelt said that it was important to “Speak softly and carry a big stick”. ( A strong country could control others without making them colonies).
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B: United States Imperialism
• The Panama Canal– The United States had long wanted to link its east and west
coasts with a canal across Central American. – The united States obtained the isthmus between North
and South America located around Panama. (Isthmus: is a narrow strip of land bordered on both sides by water between two larger masses of land).
– 1904-1914 the canal was built after Panama signed the treaty giving the United States permission.
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C: Reform and Change in Mexico
• After Mexico’s independence from Spain, Mexico faced economic challenges and revolution.
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C: Reform and Change in Mexico
• Benito Pablo Juarez and Porfirio Diaz– In early 1854, reformers launched a revolt against
Santa Anna and took over the government in 1855. – Benito Juarez was a great leader of the reform
movement. He was a Native American who wanted to help the poor. He became the president of Mexico in 1861.
– Later in 1877, Porfirio Diaz led a series of revolts, he became president of Mexico. Under his harsh rule, Diaz brought order and modernization to Mexico.
Benito Juarez Porfirio Diaz
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C: Reform and Change in Mexico
• Emiliano Zapata and Pancho Villa– Francisco Indalecio Madero, a revolutionary
leader, succeeded Diaz. – Madero disappointed his revolutionary
supporters: Native Americans Emiliano Zapata and former bandit Pancho Villa.
– Venustiano Carranza seized power in 1914, Zapata and Villa led rebellions against Carranza. Zapata was murdered in 1915.
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Chapter 25: Imperialism in Asia and Latin America
Section 4: Worldwide Effects of Imperialism
Eli-JayWorld Studies
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A. Views of Imperialism
• Both opposing and supporting views existed on the issue of imperialism.
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A. Views of Imperialism
• Opposing Imperialism– Imperialism became a hotly debated issue in the
United States. – Many Americans believed that the United States
should not have an overseas empire, and they also believed that the United States should stay out of the affairs of other countries.
– Senator, George F. Hoar, stated his objection to imperialism in the debate over acquiring the Philippines.
![Page 39: Chapter 25: Imperialism in Asia and Latin America Section 1: China Reacts to Western Influences Eli-Jay World Studies.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e0b5503460f94af36ef/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
A. Views of Imperialism
• Supporting Imperialism– In the late 1800s the United States had not been
involved much in foreign affairs. – Several settlers helped the United States to
expand westward as far as the Pacific Ocean. – American industry and agriculture were producing
more goods than the American people were buying. Such economic benefits caused many Americans to take a positive view of imperialism.
![Page 40: Chapter 25: Imperialism in Asia and Latin America Section 1: China Reacts to Western Influences Eli-Jay World Studies.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e0b5503460f94af36ef/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
B. Progress Under Imperialism
• Imperialism influenced worldwide changes including progress in medicine, public health, education, and science and technology.
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B. Progress Under Imperialism
• Medicine– Important scientific discoveries led to major
breakthroughs in medicine. – In the mid-1800s Louis Pasteur, a French chemist
and biologist, proved the germ theory of disease. – Robert Koch, a German scientist made the study
of germs into a systematic science.
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B. Progress Under Imperialism
• Public Health– The mingling of people from Europe and other
continents resulted in more disease. – In addition to sending doctors, western nations
established hospitals in other countries. – Modern Western medicine also had some
negative effects. It cause people to abandon the sometimes valuable medical knowledge of traditional herbalists and healers.
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B. Progress Under Imperialism
• Science and Technology– The western nations took their own technology to
the countries they controlled or colonized. – They built roads and established a network of
railroads. Ports were modernized. – Many people were eager for western technology.
Sewers and water systems added to the quality of life.
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B. Progress Under Imperialism
• Education– European nations soon realized that they could
not attract enough fellow Europeans to handle all the jobs that had to be done in their colonies.
– These workers had to speak the language of their governing nation, and they had to have a basic western education.
– European schools taught promising students in the colonies.