Chapter 25 FROM NIXON TO CARTER
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Transcript of Chapter 25 FROM NIXON TO CARTER
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON1
The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA
Chapter 25Chapter 25 FROM NIXON TO CARTERFROM NIXON TO CARTER
Section 1:Section 1: The Nixon Years The Nixon Years
Section 2:Section 2: From Watergate to Ford From Watergate to Ford
Section 3:Section 3: Carter: The Outsider as President Carter: The Outsider as President
Section 4:Section 4: Life in the 1970s Life in the 1970s
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON2
The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA
Objectives:Objectives: How did President Nixon’s policies differ from those of How did President Nixon’s policies differ from those of
Presidents Johnson and Kennedy?Presidents Johnson and Kennedy? How did President Nixon respond to economic problems?How did President Nixon respond to economic problems? What were the causes and effects of the energy crisis?What were the causes and effects of the energy crisis? What did Americans and the government do to help clean What did Americans and the government do to help clean
up the environment?up the environment? What beliefs guided Nixon’s foreign-policy decisions?What beliefs guided Nixon’s foreign-policy decisions?
Section 1: The Nixon YearsSection 1: The Nixon Years
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The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
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Differences between Nixon and Differences between Nixon and Johnson/KennedyJohnson/Kennedy Nixon pledge to cut back Democratic programs.Nixon pledge to cut back Democratic programs. The welfare system under the Great Society gave most aid in The welfare system under the Great Society gave most aid in
the form of services; Nixon wanted the Family Assistance the form of services; Nixon wanted the Family Assistance Plan, which would guarantee families a minimum income.Plan, which would guarantee families a minimum income.
Kennedy and Johnson both proposed and supported civil rights Kennedy and Johnson both proposed and supported civil rights legislation; Nixon delayed pressuring southern schools to legislation; Nixon delayed pressuring southern schools to desegregate and opposed the Supreme Court’s busing ruling.desegregate and opposed the Supreme Court’s busing ruling.
Section 1: The Nixon YearsSection 1: The Nixon Years
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Nixon’s response to economic problemsNixon’s response to economic problemsNixon responded to stagflation by ordering a Nixon responded to stagflation by ordering a temporary freeze on wages, prices, and rents.temporary freeze on wages, prices, and rents.
Section 1: The Nixon YearsSection 1: The Nixon Years
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Causes of the energy crisisCauses of the energy crisisU.S. dependence on foreign oilU.S. dependence on foreign oilU.S. support of IsraelU.S. support of Israelthe oil embargo and OPEC price hikesthe oil embargo and OPEC price hikes
Effects of the energy crisisEffects of the energy crisissupport for energy conservation; speed limit support for energy conservation; speed limit
reduced to 55mphreduced to 55mphoil pipeline from Alaskaoil pipeline from Alaskadevelopment of nuclear energydevelopment of nuclear energy
Section 1: The Nixon YearsSection 1: The Nixon Years
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The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
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Cleaning up the environmentCleaning up the environmentcreation of the EPAcreation of the EPApassage of the Clean Air Act, the Water Quality passage of the Clean Air Act, the Water Quality
Improvement Act, and the Endangered Species ActImprovement Act, and the Endangered Species ActEarth Day activitiesEarth Day activities
Section 1: The Nixon YearsSection 1: The Nixon Years
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The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
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Beliefs behind Nixon’s foreign policy Beliefs behind Nixon’s foreign policy decisionsdecisionsNixon and Kissinger believed in realpolitik, the Nixon and Kissinger believed in realpolitik, the proposition that national interests should take proposition that national interests should take precedence over ideals such as democracy or precedence over ideals such as democracy or human rights.human rights.
Section 1: The Nixon YearsSection 1: The Nixon Years
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The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
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Objectives:Objectives:What were the issues surrounding the Watergate What were the issues surrounding the Watergate
scandal?scandal?What role did the White House tapes play in President What role did the White House tapes play in President
Nixon’s resignation?Nixon’s resignation?Why was President Ford unable to achieve his Why was President Ford unable to achieve his
domestic-policy goals?domestic-policy goals?How did Ford attempt to continue Nixon’s foreign How did Ford attempt to continue Nixon’s foreign
policies?policies?
Section 2: From Watergate to FordSection 2: From Watergate to Ford
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Issues behind WatergateIssues behind WatergateNixon behaved as though there were no limits to his Nixon behaved as though there were no limits to his
power.power.Nixon shifted authority from the Senate-approved Nixon shifted authority from the Senate-approved
cabinet to his personal staff.cabinet to his personal staff.Nixon hid vital information from Congress and the Nixon hid vital information from Congress and the
public.public.Nixon engaged in a cover-up when Congress Nixon engaged in a cover-up when Congress
investigated him.investigated him.
Section 2: From Watergate to FordSection 2: From Watergate to Ford
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The White House tapesThe White House tapesNixon refused to release the tapes and had the Nixon refused to release the tapes and had the
special prosecutor fired.special prosecutor fired.Americans were outraged and began to call for his Americans were outraged and began to call for his
impeachment.impeachment.Supreme Court ordered Nixon to release all tapes.Supreme Court ordered Nixon to release all tapes.The tapes were key to proving Nixon’s The tapes were key to proving Nixon’s
involvement in the cover-up.involvement in the cover-up.
Section 2: From Watergate to FordSection 2: From Watergate to Ford
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Ford and domestic policyFord and domestic policyFord’s approval rating dropped after he pardoned Ford’s approval rating dropped after he pardoned
Nixon.Nixon.Congressional Democrats blocked presidential Congressional Democrats blocked presidential
legislation; Ford vetoed their legislation.legislation; Ford vetoed their legislation.Congress failed to approve Ford’s budget cuts.Congress failed to approve Ford’s budget cuts.
Section 2: From Watergate to FordSection 2: From Watergate to Ford
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Ford and foreign policyFord and foreign policyretained Kissinger as secretary of stateretained Kissinger as secretary of statetried to maintain U.S. influence in Southeast Asiatried to maintain U.S. influence in Southeast Asiasupported anticommunist forces in Angolasupported anticommunist forces in Angolatried to continue the policy of détente toward the tried to continue the policy of détente toward the
Soviet UnionSoviet Union
Section 2: From Watergate to FordSection 2: From Watergate to Ford
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Objectives:Objectives: Why did voters think that Jimmy Carter was a different Why did voters think that Jimmy Carter was a different
kind of politician?kind of politician? How did President Carter’s handling of domestic issues How did President Carter’s handling of domestic issues
cause some Americans to lose faith in his administration?cause some Americans to lose faith in his administration? How did Carter’s foreign policy differ from that of Nixon How did Carter’s foreign policy differ from that of Nixon
and Ford?and Ford? How did Carter weaken U.S.-Soviet relations, and how did How did Carter weaken U.S.-Soviet relations, and how did
he help achieve peace in the Middle East?he help achieve peace in the Middle East?
Section 3: Carter: The Outsider as PresidentSection 3: Carter: The Outsider as President
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Carter’s differencesCarter’s differenceswas a Washington outsiderwas a Washington outsiderheld strong religious beliefsheld strong religious beliefsheld regular town meetings and call-in sessions to held regular town meetings and call-in sessions to
keep in touch with Americanskeep in touch with Americanswalked instead of riding in a limo on Inauguration walked instead of riding in a limo on Inauguration
DayDay
Section 3: Carter: The Outsider as PresidentSection 3: Carter: The Outsider as President
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Carter and domestic policyCarter and domestic policyPrograms failed to revive the economy.Programs failed to revive the economy.Energy proposals significantly changed by Congress.Energy proposals significantly changed by Congress.Response to Three Mile Island accident ignored Response to Three Mile Island accident ignored
doubts about nuclear power.doubts about nuclear power.
Section 3: Carter: The Outsider as PresidentSection 3: Carter: The Outsider as President
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Carter’s foreign policyCarter’s foreign policyrejected realpolitikrejected realpolitiktried to inject moral principles, especially about tried to inject moral principles, especially about
human rightshuman rightstried to improve U.S. image to developing worldtried to improve U.S. image to developing world
Section 3: Carter: The Outsider as PresidentSection 3: Carter: The Outsider as President
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Weakening of U.S.-Soviet relationsWeakening of U.S.-Soviet relationsCarter responded to the invasion of Afghanistan by Carter responded to the invasion of Afghanistan by cutting grain sales to the Soviet Union and boycotting cutting grain sales to the Soviet Union and boycotting the Moscow Olympics.the Moscow Olympics.
Support of peace process for the Middle EastSupport of peace process for the Middle EastCarter hosted meetings between Israelis and Egyptians Carter hosted meetings between Israelis and Egyptians at Camp David, and these led to the end of the 30-year at Camp David, and these led to the end of the 30-year state of war between the two countries.state of war between the two countries.
Section 3: Carter: The Outsider as PresidentSection 3: Carter: The Outsider as President
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The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
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Objectives:Objectives:How did the American population and family structure How did the American population and family structure
change during the 1970s?change during the 1970s?Why did some observers argue that Americans were Why did some observers argue that Americans were
self-absorbed?self-absorbed?What forms of entertainment were popular during the What forms of entertainment were popular during the
1970s?1970s?How did new technologies affect the lives of many How did new technologies affect the lives of many
Americans?Americans?
Section 4: Life in the 1970sSection 4: Life in the 1970s
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Changes in America during the 1970sChanges in America during the 1970simmigration from Asia and Latin Americaimmigration from Asia and Latin Americamovement to the Sunbeltmovement to the Sunbeltrise in single-person householdsrise in single-person householdsrise in divorcerise in divorcefew children per familyfew children per familyrise in single-parent householdsrise in single-parent households
Section 4: Life in the 1970sSection 4: Life in the 1970s
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Possible indications of self-absorption Possible indications of self-absorption rising divorce raterising divorce rateself-improvement fadsself-improvement fads
Section 4: Life in the 1970sSection 4: Life in the 1970s
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Entertainment in the 1970sEntertainment in the 1970smovies, especially blockbustersmovies, especially blockbustersrock music, disco, and punkrock music, disco, and punk
Section 4: Life in the 1970sSection 4: Life in the 1970s
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The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
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New technologies in the 1070sNew technologies in the 1070s Space program raised national pride, improved relations with Space program raised national pride, improved relations with
the Soviet Union, and expanded people’s view of the universe.the Soviet Union, and expanded people’s view of the universe. Personal computers changed the way business was done and Personal computers changed the way business was done and
made the information revolution and the Internet possible.made the information revolution and the Internet possible. Video games, VCRs, and answering machines increased Video games, VCRs, and answering machines increased
convenience and changed habits and leisure time activities. convenience and changed habits and leisure time activities. Video games have negative potential impacts on children’s Video games have negative potential impacts on children’s social skills and health.social skills and health.
Section 4: Life in the 1970sSection 4: Life in the 1970s