Goal 12 Part 1 Nixon / Ford / Carter. Nixon Administration (1968-1974) “Law & Order” politics -...
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Transcript of Goal 12 Part 1 Nixon / Ford / Carter. Nixon Administration (1968-1974) “Law & Order” politics -...
Goal 12 Part 1
Nixon / Ford / Carter
Nixon Administration(1968-1974) “Law & Order” politics
- return America into a more “ordered” country
- stop all of the student protests / etc.
- to do this = sometimes illegal action took place (wire taps)
Nixon and New Federalism
(YOU NEED TO KNOW THESE) New Federalism:*downsizing the power and
strength of the federal government take the power out of the federal government
and give it to the state and local governments Revenue Sharing Bill: (giving more financial
freedom to local governments) state and local government can spend it
anyway they want to (within reason)
Controversy over “Busing”
********************************************************
Swann Vs. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education (1971)
- integration of schools through “BUSING”- Busses can drive students to other schools to end “patterns” of all white or all A.A. schools- RE-ENFORCING THE BROWN DECISION
*Nixon HATES the Warren Court(Conservative) (LIBERAL)
Stagflation / Bad Economy / OPEC & Yom Kippur War Stagflation – high inflation and high unemployment (1967-1973 = War ? Coincidence???) Deficit Spending will pay for it (just like New Deal) Problem: U.S. depends on foreign oil TOO MUCH!!!!! (MIDDLE EAST)
****OPEC**** – Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries\ - Oil Cartel (organization)
1960s – this organization gradually raised oil prices 1973 - Yom Kippur War broke out (Egypt ATTACKS Israel) America supports Israel – upsets other Arab countries and cuts
off oil supplies to America through OPEC OPEC in 1974 (quadrupled prices for U.S.) – hurt inflation even
more!!!
Nixon’s Foreign Policy
More flexible approach to Containment
(Truman, Eisenhower, JFK, LBJ)
DÉTENTE (Nixon’s foreign policy)
PURPOSE:
EASE COLD WAR TENSIONS between
the two superpowers
(still anti-communist)
*First president to believe in
détente
Nixon visits China and Soviet Union Nixon visits China THEN Soviet Union****SALT I Treaty**** - Strategic Arms Limitation Talks signed in 1972 between the U.S. and S.U. (NIXON) Example of Détente
Watergate ScandalWATERGATE SCANDAL:
- Nixon and helpers “SECRETLY” taped the Democrats by breaking into the Democratic Headquarters
Result: NIXON & his VP Spiro Agnew RESIGNED!1974 – 1,300 pages of“edited” transcripts - Investigators wanted the“Unedited” transcripts - Supreme Court “ORDERS”Nixon to release the unedited tapes “I am not a crook”
Effects / Results of Watergate “Executive Privileges” DO NOT EXIST American cynicism / skepticism against the
federal government Nixon’s resignation Ford’s Presidency
Gerald Ford (3 Things)(1974 – 1976) Appointed president AFTER Nixon (ONLY President that WAS NOT elected!)(1) ***** Ford’s “PARDON” of Nixon ***** - pardon on ALL charges brought up on Nixon!(2) ***** Whip Inflation Now = W.I.N.*****- Asked Americans to “Cut back” on the use of oil and gas- UNSUCCESSFUL(3) **** Helsinki Accords (1975) ****
- 35 countries, including the U.S., sign this to promote greater cooperation between Western and
Eastern Europe (satellite nations)
Jimmy Carter (1976 -1980)
“I will never tell a lie to the American people”DOMESTIC AGENDA: ENERGY!!
National Energy Act – placed a tax on gas guzzling cars and urged American oil industries to find alternative sources of energy
Effect: slightly reduced our dependence on foreign oil**********Not Reelected in 1980 because of the Iran
Hostage Crisis*******************
Carter and Civil Rights
Regents of University of California V. Bakke (1978)
- AFFIRMATIVE ACTION PROGRAMS are legal *race and gender can be a factor but(no quotas)
What is Affirmative Action?
Side Effect??? ________________
Three Mile Island
March, 1979, Nuclear reactor outside of Philadelphia melted down causing radiation
leaks! (NUCLEAR ENERGY)* Worst
NUCLEAR disaster in U.S. History
RESULT:
INCREASED “REGULATION” ON THE USE OF NUCLEAR ENERGY
Nuclear Regulatory Act
Camp David Accords (1978)(BIGGEST ACCOMPLISHMENT) Peace talks with Egypt (Anwar el-Sadat) and
Israel (Menechem Begin) and Carter Remember Yom Kippur War (Israel v. Egypt) Jimmy Carter – a way to ease confrontation
in the between Egypt and Israel *First time Israel
is going to be recognized
by Egypt
SALT II Treaty (CARTER)
Signed by Carter and Soviet Union Soviet Union “INVADES” Afghanistan U.S. Senate NEVER ratifies it
Remember:SALT I Treaty = NIXON (Successful)
SALT II Treaty = CARTER (Failure)
Iran Hostage Crisis (1979)
Iranian revolution led by citizens 52 American hostages were taken Hostage crisis led by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini(Iranian revolutionary)*Carter supported the Iranian Government…not the rev.) Ronald Reagan (elected in 1980) helped release the hostages in 1981!*The IRAN HOSTAGE CRISIS caused Carter to notget reelected
NIXON FORD CARTERNixon (1968-1974)
(1) Law and Order(2) New Federalism & Revenue Sharing(3) Détente(4) Stagflation(5) OPEC / Yom Kippur War(6) SALT I Treaty(7) Watergate (executive privilege)
Ford (1974-1976)(1) Pardon of Nixon(2) Whip Inflation Now (WIN)(3) Helsinki Accords
Carter (1976-1980)(1) Energy(2) Camp David Accords(3) Iran Hostage Crisis