Chapter 24: The 1920’s Bring Social Change

Manners and Morals Change Women Enjoy New Careers and Life Styles A Black Renaissance Emerges Education and Popular culture Change

Manners and Morals Change

Rural Life vs. Urban Life– Cities were Liberal– Rural were Conservative

1920’s Census Urban excitement Religion clashes with

science– Scopes Trial – “Monkey

Trial”– Clarence Darrow vs.

William J. Bryan

Fundamentalism

The Protestant movement based on the literal interpretation of the Bible.

Were against science. Were against the theory of evolution. Evolution- Theory that animals evolve from

one another. Held religious revivals.

Scopes trial

Tennessee passed the first law which made it illegal to teach evolution.

John Scopes, a biology teacher, was arrested for teaching evolution.

Clarence Darrow was hired to defend Scopes.

William Jennings Bryan, a fundamentalist, was the prosecuting attorney.

Scopes trial (con’t)

The trial was a fight over evolution and the role of science and religion in the classroom.

Darrow called Bryan as an expert on the Bible.

Bryan admitted that he believed God did not create the earth in 6, 24 hour days.

Scopes was found guilty and fined $100.

Manners and Morals Change - continued

Prohibition– 18th Amendment– Temperance Movement– Speakeasies– Bootlegging– Gangsters

Al Capone St. Valentines Day Massacre

Prohibition

Banned to sale, manufacturing, and transportation of alcohol.

18th Amendment: Made alcohol illegal. Speakeasies: Hidden saloons and

nightclubs where people went to drink alcohol illegally.

Bootleggers

Name of smugglers who brought alcohol from Canada, Cuba, and the West Indies.

Some people made their own alcohol and sold it.

Alcohol used for religious services skyrocketed and so did prescriptions for alcohol.

Prohibition

Organized Crime

Chicago, home of Al Capone, who was a gangster with a bootlegging empire.

“Untouchables” Capone killed his competition, literally. 522 gang killings happened b/c of Capone Capone was worth $100 million. He died of syphilis at 48.

Women Enjoy New Careers and Life Styles

Women Suffrage– 19th Amendment– Carrie Chapman Catt

20’s Women– Liberation– Flappers– “bob” Hairstyle– Double Standards

New Work Opportunities Changing Family Life-style

Flapper

Young women who wore shorter dresses and urban attitudes.

They chopped their hair short into bobs. Smoked, drank, and talked openly about sex

in public- not what young ladies were supposed to do.

Had bad reputations.

Double standard

Set of principles granting sexual freedom to men rather than women.

Women have stricter rules for behavior than men do.

A Black Renaissance Emerges

Harlem Renaissance– The Great Migration– Paul Robeson (actor)– Louie Armstrong (jazz)– Bessie Smith (blues singer)– Duke Ellington (jazz)– Cotton Club

Harlem Renaissance

A literary and artistic movement celebrating African American culture.

Writers:– Claude McKay wrote poems and novels.– Langston Hughes was a poet.

Famous African-Americans

Black Renaissance - continued

W.E.B. DuBois Niagara Movement N.A.A.C.P. Marcus Garvey

– “Black is Beautiful”

Jim Crow Laws– James Weldon Johnson– Ida B. Wells-Barnett

New Goals

NAACP founded in 1909 by W.E.B DuBois

James Weldon Johnson helped the NAACP fight for laws to be passed to protect African Americans.

Tried to pass antilynching laws, but none of them passed.

Education and Popular Culture Change

Education – Increasing Enrollment– Property Taxes– Educating Immigrants

News Coverage– Tabloids– Ballyhoo– Weekly Magazines– Radio

Hereos

Charles A. Lindbergh George Herman “Babe” Ruth Harold “Red” Grange Knute Rockne Jack Dempsey Big Bill Tilden Bobby Jones

Heroes

Popular Culture

Hollywood– Charlie Chaplin– Al Jolson

Yiddish Theatre Broadway

– The Great White Way– Eugene O’Neill

Composers– George Gershwin

Popular Culture

Writers– Materialism– F. Scott Fitzgerald

This Side of Paradise

– Sinclair Lewis Elmer Gentry

– Ernest Hemingway The Sun Also Rises

– T.S. Eliot The Waste Land

Famous Writers

F. Scott Fitzgerald: The Great Gatsby

Edna St. Vincent Millay: wrote poetry celebrating life of independence & freedom.

Ernest Hemingway: The Sun Also Rises

Writers