Handout 4-3.3 (green) Chapter 21 Section 1 (Ocean Currents) and Chapter 21 Section 2 (Ocean Waves)
Chapter 21 Section 3
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Transcript of Chapter 21 Section 3
Chapter 21Section 3
Presidents Back Progressive Goals
1896- Republican President William McKinley is elected President
McKinley popularity soared as business boomed
A Reforming President
Business expanded and unemployment fell
By 1900 McKinley realized that Progressive were gaining strength. With this in mind he chose Theodore Roosevelt as his running mate
President contd.
Teddy Roosevelt or TR came from a wealthy New York family. As a child he was often sick but lifted weights, ran, and boxed
Roosevelt supported many Progressive goals and hated corruption. He believed government should protect public interest
“TR”
By age 26 Roosevelt was serving in the New York State legislature
Tragically his mother and wife died on the same day
Rough and Tumble Politics
He quit politics and moved to a cattle ranch in present day North Dakota
2 year later TR returned east He served on the Civil Service Commission 1898 Roosevelt signed up to fight the war
against Spain 1898 he was elected governor of New York
Tumble contd.
Roosevelt pushed for reform
He was call a goo goo, a nickname for someone who wanted good government
Sept. 1901 an assassin shot and killed President McKinley, Roosevelt become President
Reform Governor
TR thought the good trusts should be left alone
TR thought the government should either control or break up the trusts that cheated the public and took advantage of its workers
Good and Bad Trusts
This was Roosevelt government test case 1902 TR ordered the Attorney General to
bring a lawsuit against the Northern Securities Case
This giant trust had been put together by J.P. Morgan
TR argued that Northern Securities used unfair practices in violation of the Sherman Act.
The Northern Securities Case
Other businesses worried because they operated like Northern Securities. If its practices were illegal so were theirs
Ordinary people supported the President
Case contd.
The Supreme Court found that Northern Securities had violated the Sherman Antitrust Act by limiting trade
It ordered the trust to be broken up
The decision showed the effects of the Progressive Movement
A Victory for Roosevelt
- TR then ordered the Attorney General to file suit against other trusts that had broken the law
- Some business leader referred to TR as a trustbuster
- Trustbuster- someone who wanted to destroy all trusts
Victory contd.
TR crashed with the mine owners
1902 coal miners in Pennsylvania went on strike
They wanted better pay and a shorter work day
Trouble in Coal Fields
As winter approached schools and hospitals ran out of coal
TR threatened to send troops in to run the mines
As a result owners sat down with the union and reached and agreement
Coal contd.
Working people around the country cheered
Other Presidents used troops to break strikes
TR was the first to side with labor against mine owners
Coal contd.
1904 Roosevelt runs for President promising American a square deal
Square Deal- all Americans should have equal opportunity to succeed
The promise helped TR win by a landslide
The Promise of a Square Deal
TR knew the ICC had done little to end rebated and other abuses of the railroad
Elkins Act: 1903 outlawed rebated
Hepburn Act: 1906 gave the ICC greater power including the right to set railroad rates
Regulating Railroads
TR read Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle; as a result he sent more inspectors to meatpacking houses
Owners refused to let inspectors in
TR sent newspapers copies of government report supporting Sinclair’s pictures of the meatpacking industry
Protecting Consumers
1906 Congress passes the Meat Inspection Act: it forced meat packing to open their doors to inspectors
Muckrakers had revealed that the food industry was adding dangerous chemicals to canned foods
Consumers contd.
Pure Food and Drug Act: required food and rug makers to list all ingredients on their packages◦ Also tried to end false advertisement
◦ Ban the use of impure ingredients
Consumers contd.
TR loved the outdoors He was alarmed about the destruction of
the wilderness Conservation: protection of natural
resources Some forest and mountain areas should be
left as wilderness He wanted lumber companies to replants
trees
Protecting Natural Resources
1908 TR supported William Taft in the Presidential election
TR then left for a year to hunt big game in Africa
Taft and Reformers
Taft was very different from TR Like TR, Taft supported Progressive causes He pushed ahead with trust busting Taft lost support of the Progressives when
he signed a tariff bill that Progressive opposed and he blocked conservation policies they supported
TR returned from Africa to find out reformers felt Taft betrayed them
Taft vs. TR
TR decides to run against Taft in the 1912 Republican Primary
Taft vs. TR contd.
Many Republican business people distrusted TR so they chose Taft as their candidate
Progressive Republicans were furious and marched out of the Convention
They set up their own party, the Progressive Party
They chose TR to run for President TR said “I feel as strong as a bull” He and
his supporters became known as the Bull Moose Party
“Strong as a Bull Moose”
Democrats chose Woodrow Wilson, a progressive as their candidate
Wilson won the election on 1912
Taft and Roosevelt split the Republican votes helping Wilson to win by getting mostly all Democrats votes
A Democratic Victory
New Freedom: Wilson’s program to split up trusts and restore competition
He pushed for a lower tariff to increase competition from foreigners
Congress imposed a graduate income tax Federal Reserve Act: passed to regulate
banking
The New Freedom
Wilson realized he could not break up large corporations just try and control them
Federal Trade Commission: they had power to investigate companies and order them to stop using unfair business
Clayton Antitrust Act: banned some business practices limiting competition and barred antitrust laws from being used against unions
Controlling Big Business
After 1914 the Progressive Era slowed
They had reached many of their goals and war in Europe caught American attention
Big Business contd.