Possessing the Promised Land – Part 2 of the Believers Promised Land
Chapter 21, Section 1: New Immigrants in a Promised Land
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Transcript of Chapter 21, Section 1: New Immigrants in a Promised Land
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Chapter 21, Section 1:New Immigrants in a Promised Land
Main Idea: In the late 1800s, millions of “new immigrants” came to the
United States in search of economic opportunity and freedom.
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A. Hopes and Fears
Push Factors – conditions that drive people away from their homeland
1. 1. Overpopulation – not enough jobs, scarce land
2. 2. Poor Economy – poverty, hardships (potato famine in Ireland
3. 3. Persecution – religious (Jews in Russia - pogroms) & political (revolution)
Pull Factors – conditions that attract people to a new place
1. 1. Economic Opportunity – lots of jobs due to industrialization
2. 2. Promise of Freedom – religious & political
3. 3. Hope for a Better Life – “streets are paved with gold”
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Immigrationlate 19th and early 20th
centuries
Push Factors
lack of farmlandin Europe
fleeingpersecution
• Irish • Italians• Russian Jews
• Armenians
political turmoil
Mexicans
famine / poverty
• Irish• Chinese
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Immigrationlate 19th and early 20th
centuries
Pull Factors
cheap land and passageto America
promise offreedom anda better life
available jobs in
factoriesand mines
join familyand friends
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Lack of Farmland in Europe
German Italian Puerto Rican English Japanese AmericanAfrican Mexican Irish
• Land was scarce in Europe, but it was plentiful in the U.S.
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B. The Unforgettable VoyageMost immigrants traveled in steerage, the lowest & cheapest deck on the ship. It was often crowded, dirty & disease-ridden.The Statue of Liberty (gift from France) greeted arrivals in NYC after 1886. It came to symbolize hope & freedom. Emma Lazarus wrote “The New Colossus” (…give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free…)
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German ship carrying immigrants to Ellis Island in steerage. (below deck)
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B. (continued)Ellis Island – processing station built in 1892 where immigrants were registered (some name changes) & inspected (physical & mental) before entry into USAngel Island – processing station in SF for Asian immigrants crossing the Pacific O.
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The pens at Ellis Island, main hall. These people have passed the first mental inspection. (1902-1913)
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Angel Island
• From 1910 to 1940, thousands of immigrants, many of whom were Asian, entered the United States through Angel Island, CA.
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C. Changing Patterns of Immigration“Old Immigration”
1. Came before 1880ish
2. Came from NW Europe (England, Ireland, Germany, etc.)
3. Tended to settle on open land (cheap & available
“New Immigration”
1. Came after 1880ish2. Came from SE Europe
(Italy, Poland, Russia, Greece, etc.), Asia & Latin America
3. Tended to settle in cities (industry jobs)
* This group had it more difficult due to prejudice.
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D. Adjusting to a New LandReality differed from expectations: “1st, the streets were not paved w/ gold. 2nd, the streets were not paved at all. 3rd, they expected me to pave them.”Most immigrants settled in ethnic neighborhoods (Little Italy, China Town). This helped them adjust to a new country & keep old customs.Assimilation – becoming part of another culture. Kids assimilated quicker because: 1. school (English, US history) 2. less attached to the old ways
We love social studies!
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Adjusting to a New Land· Most immigrants stayed in the cities where they landed.· By 1900, lower Manhattan was the most crowded place in the world.
Hester Street, ca. 1900
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· Immigrants adjusted by settling in communities with people of their own ethnic group.
Little Italy, New York CityA Jewish vendor in Lower East Side, New York City
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· Assimilation was a long, slow process.Assimilation - process whereby a minority group gradually adopts the customs and attitudes of the majority culture.
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E. Anti-Immigrant Feeling GrowsNativism – anti- immigrant feelingsReasons: 1. overcrowding2. prejudice (different customs, etc)3. complained that immigrants took jobs & kept wages lowChinese Exclusion Act (1882) – barred immigration for 10 yrs (renewed several times)
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